NEWPRACTICALCOLLEGEENGLISH“十二五”職業(yè)教育國(guó)家規(guī)劃教材目錄

UNITONECollegeLifeObjectivesAfterstudyingthisunit,thestudentsareexpectedtobeableto1.greetpeopleinEnglishappropriatelyandmakeintroductions.2.retellthemainideaofthepassage.3.usethecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadjectivesandadverbsinsentences.4.translatewordswithmultiplemeanings.5.fillinpersonaldataforms.BackgroundknowledgeThetoptenuniversitiesintheworldTheyareUniversityofCambridge,UniversityofOxford,HarvardUniversity,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,StanfordUniversity(USA),UniversityofTokyo,PrincetonUniversity(USA),CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyandImperialCollegeofLondon.Hereweonlybrieflintroducethefirstfiveuniversitiestoyou.

ListeningandSpeakingSupplementarywordsandexpressionsSuggestionsforteachersGreetingandIntroductionOralPracticeFunctional-sentenceBankDepartments,specialtiesandcourses電子工程Electronics機(jī)電MachineryandElectronics服裝設(shè)計(jì)Garments建筑工程ArchitectureEngineering藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)ArtDesigning汽車Automobiles社會(huì)科學(xué)SocialScience環(huán)境保護(hù)EnvironmentalProtection園林建筑學(xué)LandscapeArchitecture城市規(guī)劃UrbanPlanning農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貯藏加工StorageandProcess森林學(xué)Forestry園藝系DepartmentofHorticultureScienceSupplementarywordsandexpressions畜牧獸醫(yī)系DepartmentofAnimalHusbandry&VeterinaryMedicine農(nóng)業(yè)工程系DepartmentofAgricultureEngineering服裝設(shè)計(jì)與工程FashionDesigning&Project汽車工藝與維修CarCraft&Maintenance網(wǎng)絡(luò)與信息技術(shù)NetTechnique&InformationProcessing國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易InternationalEconomy&Trade電視新聞采訪與編輯InterviewingandEditingofTVNews報(bào)紙編輯學(xué)ScienceonNewspaperEditing廣告學(xué)AdvertisingListeningandSpeakingDirections:Youwillheartwoshortconversationsinthissection.Eachconversationwillbespokentwice.Listencarefullyanddotheexercises.Task1FillintheblankswiththewordsyouhearinConversation1.Lily：

,Frank.Frank:Hi,Lily.

yourholiday?Lily:Oh,Ienjoyeditverymuch.I

alotinEurope.Howaboutyou?Frank:Ididapart-timejobtogainsome

experience.Lily:Sowebothhadabusyholiday.HiHowwastraveledworkListeningandSpeakingTask2ListentoConversation2anddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(also(F).1.KathyandMikearefriends.2.Mikemajorsinengineering.3.Kathyisanewstudent.4.MikewantstoknowKathy’simpressionabouttheschool.5.Kathydoesn’tliketheteachersintheschool.ListeningScriptMike:It’syou!Whatbringsyouhere,Kathy?Kathy:Hi,Mike.IamanewstudenthereandImajorinengineering.Mike:Congratulations!Howdoyouliketheschool?Kathy:Ijustloveit.It’ssobeautifulandtheteachersherearesonice.ListeningandSpeakingDirections:Youwillheartwosituationaldialoguesinthissection.Eachdialoguewillbespokentwice.Listencarefullyanddotheexercises.Task1ListentoDialogue1andanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Howmanyspeakersarethereinthedialogue?Whoarethey?Three,They’reRoss,AnnaandPeter.2.Amongthespeakers,whoarefriends?3.Whoisaseniorstudent?4.WhoisAnna’sclassmate?5.WhereisRossfrom?ListeningScriptAnna:Hi,Ross.Ross:Hi,Anna.Anna:Iwantyoutomeetsomefriendsofmine.ThisismyfriendPeter.Heisaseniorstudenthere.Ross:Nicetomeetyou.Anna:AndthisismyclassmateRoss.Peter:Nicetomeetyou.Ross:Whereareyoufrom,Peter?Peter:I’mfromCalifornia.Howaboutyou?Ross:I’mfromCanada.ListeningandSpeakingTask2ListentoDialogue2andmakeyourchoice.1.Helenthinkstheschool.A.hastoomanytreesB.hastoomanyflowersC.isbeautifulD.isverybig2.Theteachersoftheschoolareexpectedtobe.A.beautifulB.professionalandqualifiedC.professionalD.qualified3.WhydoesthestudentwanttotakethePRETCOleveltestthisyear?A.BecauseHelentoldhimtotakeit.B.Becausehisparentswanthimtodoit.C.Becausehewantstotakethetest.D.BecausehewantstoputmoreattentiontoPETSnextyear.ListeningandSpeaking

4.WhatisHelen’splanforthisterm?A.Shehasn’tgotaplanyet.B.ShewantstopassthePETStest.C.ShewantstopassthePRETCOtest.D.Shewillpaymoreattentiontospecializedcourses.5.Accordingtotheconversation,whydothestudentsliketheschool?A.Becauseitisverybig.B.Becauseithasmanytreessurroundingthelake.C.Becauseitisbeautiful.D.Becauseitisnotonlybeautifulbutalsohasmanygoodteachers.ListeningScriptTom:Hi,Helen,Whatdoyouthinkofourschool?Helen:It’sverybeautifulwithsomanytreesandflowers.It’sjustlikeagarden.Tom:Yeah.AndIhavebeentoldthattheteachershereareveryprofessionalandqualified.Helen:It’ssonicetohavebeenadmittedtosuchaschool.Haveyougotanyplanforthefirstterm?Tom:Isurelyhave.AseniorstudenttoldmethatI’dbettertaketheleveltestthisyearsothatIcouldhaveenoughtimeforthepreparationofPETSnextyear.Howaboutyou?Helen:MyparentsandIthinkthatIshouldpaymoreattentiontospecializedcourses.YouknowIdon’twanttofailtopassthetermexaminations.Tom:Me,either.ListeningandSpeaking

ListeningandSpeakingDirections:Readloudlyandfluently.Alice:Hello,Kate!Longtimenosee!Howwasyourholiday?Kate:Hi!Nicetoseeyouhere!Ihadabusyholiday.Alice:Oh,Kate,thisisLucy,myroommate,andLucy,thisisKate,mymiddleschoolclassmate.Lucy:Nicetomeetyou,Kate!I’mfromNewYorkCityinNewYork.Whataboutyou?Kate:Nicetomeetyou,too!I’mfromMiamiinFlorida.Lucy:Imajorinengineering.Whataboutyou?Kate:Mymajorisurbanplanning.Lucy:Oh,it’sahotmajor.Alice:We’regoingtothelibrary.Willyoujoinus?Kate:Certainly..ListeningandSpeakingActivity1

Directions:Workinpairs.Supposethisisyourfirstschooldayatcollege.Youmeetanewstudentandneedtomakeself-introductiontoeachother.Studythesituationaldialoguescarefullyandimitatetheirtheme,sentencepatternsandstylestryingtousethefollowingsentencepatterns.I’m…./mynameis…/I’m…from…Imajorin…I’mfrom…(District/School…),Ilike–ing…/myhobbyis…Ithinkthisschoolis…ListeningandSpeakingActivity2Directions:

Workinpairs.Pleasemakeupyourowndialoguesbasedonthefollowingsituations,andyoumayrefertothesentencesinFunctional-sentenceBank.Task1Directions:Youareatahomecomingandseefivegoodfriendsagain.Sayhellotothemandtalkaboutsweetmemorieswhenyouwereclassmates.Task2Directions:Youmeetyourschoolpresidentoncampus.Greethim/herfirstthensaybyetohim/her.Task3Directions:Yousetupasituationofyourownwithyourpartnerandmakeupadialogue.ListeningandSpeakingGreetingsFunctional-sentenceBankMorning/Afternoon/Evening.早上好/下午好/晚上好。Howareyou(today)?您(今天)還好嗎？Howiseverything?一切如何？Howhaveyoubeen?您近來好嗎？Howwasyourholiday?假期過的怎么樣？Whatbringsyouhere?什么風(fēng)把您吹來了？Longtimenosee.好久不見！Nice/Delighted/Pleasedtomeetyou.很高興認(rèn)識(shí)您。Fine,thanks.Andyou?還好，謝謝！您呢？Iamfine,thankyou!Andyou?我很好，謝謝！您呢？Justfine.還好。Nottoogood,I’mafraid.我覺得情況不是很妙。Asusual.老樣子。YoucancallmeBill.叫我“比爾”好了。Nice/Delighted/Pleasedtomeetyou，too.我也很高興認(rèn)識(shí)您。(Oftensaidwhileshakinghands)RespondingtoGreetingsWhatisyourname?您叫什么名字？Wheredoyoucomefrom?您從哪里來？Doyouliveinthecity?您住城里嗎？Whatdoyoudotomakealiving?您做什么工作？Whatdoyoudo?您做什么工作？Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?您家有幾口人？Howbigisyourfamily?您家有幾口人？Doyouhavebrothersorsisters?您有兄弟姐妹？AskingforpersonalinformationI’m...buteveryonecallsme...我叫……，你就叫我……好了。Icomefrom...我來自于……Therearefourpeopleinmyfamily.我家有四口人。Iamalawyer.我是律師。Iliveinthecountryside.我住在鄉(xiāng)村。RespondingtopersonalquestionsHello,mynameis...您好，我叫……Hi,Iam...您好，我叫……Howdoyoudo?Mynameis...您好，我叫……Allowmetointroducemyself.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我做個(gè)自我介紹。IntroducingsomebodyI’dlike/wantyoutomeet...我想給您介紹一下……I’dliketointroduce...toyou.我想給您介紹一下……IntroducingyourselfHello,mynameis...您好，我叫……Hi,Iam...您好，我叫……Howdoyoudo?Mynameis...您好，我叫……Allowmetointroducemyself.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我做個(gè)自我介紹。IntroducingyourselfI’dlike/wantyoutomeet...我想給您介紹一下……I’dliketointroduce...toyou.我想給您介紹一下……Thisis...這位是……Allowmetointroduce...請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我為大家介紹……Letmeintroduce...我想給您介紹一下……It’swithgreatpleasurethatIintroduce...toyou.我非常榮幸的為您介紹……IntroducingsomebodyPleased/Gladtomeetyou.很高興認(rèn)識(shí)您。Howdoyoudo?您好！I’velongheardaboutyou.久仰，久仰。Iamverygladtohavetheopportunitytomeetyou.非常高興能有機(jī)會(huì)和您認(rèn)識(shí)。It’sapleasuretomeetyou.很高興認(rèn)識(shí)您（可握手時(shí)用）。（oftensaidwhileshakinghands）RespondingtoanintroductionListeningandSpeakingLearningTips英語口語學(xué)習(xí)方法（一）(Imitation)提高英語口語能力要學(xué)會(huì)模仿。模仿要注意做到四點(diǎn)。要大方，模仿時(shí)要大大方方，清清楚楚，口形要到位；要細(xì)心，仔細(xì)模仿要有耐心，優(yōu)美的語音、語調(diào)不是短期模仿所能達(dá)到的，需要一段時(shí)間；有恒心，達(dá)到逼真模仿的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短取決于學(xué)習(xí)者專心和用功程度。TextAHighSchoolvs.CollegePre-readingtask:discussthefollowingquestions1.Whatdidyouimaginethecollegelifewouldbelikebeforeenteringacollege?2.What’syourimpressionofyournewcollege?3.Isthereanydifferencebetweencollegelifeandhighschoollife?①Nowyouareacollegestudent.Haveyousensedthedifferencebetweenhighschoolandcollege?②Beingafirst-yearcollegestudentisfun!Unlikehighschool,whereyourfirstyearisusuallyfilledwithanxiety,collegeshelpfirst-yearstudentstobuildastrongbondamongclassmembers.Attendasmanycoursesaspossible.Itwillmakeyourcollegetransitioneasierifyoualreadyhavebondswithyourclassmates.sensen.感覺，判斷力，意義，理性；vt.感到，理解，認(rèn)識(shí)haveagoodbusinesssense有經(jīng)濟(jì)頭腦asenseofhonour名譽(yù)心senseofhumor幽默感asenseofsight(hearing,smell,taste,touch)視覺(聽覺，嗅覺，味覺，觸覺)asenseofduty責(zé)任感senseofdirection方向感commonsense常識(shí)(理)ahighsenseofresponsibility高度的責(zé)任感Themanagersensedthathisproposalswereunwelcome.句子解析：Unlikehighschool,whereyourfirstyearisusuallyfilledwithanxiety,collegeshelpfirstyearstudentstobuildastrongbondamongclassmembers.unlikeadj.不同的，不相似的；prep.不像……，和……不同。Forsisters，theyareveryunlikeincharacter.作為姐妹，她們性格很不一樣。Unliketherestofherfamily，she’sveryshy.不同于她家里的其他成員，她很害羞。where關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，此句中修飾school。③Atcollegeyouwillbeinanewlearningenvironment.Youarenolongerapassivelearnerwhojustsitsandlistenstoateacher.Youareexpectedtofigureoutonyourownwhatisimportant.Incollegeyourprofessorsareexpectingyoutovoiceyourthoughts.Participatingactivitiesandprovidingyourownperspectiveandanalysisiskeytosuccessinthecollege-learningenvironment.1.Youareexpectedtofigureoutonyourownwhatisimportant.expectsb.todo期望某人做某事。如：Themanagerexpectedhismentodotheirduty.經(jīng)理期望他的部下盡職。2.Incollegeyourprofessorsareexpectingyoutovoiceyourthoughts.voice在此句中用作動(dòng)詞，表示“表達(dá)，吐露”。如：Thespeakervoicedthefeelingsoftheaudience.演講者表達(dá)了觀眾的感受。voice還可作名詞，表示“說話聲，嗓音”。如：Idon’tlikethekindofteachersspeakingatthetopoftheirvoice.我不喜歡扯著嗓門講話的老師。④Inaddition,youshouldlearntobalanceacademicandsociallife.Thisbalanceissomethingthatmostlikelyyourparentshelpedyouwithinhighschool.Nowthatyouareincollege,youcannolongerrelyonyourparentsforstructure,rules,oracademicmotivation.Allofthesearenowinyourhands.Anarrayofeveningandweekendactivitiesisopentoyou.Whileitisgoodtoexplorenewsurroundingsandtakeadvantageofsocialopportunities,itisimportantthatyoucutouttimetofocusonyourstudies.句子解析：1.Thisbalanceissomethingthatmostlikelyyourparentshelpedyouwithinhighschool.that關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾something。當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞時(shí)，須用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：Theoldwomanseemstohaveforgotteneverythingthatisrelatedtoherpast.這位老太太似乎把過去有關(guān)的一切都忘光了。④近義詞辨析：likely,possible,probable意思都含“可能的”。likely為常用詞，指“從表面跡象來看很有可能”，主語可以是人、物或事情。如：Thelikelyoutcomeofthecontestvariesfrommomenttomoment.比賽結(jié)果可能每分鐘都在變化。Theflightislikelytobelateduetothefog.由于大霧這趟航班很可能晚點(diǎn)。LiuXiangismostlikelytowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.劉翔最有希望在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲金牌。possible指“由于有適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件和方法，某事可能發(fā)生或做到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“客觀上有可能”，但常含有“實(shí)際希望很小”的意思，一般不用人做主語，通常用于Itispossibletodo...Itispossiblethat...句型中，如:Itispossibletogotothemoonnow.現(xiàn)在有可能登上月球。Itispossiblethathehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.他可能沒告別就走了。probable語氣比possible強(qiáng)，指“有根據(jù)、合情理、值得相信的事物，帶有“大概”、“很可能”的意思，如:Idon’tthinkthestoryisprobable.我覺得那故事不大可能。ItisprobablethatMaryhasforgottenourappointment.瑪麗很可能忘了我們的約會(huì)了。句子解析：Nowthatyouareincollege,youcannolongerrelyonyourparentsforstructure,rules,oracademicmotivation.nowthat連詞，“既然”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。如：Now(that)headmitshismistake,don’tblamehimanymore.既然他已承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤了，就不要再責(zé)備他了。句子解析：Whileitisgoodtoexplorenewsurroundingsandtakeadvantageofsocialopportunities,itisimportantthatyoucutouttimetofocusonyourstudies.while連詞，可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句（“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”）和讓步狀語從句（“雖然”）。此句中屬后者。如：WhileIunderstandwhatthepicturemeans，Ican’tputitinwords.雖然我理解這幅畫的含義，但我表達(dá)不出來。that連接代詞，引導(dǎo)主語從句。it為形式主語。在Itisimportant/necessary...that...從句中一般用虛擬語氣，即謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)+do形式。如：Itisnecessarythatyoushouldenlargeyourvocabulary.你應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大詞匯量。⑤Finallyyouwillliveoncampus.Unlessyouarecomingfromaboardingschool,youmostlikelywillneedtoadapttolifewithroommates.Aroommateisactuallyagreatbenefitincollege.Thefirstfewweeksofcollegecanbealonelytimeyouareinanewplacewithnewsurroundings.Aroommatecankeepyoucompanyandwillhelpyouadapttocollegelifesoonbecauseyouareadaptingtogether.1.Unlessyouarecomingfromaboardingschool，youmostlikelywillneedtoadapttolifewithroommates.unless連詞，“如果不，除非”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,如：Iwillgotothepicnicwithyouunlessitrains.如果不下雨，我會(huì)和你去野餐。Usefulexpressions1.figureout想出；弄清楚；了解e.g.Wemustfigureouthowtosolvetheproblem.我們必須想出辦法解決這個(gè)問題。2.onone’sown獨(dú)自地；獨(dú)立地；主動(dòng)地e.g.Thepooroldladyhaslivedonherownfortwentyyears.這位可憐的老婦人已獨(dú)自生活20年了。3.nolonger不再e.g.Hefollowedthedoctor’sadviceandnolongersmoked.他聽從了醫(yī)生的建議再也沒吸煙。4.relyon依賴；依靠e.g.InChinanearlyallstudentsrelyontheirparentsfortuition.在中國(guó)，幾乎所有學(xué)生都靠父母為他們交學(xué)費(fèi)。5.inone’shands在……掌握中；交托給；由……處理（負(fù)責(zé)）；被……控制e.g.Thisskyscraperisinthehandsofafamousdesignerandourchiefengineer.這座摩天大樓由一位著名的設(shè)計(jì)師和我們的總工程師共同負(fù)責(zé)Usefulexpressions6.anarrayof一排；一群；一批e.g.anarrayofheavilyarmedtroops一批全副武裝的部隊(duì)；anarrayofspareparts大批零配件7.takeadvantageof利用e.g.He’stakingadvantageofalleducationalopportunitiestoimprovehimself.他在利用一切受教育的機(jī)會(huì)來提高自己。8.cutout刪掉；切掉；裁剪出；停止e.g.Youshouldcutouttheunimportantdetails.你應(yīng)該刪掉不重要的細(xì)節(jié)。9.focuson集中e.g.Youmusttrytofocusyourmindonworkandstudy.你應(yīng)該努力把思想集中在工作和學(xué)習(xí)上。10.adaptto適合e.g.Hefinallyadaptedhimselftothecoldweatherinthenorth.他最終適應(yīng)了北方寒冷的天氣11.pany陪伴某人e.g.Amanisknownbythecompanyhekeeps.(prov.)【諺】觀其友知其人。12.inaddition另外e.g.Inaddition,Ineedanassistantandanewcomputertofinishthistask.另外，完成這項(xiàng)工作我還需要一位助手和一臺(tái)電腦。TextAHighSchoolvs.CollegeActivity2Sumupthemeaningofeachparagraphusingonesentence.Model:Para.2:Itdescribesdifferentfeelingaboutenteringahighschoolfromenteringacollege.Nowyoutry:Para.3:Itdescribesthedifferenceinlearningenvironment.

Para.4:Itdescribesthedifferenceinsociallife.Para.5:Itdescribesthedifferentlivingenvironment.

Ifyoucompletetheabove,youhaveunderstoodthemainideaofthepassage.TextAHighSchoolvs.CollegeReadingskills:表達(dá)文章主題思想的句子即主題句。一般情況下，每段文章都有主題句。而大部分段落的主題句都位于段首，即每段的第一句話。所以，可通過讀首段、中間每段首句和最后一段的方法，快速找到文章的主題。因?yàn)橐话阕h論文和說明文都要求在第一段提出觀點(diǎn)、突出中心，因此首段是文章的總綱，確定了其中心內(nèi)容。而最后一段常常呼應(yīng)第一段，總結(jié)并強(qiáng)調(diào)文章的主題。主題句的位置有4種分別用不同符號(hào)表示：每個(gè)自然段的第一句，▽；每個(gè)自然段的最后一句，△；段落中間，

；有時(shí)主題句是兩句話，即自然段的第一句和自然段的最后一句，△；有時(shí)，主題句隱含在文章中，需要考生從字里行間去體會(huì)歸納主題思想，□。一般情況下，演繹性的文章主題句多在段首，而歸納性的文章主題句則常在段尾。主題句出現(xiàn)在段落中間時(shí)，作者往往會(huì)用一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞來引起讀者對(duì)主題句的注意。TextAHighSchoolvs.CollegeActivity3Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofwordsgiveninbrackets.1.Wehaveallbeenanxious(anxiety)abouthissafetysincehehasgonetothewildforestforatrip.自從他去原始森林旅行，我們就一直為他的安全擔(dān)心。解析：beanxiousabout/forsth.為……而憂慮/擔(dān)心析：liketo后通常用動(dòng)詞原形，括號(hào)里的詞為名詞，故需改成動(dòng)詞participate。TextAHighSchoolvs.College2.Helikestoparticipate(participation)inallkindsofactivitiesoncampus.他喜歡參加學(xué)校里各種活動(dòng)。TextAHighSchoolvs.College3.Theexpertanalyzed(analysis)themeatandfounditcontainedtoomuchwater.專家對(duì)肉進(jìn)行了分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)含水太多。析：expert是句子的主語，故橫線處應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞，括號(hào)里的詞為名詞，故需改成動(dòng)詞analyze；另外，根據(jù)后面found過去時(shí)，可判斷此處也用過去時(shí)，故答案為analyzed。5.Weusuallyfeelmorepleasureand

motivation

(motivate)toworkonwhatwecandobest.我們通常在做能做到最好的工作時(shí)能感受到更快樂和更有動(dòng)力。4.Thisprofessorisfamousforhis

academic

(academic)research.這個(gè)教授因其學(xué)術(shù)研究而聞名。析：research是名詞，需用形容詞修飾，故需用形容詞academic。析：與名詞pleasure并列做feel賓語，故答案也同為名詞motivation。Activity4TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.如果你已經(jīng)有博士學(xué)位了，就會(huì)更容易找到工作。(Itwillmake…ifyoualready…)Itwillmakeyourfindingajobeasierifyouhaveadoctor’sdegree.2.她不再是一個(gè)只懂演戲的不知名的女演員了。(Youarenolonger…whojust…)Youarenolongeranunknownactresswhojustknowsacting.3.既然你已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了健康，就不能再繼續(xù)像以前那樣酗酒了。(Nowthatyou…,youcannolonger…)Nowthatyouhaverecoveredyoucannolongergoondrinkingasbefore.4.雖然你能提前完成任務(wù)很好，但重要的是你要保證工作質(zhì)量。(Whileitisgoodto…,itisimportantthatyou…)Whileitisgoodtofinishthetaskinadvance,itisimportantthatyouensurethequalityofyourwork.5.如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)，你很可能通不過期末考試。(Unlessyouare…,youmostlikelywillneedto…)Unlessyouwork/studyhard,youmostlikelywillnotpassthefinalexamination.CultureTips大學(xué)社團(tuán)(CollegeClubs)在美國(guó)的大學(xué)中，學(xué)生們?yōu)榱嗽鲞M(jìn)感情，組成一種社團(tuán)，若是男生組成的，就被稱為兄弟會(huì)（fraternity）；女生組成的，則稱之為姐妹會(huì)（sorority）。入會(huì)資格限制得很嚴(yán)，不僅功課要好，其他方面也要很優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生才可入會(huì)。在新學(xué)期開始的九月左右，會(huì)舉行招收新會(huì)員的晚會(huì)或同樂會(huì)（rushparty）。每個(gè)社團(tuán)都盡力吸引希望加入的新生，而每個(gè)新生也都竭盡所能地一展所長(zhǎng)，以爭(zhēng)取入會(huì)。TextBCopingwiththeStressofStudyingAbroad①Studyingabroadtendstoleadtohomesicknessandcultureshock.②Thefirstsignsofstartingtosettledowninaforeigncountryarenotthatyoustarttofeelcomfortablewiththeplacebutthatyoustarttohateit.Moststudentsbegintothinkwhyonearththeylefthomeinthefirstplace.解析：Thefirstsignsofstartingtosettledowninaforeigncountryarenotthatyoustarttofeelcomfortablewiththeplacebutthatyoustarttohateit.分析:結(jié)構(gòu)not…but…表示“不是……而是……”;此句包含兩個(gè)表語從句：thatyoustarttofeelcomfortablewiththeplace和thatyoustarttohateit。③Howtocopewithhomesickness?④Forastart,talktootherpeopleaboutyourplace;tellthemaboutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenyourcountryandtheirs.⑤Talktoyourinternationalstudentadvisorsaboutyourproblems.Everyworthwhilecollegehasadvisorswhoaremorethanwillingtolistentotheproblemsofforeignstudents.Goodadvisorsaremorethanhappytochatwithnewstudentsandtoseehowtheycanhelpthemgetovertheirproblems.⑥Takepartinallcollegeprogramsandtogetinvolvedincollegelifeasquicklyaspossible.Mostcollegeshaveprogramsdesignedtohelpinternationalstudentsbringtheirculturetothecollege.⑦M(jìn)eetingotherinternalstudentsisagoodwayofdealingwiththeproblemandgettingoveryourhomesickness.⑧Thesecondproblemiscultureshock,asatfirsteverythinginthenewcountryseemsunusualandprettysoonthenewplacebecomesoverwhelming.Moststudentsarenotamusedwhentheytrytobuysomethingandtheshopkeeperdoesnotunderstandtheiraccent.Studentsgetlosteverytimetheyleavetheirhousesjustbecausethenewneighborhoodseemsstrange.⑨Soon,internationalstudentsrealizethattheyliveinadifferentcountryandthattheyHAVEtolearnquicklyhowthesystemworks,whichmeansthatthestudentnolongerstandsoutclearlyasaforeigner.⑩Gettingtoknowthelocalsisagreathelpastheyareapartofthesystemandcanprovidethestudentwithvaluabletipsonhowtodealwithavarietyofissues.?Gettingtoknowthe(new)townverywellhelpsstudentsgetaroundeasilyandmakesthemfeelmoreathome.Readingcomprehension:Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)1.Onarrivinginaforeigncountry,youstarttofeelcomfortablewiththeplace.2.Newstudentscanasktheirinternationalstudentadvisorsforadvice.3.Everycollegehasprogramsdesignedtohelpinternationalstudents.4.Cultureshockmeansbeingafraidoflivinginorvisitinganothercountry.5.It’shelpfulforinternationalstudentstoknowwellthelocalsandthetown.TextCFirstWeekofBeingaCollegeStudentThistextisdesignedtoexpandstudents’readingandvocabulary.Nowordsandexpressionsarelisted.Studentscanself-studyitwiththehelpofadictionary.Teachercangivethemsomeassignments.TextCFirstWeekofBeingaCollegeStudentDuringthefirstweekofbeingacollegestudent…OfCourseYouAreOverwhelmed.Youareabouttoleaveyourhome.Itmaybeagreatadventure,andyouwillfinallyhaveyourownplace.Youcanhangpicturesofanythinganywhereyouwant.Noonewillseethemagazinesunderyourbedunlessyousharethem.Youcanlistentoanymusicyouwant,andeveryonewillmostlikelyloveit!Nobodyisnaggingyoutoeatheathily,orworryingifyourclothesareironedandputaway.Youcantakeashoweroryoudon’thaveto.Youcancomeinat1:00a.m.Whocares?Thiswillbefantastic!!!Thefirstnightyoudon’tsleepsowell.Youthinkit’sthebed.Youarenotusedtoa“cot”.Youarenotsureyouareeatingwell.Maybethat’swhyyouarefeelinganxious.Youarestartingtowonderwhatmomanddadaredoing.Youdecidetotextthembuttheydon’tanswerrightaway.Wherecouldtheybe?Theyarealwayshome.Thesearejustafewthoughtsracingthroughyourheadthefirstweekofcollege.Didyoubiteofftoomuch?Areyougoingtobeabletosucceed?Youfeelsomepanicasyouknownotallofthesefirstyearstudentswillmakeitthroughthefirstyear.Youbegintoremembersomeofthepointersyouheardmomanddadgiveyoubeforeyoubeginyourfirstyear.Collegecanbeoverwhelmingattimes,butitisalsooneofthemostexcitingtimeinyourlife.Rememberthefirstthreeweeksofalife-stylechangeareusuallytheroughest.Itwillhelpyoualottodowhathasbroughtcomforttoyouinthepast,orfocusonreadingandlearningnewskills.Thiswillhelpyoualottogetusedtothecollegelife.Grammar（AdjectivesandAdverbs)(一)形容詞的用法形容詞是用來修飾或限定名詞或代詞的詞。它可以用來描述人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，在句中可以作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語，如：Heissuchanhonestpersonthatwealltrusthim.他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，我們大家都信任他。（作定語）ItisimportantforcollegestudentstomasterEnglish.掌握英語對(duì)大學(xué)生們來說是重要的。（作表語）Theevidenceprovedhiminnocent.證據(jù)證明他是無辜的。（作補(bǔ)語）2.形容詞后置在下列情況下，形容詞通常位于被修飾詞之后：1)當(dāng)形容詞修飾由some,any,every,no等詞構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)，如：Anyoneresponsiblecanbeinchargeofthisproject.任何有責(zé)任感的人都能負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。2)當(dāng)充當(dāng)定語的是形容詞短語時(shí)，如：Theyarelookingforemployeesgoodatcomputer.他們正在招聘擅長(zhǎng)計(jì)算機(jī)的員工。3)當(dāng)形容詞與表示度量的詞或詞組連用時(shí)，如：tenmeterslong，twoyearsold，tenfeetdeep(三)多個(gè)形容詞前置作定語時(shí)的排列順序多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~——數(shù)詞——描繪詞(短詞在前長(zhǎng)詞在后)——表特征的形容詞（大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色）——出處——表類屬的形容詞（專有形容詞，表材料和質(zhì)地的形容詞），如：thatblackAmericancar，asmallroundwoodentable，abeautifulgreensilkydress(一)副詞的用法副詞是一種用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的詞，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。副詞在句中主要充當(dāng)狀語，有時(shí)也可以用作表語和補(bǔ)語，如：Itissnowingoutside;you’dbetterdrivecarefully.外面在下雪，你最好小心駕駛。（作狀語）Nobodywashomeyesterday.昨天家里沒有人。（作表語）Iwanttoaskyououttonight.我今晚想約你出去。（作補(bǔ)語）(二)副詞的位置副詞在句中的位置比較靈活，現(xiàn)將幾種常見情況歸納如下：1.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常位于動(dòng)詞之后，如有賓語則位于賓語之后（如果賓語部分較長(zhǎng)，副詞也可以放在動(dòng)詞與賓語之間），如：Youshoulddoyourhomeworkcarefully.你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真做作業(yè)。2.表示否定或頻度的副詞通常置于普通動(dòng)詞之前，但要放在助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞之后，如：Ialwaysgotovisitmyparentsatweekends.我總是在周末去看望父母。3.副詞修飾形容詞或副詞通常放在該形容詞或副詞的前面，如：Iamparticularlycuriousaboutthisstrangephenomenon.我對(duì)于這種奇怪的現(xiàn)象尤其感到好奇。注：enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，位于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。4.修飾全句的副詞通常位于句首，有時(shí)也可以放在句尾，如：UnfortunatelyIfailedintheexam.很遺憾，我考試沒及格。(三)多個(gè)副詞的排列順序1.多個(gè)時(shí)間副詞或地點(diǎn)副詞連用時(shí)，要遵循小單位在前，大單位在后的原則，如：IcametotheUnitedStatesinDecember1990.我于1990年12月來到美國(guó)。2.多個(gè)方式副詞連用時(shí)，短的在前，長(zhǎng)的在后，并用and，but等連詞連接，如:Acalculatorcancalculatefastandcorrectly.計(jì)算器算得又快又準(zhǔn)。3.不同類別的副詞連用時(shí)，要遵循程度副詞——地點(diǎn)副詞——方式副詞——時(shí)間副詞的順序，如：HewasborninBeijingtwentyyearsago.他20年前出生于北京。(一)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)