聽力能力基本規(guī)律與技巧

語音規(guī)律包括辨音、音變現(xiàn)象（如音的連讀、弱讀、簡化、同化、失去爆破）、重音等。連讀是口語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的音變現(xiàn)象。前面的單詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后面的單詞以元音開頭，在講話時通常會發(fā)生連讀。如：anapple,讀成anapple。如Fogisspreadingtoallareas.前三個單詞連讀成了/fogizpredin/。1、以輔音結(jié)尾的單詞+元音開頭的單詞：要連讀如：I’dli(kea)notherbow(lo)frice.這里like/laik/以輔音結(jié)尾，another以元音開頭，所以連讀2、以輔音結(jié)尾的單詞+h開頭的單詞h不發(fā)音，與前面的輔音whatwil(lhe)[wili]do?Ha(she)doneitbefore?Mus(the)[ti]go?Canhedoit?Shouldhe….?Tellhimtoaskher….Lea(vehim)[vim].按照這種連讀方式發(fā)音省力、輕松了許多。再次證實”Economy”。音的同化音的同化也是一種連讀的現(xiàn)象，兩個詞之間非常平滑的過渡，導(dǎo)致一個音受臨音影響而變化。主要是以下三種方式：1、輔音[d]與[j]相鄰時，被同化為[dэ]：Wouldyou....?2、輔音[t]與[j]相鄰時，被同化為[t∫]：Can’tyou…？3、輔音[s]與[j]相鄰時,被同化為[∫]：Missyou失音由于失去爆破是失音的一種現(xiàn)象，摩擦音也會被失去，所以統(tǒng)稱為失音。爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻礙，把氣流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接發(fā)出相鄰的輔音。1、輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的輔音要失去爆破。這樣的例子有很多很多，紅色標(biāo)注的輔音不發(fā)音：Sitdown:發(fā)音再次的老師都不會發(fā)出[t]音Contactlens:BigcakeDadtoldmeHugechangeGoodnight濁化1、[S]后面的清輔音要濁化Discussion：[k]濁化成[g]Stand：[t]濁化成[d]Expression：[p]濁化成[b]2、美音中：[t]在單詞的中間被濁化成[d]writer，聽起來和rider的發(fā)音幾乎沒有區(qū)別letter—ladderoutof美國人和加拿大人發(fā)音為了省事，習(xí)慣清音濁化，尤其是[t]在單詞的中間一定會濁化成[d]，但英國人發(fā)音不會這樣，這也是英音和美音的一大區(qū)別。了解這一濁化原則，會給聽力帶來一些幫助。爆破音是指發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙,然后氣流沖破阻礙而發(fā)出的音。這些音有6個,即/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/和/g/。但在某些情況下,發(fā)爆破音時,氣流不必沖破阻礙,而只是發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙,并稍做停頓,(也就是說,做好要發(fā)出這個爆破音的準(zhǔn)備,但不要發(fā)出音來),這樣的發(fā)音過程叫作"不完全爆破"。1./p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/這6個爆破音中的任何兩個音素相鄰時,前者發(fā)不完全爆破音,后者則要完全地。徹底地進(jìn)行爆破。如:1)Hehasaba(d)col(d)today.2)Youshoul(d)ta(k)ecareofthechildren.Gla(d)tomeetyou.2.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/tF/,/dV/,/W/,/T/的前面時不完全爆破。如:1)Haveyourea(d)thebookabou(t)tha(t)child。2)Thethir(d)chairisbroken.3.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/m/,/n/,/l/,/s/的前面時不完全爆破。如:1)Goo(d)morning,sir.2)Goo(d)night.3)Theyareveryfrien(d)lytous.注意:不完全爆破可以發(fā)生在單詞。短語或句子中。弱讀一般來說：實詞重讀，如動詞、名詞、副詞等；虛詞弱讀，如介詞、代詞等弱讀的規(guī)則一般是：元音音節(jié)弱化成[E]或比如說如下幾個單詞：for/to/some/does/of查字典會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞都至少有兩種讀音，如for:重讀時[fR:],弱讀時[fE]語調(diào)規(guī)律注意和分析單詞在句中的重讀規(guī)律有助于識別單詞、詞組并區(qū)分實詞、虛詞；而注意說話者的語氣并分析語句的升、平、降調(diào)則有助于了解說話人的情感、態(tài)度，從而正確判斷說話人之間的關(guān)系，推斷說話人的意圖和目的。英語中的陳述句、特殊疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句多用降調(diào)。升調(diào)常表示疑問、懷疑、不解、或不確定，不但常用在一般疑問句中，也用在陳述句、特殊疑問句、婉轉(zhuǎn)祈使句或反意疑問句中。例如:Ithoughtitwouldbeallright.(表示推測或不確定)。(↗)Youhaven’tseenthefilm,haveyou？（期待給與否定回答）(↗)It’sawonderfulfilm,don’tyouthinkso？（期待給與肯定回答）(↗)虛擬語氣的語調(diào)往往很強烈，句尾使用高降調(diào)。例如：HowIwishIwereastudent!（↘）句法規(guī)律

主要包括兩項內(nèi)容：a)聽力材料中有些詞，尤其是虛詞（如連詞、介詞等）往往不易一下聽出來，必須運用句法知識加以彌補；b)英語中有些特殊的句型句式、習(xí)慣用法常令學(xué)生在聽力測試中倍感困惑，僅舉幾例說明。

例1:Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.開車時越小心越好。cannot(cannot)/cannever與too連用表示“越------越好”；“再------也不為過”HeisnomoreabletoreadSpanishthanIam.他和我一樣都讀不懂西班牙文。nomore…than的意思為“和------一樣不”。邏輯規(guī)律一段話或一個段落往往表達(dá)一個相對獨立的觀點或敘述一個相對完整的事件。其中表示邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語、表達(dá)說話者意圖的關(guān)鍵詞、用于承上啟下的關(guān)鍵句等，對于把握整個對話或段落的中心思想起著至關(guān)重要的作用，必須予以充分注意。例如:M:I’msorry,Madam.Theplaneissomewhatbehindschedule.Takeaseat.I’llinformyouassoonasweknowsomethingdefinite.W:Thankyou.I’dratherlookaround,andI’llbebackinseveralminutes.Q:Whatcanbeconcludedabouttheplane?本段對話聽起來較長，但就答題而言，關(guān)鍵只有一句，即“Theplaneissomewhatbehindschedule(飛機晚點了).因此，只要聽出這一點，便能準(zhǔn)確地回答問題。做題技巧一．卷子發(fā)下來后快速的瀏覽一遍，包括題干和答案。這樣會大大提高你對聽力的理解---知道它是講什么內(nèi)容，大概是怎么回事。二．沒聽懂的題目，就放棄它，千萬不要在聽下道題的時候還在想上道題。這樣會引起頭腦的混亂。掌握節(jié)奏合理安排時間可能沒有哪種考試對時間安排的要求比聽力考試還要苛刻?！颁浺舨坏热恕?，所以很多考生答題時都很緊張。其實，聽力考試每分鐘閱讀的字?jǐn)?shù)和停頓時間有嚴(yán)格限制：約每分鐘140詞，每個問題后有約15秒停頓。聽力是一種Paraphrase考試Paraphrase就是運用同類詞語的替換或句型的變換解釋句或段的意義。聽力考試多數(shù)時候是一種paraphrase考試，它往往考的不是考生是否聽見，而是考考生是否聽懂。把命題中的對話和段落原封不動地照搬到答案里，等著考生把它挑出來，這種題型幾乎找不到。絕大多數(shù)題目，要求考生把聽到的原文進(jìn)行變換和歸納，對應(yīng)到選項中。聽懂語調(diào)和重音英語和漢語一樣，說話人通過各種各樣的語調(diào)和重音的變化表達(dá)不同的意思。專業(yè)的錄音人更是力求表演得真實，他們絕不會用平淡的語調(diào)表示自己的驚訝，也絕不會把重音放在無關(guān)緊要的詞上。重讀的每一處都具有提示作用。因而，從錄音人的表現(xiàn)中就能推測出人物的心理活動、觀點和態(tài)度。重音和語調(diào)是最為重要的線索。PracticeDictationDirections:Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbereadatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings，thepassagewillbereadsentencebysentence，orphrasebyphrase，withintervalsof15seconds．Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork．Youwillthenbegiven2minutestocheckthroughyourworkoncemore．EcotourismNowadaysmanyofustrytoliveinawaythatwilldamagetheenvironmentaslittleaspossible.Werecycleournewspapersandbottles;wetakepublictransporttogettowork;andwetrytobuylocallyproducedfruitandvegetables.Andwewanttotaketheseattitudesonholidaywithus.Thisiswhyalternativeformsoftourismarebecomingpopularintheworld.Therearelotsofnamesforthesenewformsoftourism：responsibletourism，naturetourism，adventuretourism，educationaltourismandmore.Althougheveryonemayhaveadifferentdefinition，mostpeopleagreethatthesenewformsoftourismshoulddothefollowing:

first，theyshouldconservethewildlifeandcultureofthearea;second，theyshouldbenefitthelocalpeople;third，theyshouldmakeaprofitwithoutdestroyingnaturalresources;andfinallytheyshouldprovideanexperiencethattouristswanttopayfor.LongConversations1.TheEthicalConsumerResearchAssociationwillprovideinformationtoshoppersonAproductprice．Bproductquality．Cmanufacturers．Dproductionmethods．2.Accordingtotheconversation，anethicalshoppershouldAaskforothers’advicebeforebuyingthings．Bconsidertheworthofsomethingtobebought．Cpostponebuyingthingswheneverpossible．Dsearchforthingsthatarelesscostly．3.Accordingtotheconversation，ethicalshopperscanbebestdescribedasAshrewdBthriftyCextravagantDcautiouscbb4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaboutMary？ASheisenjoyingherlanguagestudy．BSheisenjoyinghermanagementstudy.CSheisnotfeelingverywellatthemoment．DSheisnothappyaboutherstudypressure5.WhatdoesMarythinkofthecourseinitially？AItisuseful．BItisdifficult．CItischallenging．DItisinteresting．6.WhatisMary’sproblemoflivinginafamilyhouse？AShedislikesthefoodsheeats．BSheisunabletosleepwell．CShehasnochancetomakefriends.DShefindstherenthigh．7.WhichofthefollowingisMr．Davies’advice？ATotrytomakemorefriends．BTotrytochangeaccommodation．CTospendmoretimeonEnglish．DTostopattendinglanguageclasses．dacb8.Accordingtotheconversation，thedayisspecialbecauseAmanypeoplearesurfingthenetonthatday．Bitisananniversaryoftheinternet.Cthenetbroughtaboutnochangesuntilthatday．Dbigchangeswilltakeplaceonthatday．9.WelearnfromtheconversationthatpeopleAcannotJivewithouttheinternet．Bcannotworkwithouttheinternet．Callusetheinternettokeepintouch．Dhavevariedopinionsaboutinternetuse．10.Attheendoftheconversation．thespeakerstalkaboutAthefutureoftheinternet．Bthetypeofofficefurniture．Cwhenchangeswillcome．Dhowpeoplewillusetheinternet．bda11．Inordertoopenabankaccount，youneedtoproduce____inadditiontoyourpassport．A．a(chǎn)librarycard

B．a(chǎn)registrationform

C．a(chǎn)telephonebillD．a(chǎn)receipt12．WhichofthefollowingmightNOTbeincludedinthe“utilitybill”?

A．Rent．B．Gas．C．Water．D．Telephone．13．Accordingtothepassage，whatcanonedointhepostoffice?

A．Gettingcontactdetails．B．Obtainingtaxforms．

C．Payinghousingrents．

D．Applyingforloans．cad14．Accordingtothepassage，‘scheduling’meansthatyou

A．needtobeefficientinwork．B．planyourworkproperly．

C．trytofinishworkaheadoftime．D．knowhowtoworkinteams．15．Accordingtothepassage,oneoftheactivitiestorelaxcouldbeA．protectingwildanimals．B．spendingtimewithyourfamily．

C．learninghowtoreadefficiently．D．learninghowtodogardening．16．OneofthewaystoreducestressistoA．dobetterthananyoneelse．B．fulfillhighambitionsinone'swork．

C．workandhavereasonableaims．D．startwitharelativelylowaim．17．Accordingtothepassage，toreducestresshassomethingtodowiththefollowingEXCEPTA．one'sposition．B．one'sinterest．C．one'shealth．D．one'smood．bdca18．Accordingtothepassage，newwordstendtocomefromA．worldpolitics．B．a(chǎn)dvancesinscience．

C．a(chǎn)reasoflife．

D．a(chǎn)lltheabove．19．ThepassageexplainsthelargerandrichervocabularyofEnglishmainlyfromaviewpoint．A．historicalB．CulturalC．commercialD．colonial20．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheEnglishlanguage?

A．Itisoutdatedingrammar．B．Itacceptsnewwordsfromscience．

C．Ithasbeguntakinginnewwords．D．Ittendstoembracenewwords．dad21.Wherewasthemarblestatuefound?A.Outinthesea．

B．Insideabathhouse．

C.Onacliffalongthecoast．D．OnthecoastoutsideJerusalem．

22.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheconditionofthestatue?A.Itwasincomplete．B.Itwasrecentartwork．

C.Itwasfairlytall．

D.Itwasinpieces．da23．TherescueeffortsconcentratedmainlyonA．theU.S.—CanadaborderB．snow-strickenregions．

C．highways．

D．citystreets．24．Accordingtothenews，thelastgroupofpeoplemighthavebeenstrandedintheirvehiclesformorethan____hoursbeforebeingrescued．A．24

B．25

C．40

D．48cd1.

A.$4.

B.$5.

C.$8.

D.$10.

2.

A.Heisn'tcertain.

B.InApril.

C.InOctober.

D.BetweenAprilandOctober.3.

A.Intheclassroom.

B.Inarestaurant.

C.Inapost-office.

D.Onatrain.4.

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Agirlandherboyfriend.

C.Colleagues.

D.Friends.5.

A.Gofishing.

B.Eatout.

C.Goshopping.

D.Buyfish.DABBA6.

A.Tomdidn'tpass,althoughhehadtriedhisbest.

B.Tomjustgotapassingscore.

C.Tomgotanexcellentscore,whichwasunexpected.

D.Tomwasdisappointedathismathscore.7.

A.She'sgoingawayforawhile.

B.Shedidwellonthetest.

C.Sheworkedhardandearnedalotofmoney.

D.Shedidn'thavetoworkhardfortheexam.8.

A.Toaskthespeakertohelphim.

B.Toaskthespeakertodoitinsteadofhim.

C.Toaskthespeakertogoaway.

D.Toaskthespeakernottosayanything.BBA12.

A.Thestudentsneededoff-campusjobs.

B.Thetheaterdepartmentneededmoretalentedstudents.

C.Theoperacompanywaslookingforvolunteers.

D.Thenewdeanthoughtitwouldprovidegoodexperienceforthestudents.13.

A.Workwithanoperatroupe.

B.Workpart-timeforthedean.

C.Performontheradio.

D.Submittheirsuggestionstothedean.14.

A.Agoodsingingvoice.

B.Acommitmenttotheprojectfortwosemesters.

C.Anacademicconcentrationintheaterarts.

D.Acertaingradepointaverage.15.

A.Tochooseatopicforatermpaper.

B.Totypesomeresearchmaterials.

C.Tofindmaterialnotavailableatthemainlibrary.

D.Tolearntousethecomputersthere.DACC要素一、精聽

堅持每天花半小時精聽，不要間斷。建議至少聽三輪：第一輪：將沒有聽清楚和明白的地方標(biāo)注出來。第二輪：第一輪中標(biāo)注的地方仔細(xì)聽，直到聽懂，修改第一輪的答案。然后對照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，錯誤地方的認(rèn)真分析，標(biāo)注。第三輪：邊聽邊寫下內(nèi)容，可以先嘗試短對話，再寫寫長對話，寫完后對照原文，查漏補缺。精聽的內(nèi)容可以選擇模擬題或05年以前的真題，剩下的真題留到后期做整套的檢測。要素二、泛聽

泛聽的內(nèi)容就不用局限于考試題型了。VOA，英音版《新概念》第二冊或第三冊，以及英文歌曲都可以作為泛聽材料。吃飯時，睡覺前都可以聽，不要求每句話都聽懂，主要是讓自己的耳朵適應(yīng)英語語言環(huán)境。下載一批到自己手機里，這批聽的大概意思都差不多能聽明白時就換下一批。要素三、掌握一定的聽力技巧

聽力基礎(chǔ)能力的提升固然重要，但對于要迫切通過四六級的考生來說，技巧的掌握可使大家通關(guān)事半功倍。短文與短對話題型的小技巧。1、聽什么就選什么：視聽一致，邊聽邊選，一一對應(yīng)。2、順序原則：注意題目和文章的考點有先后順序?qū)?yīng)的關(guān)系。3、解釋原則：針對超綱的重要單詞，如果是考點，后面會給出具體的解釋。比如，03年9月份passage2，開頭單詞graffiti。4、轉(zhuǎn)折和對比原則：轉(zhuǎn)折典型詞匯：如but，however，neverthe