Warm-up

Discussthefollowingquestions:Whatdoyouthinkofthequalityofourenvironmentnowadays?2.Supposeyouhaveachancetoliveundergroundwhereenvironmentiscomfortableandlifeisconvenient,willyouhaveatry?Why?UnitEightTheNewCavesBeforeReading_TheIceAgesBackgroundInformationTheIceAgesListenandanswerthequestions1.Whendidtheearliestknowniceageoccurred?2.Whendidthemostrecenticeageoccurred?3.Whatweretheaveragetemperaturesduringperiodsofadvancingice?BeforeReading_TheIceAges_pop

Aniceageistheperiodintheearth’shistorywhenmovingsheetsoficecoveredlargeregionsoftheworld’slandsurface.Earthscientistsbelievethattherehavebeenseveraliceages.Theearliestknowniceageoccurredabout700millionyearsago,andthemostrecentone,usuallyreferredtoastheIceAgeorthePleistoceneIceAgebeganabout2millionyearsagoandcontinuedto10,000or15,000yearsago.ScientistshavelearnedthatIceAgeclimateschangedfromtimetotime.Duringperiodsofadvancingice,averagetemperatureswereprobablyabout10to15degreesF(about-9to-12degreesC).

■BeforeReading_MythsandLegends1MythsandLegendsDirections:Listentothefollowingparagraphandfillinthemissingwords.■Bothmythsandlegendsarestorieshandeddownfromearliesttimes.Althoughthetwowordsareoftenusedinterchangeably,mythsarestoriesaboutandlegendsstoriesaboutmen.Mythsembodythebeliefsofpeoples,andprovidedaromanticexplanationofthewondersofnaturewhenexplanationswerelacking.Naturalforceswereanddeified.Forexample,theGreeksbelievedthatthunderandlightningexpressedtheofgreatgodZeus.Legendsarestoriesconnectedwithsomeperiodinthehistoryofapeopleornation,oftencontaininganoffact.Legendsareintendedtoaheroandtellmarvelousdeedshesupposedlyperformed.traditional___________gods______primitive_________scientific_________personified____________displeasure____________element_________glorify_______BeforeReading_MythsandLegends2InChinesefolklore,thestoryofDaYuwhosucceededintheriversisalegendandthestoryofChang’EFlyingtotheMoonisa.taming________myth______GlobeReading_1PartDivisionoftheText

MainIdeasLinesParts11~13214~74375~76Theauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatsomedaywemayseektofurtherincreaseourcomfortandsecuritybybuildingourhousesunderground.Theauthorgivesfouradvantagesofundergroundlife.Livingundergroundmaybeoddbuttherearemorebenefitsofit.GlobeReading._2_Q&AQuestionsandAnswersPartOneDirections:Gothroughthefirstpartandanswerthefollowingquestions..Why,accordingtotheauthor,dohumanbeingsoftenmaketheirhomesincavesduringtheiceages?Whydoestheauthorcallourhousescaves?Whydoestheauthorthinkhissuggestionmayseemunacceptableatfirstthought?What’syourfeelingaboutundergroundliving?exposeto:

leavenolongercoveredorprotectedfrom這株小草經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹雨打。Theopen:

outdoors;intheopenairTheairintheopenisnotfreshatallbecausethecityisseriouslypolluted.戶外活動(dòng)對你有好處。Itwilldoyougoodtodoexerciseintheopen.virtually:

adv.雖然她的丈夫是國王，但事實(shí)上她才是國家的統(tǒng)治者。Virtuallyeveryonegotatoothachenowandthen.1)infactorpractically2)almost;nearlyVirtuallyshewastherulerofthecountry,althoughherhusbandwastheking.someday:

adv.atanindefinitetimeinthefutureWe'llsucceedsomeday.有朝一日我們會(huì)成功的。NB:

someday（副詞）和sometime都表示將來某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間。Someday,hemightwinaprizeforbeinganoutstandingclerk.Let'smeetsometimewhenyourschedulepermits.

Comesometime.也許有一天，他會(huì)獲得優(yōu)秀職員獎(jiǎng)。請以后再來。讓我們在您方便的某個(gè)時(shí)候見面吧。addto:increase焰火為節(jié)日的夜晚增光添色。Fireworksaddedtotheattractionofthefestivalnight.manmade:

ducedorcausedbymen,notnatural有時(shí)候人為的災(zāi)難比自然災(zāi)害更有破壞力。Sometimesmanmadedisastersareevenmoredestructivethannaturalones.GlobeReading._TableCompletionTableCompletionTheauthor’ssuggestion

Wemayseektoaddfurthertoourcomfortandsecuritybybuildingourhousesunderground.AdvantagesParagraph5Weatherwouldnolongerbeimportant.Paragraphs6~7Localtimewouldnolongerbeimportant.Paragraphs8~9Theecologicalstructurecouldbestabilized.Paragraphs10~12Naturewouldbecloser.Directions:Gooverthesecondpartquicklyandfinishthefollowingtable.PartTwoSupportingDetailsforEachAdvantage

Paragraph5Weatherwouldnolongerbeimportant.Transportationoverlocaldistancewouldbesimplified.Terribleweatherwouldnottroubletheunderground.Temperaturevariationinadayorayearwouldnotexistunderground.Energyusedforairconditioningcouldbesaved.Damagedonetostructuresandhumanbeingsbyweatherwouldbediminished.simplify:

vt.makeeasierorsimpler你的解釋對小學(xué)生來說太復(fù)雜了，盡量簡化一些。Yourexplanationistoocomplicatedforthepupils;trytosimplifyit.vary:v.

(causeto)bedifferent,change醫(yī)生說我的飲食要多樣化，不要總吃同樣的東西。MydoctorsaidthatIshouldvarymydietratherthaneatthesamethingallthetime.Collocation:

varyfrom...to...從……到……不等；在……到……之間變動(dòng)varywith隨……而變化varyinsth.在某方面不同artificial:adj.桌子上有一些人造花。Thereweresomeartificialflowersonthetable.1)manmade2)notnaturalorreal在我看來她的演技有點(diǎn)不自然。Inmyopinionheractingisabitartificial.Collocation:

artificialintelligence人工智能anartificialleg/eye/hand/tooth假肢/眼/手/牙artificialsatellite人造衛(wèi)星artificialsnow人造雪artificialmanners矯揉造作的舉止adjust:vt.Headjustedhimselfveryquicklytotheheatofthecountry.1)change,adaptorconformtonewconditions2)bringintoamoreeffectiveorefficientstate你可以旋轉(zhuǎn)這個(gè)旋鈕(knob)來調(diào)節(jié)電視機(jī)的顏色。YoucanadjustthecolorontheTVbyturningthisknob.convenience:

n.personalcomfortoradvantage;thequalityofbeingconvenientTheyboughtthishouseforconvenience;it’sneartheshopsandtherailwaystation.如果你能在方便的時(shí)候給我們回復(fù)的話，我們將十分感激。Wewouldbemostgratefulifyoucouldgiveusareplyatyourearliestconvenience.Collocation:

suitone’sconvenience 為了某人方便atyour(earliest)convenience在你方便的時(shí)候for(one’s)convenience為了（某人）方便onthestroke:

punctuallyatthetimeappointedShegoestoworkonthestrokeof8a.m.他準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)機(jī)場。Hearrivedattheairportonthestroke.gear:Educationshouldbegearedtochildren'sneeds.1.vt.adjustoradaptsoastomakesuitable(oftenusedwithto)2.n.themachineryinavehiclethatturnspowerfromtheengineintomovement傳動(dòng)裝置，齒輪教育應(yīng)適合學(xué)生們的需要。Thetruckdriverchangedgeartogoupthehill.卡車司機(jī)換檔上山坡。Collocation:

change/shiftgears換檔reversegears倒檔bottom/lowgear低速檔high/topgear高速檔ingear在正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中,已掛上齒輪stabilize:v.(causeto)becomefirm,steady,orunchangingThegovernmenthastakenmeasurestostabilizetheeconomy.為了穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)，政府已經(jīng)采取措施。toacertainextent:toacertaindegreeToacertainextentitwasmyfaultthatwelostthegame.Iagreewithyoutoacertainextent,butIstillthinkweshouldgiveupthatplan.我在一定程度上同意你的意見,但我還是覺得我們該放棄那個(gè)計(jì)劃。takeup:Thistabletakesuptoomuchspace.這張桌子占去了太多的地方。1.occupy(space,time,attention,etc.)entirelyandexclusively2.engageinHetookupartwhileatschool.

他在學(xué)校時(shí)開始對藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生興趣。recreation:n.activityforpleasureoramazement踢足球是男孩們放學(xué)后通常的娛樂活動(dòng)。Footballistheboys’usualrecreationafterschool.mindyou:

pleasenoteMindyou!Idon’tsaythatitiscertain.Ihavenoobjection,butmindyou,Ithinkitunwisetodoso.請注意，我并沒說這是肯定的。terminal:n.We’llpickyouupattherailwayterminal.這些資料將被輸入計(jì)算機(jī)終端。我們將到火車站接你。2.adevicebywhichinformationentersorleavesacomputer;oneofthepointsatwhichyoucanconnectwires1.abigbuildingwherepeoplewaittogetontoplanes,buses,orships,orwheregoodsareloadedThedatawillbefedintoacomputerterminal.Collocation:

a(n)airline/busterminal航空終點(diǎn)站/公共汽車總站shippingterminal航運(yùn)基地；碼頭倉庫afreightterminal貨運(yùn)終點(diǎn)站thepositive/negativeterminal正/負(fù)端；正極/負(fù)極接線柱occupation:n.Hehasnofixedoccupationandcanhardlykeepbodyandsoultogether.他沒有固定的職業(yè)，幾乎不能維持生活。2.holdingorpossessing1.ajob;employmentShewasborninFranceduringtheGermanoccupation.Collocation:

loseone’soccupation失業(yè)afixed/regularoccupation固定職業(yè)amainoccupation本職amilitaryoccupation軍事占領(lǐng)byoccupation以……為職業(yè)inoccupationof(aplace)占領(lǐng)（某地）undertheoccupationofsb.在某人的占領(lǐng)下elaborate:Shegaveusanelaboratedescriptionofhernewhouse.她向我們詳細(xì)描述了她的新房子。2.vi.givemoredetailsorinformation1.adj.workedoutwithgreatcare;complicated;fullofdetailThechairmanjustwantedthefacts.Youdon'tneedtoelaborateonthem.主席只想了解事實(shí),你不必作詳細(xì)說明。derivefrom:

comefrom;obtainfromWederivegreatpleasurefromourstudies.ThousandsofEnglishwordsderivefromLatin.我們從學(xué)習(xí)中得到很大的樂趣。turnover:1)bringthebottomtothetoporviceversa;rotate,cycle

（使）翻轉(zhuǎn)2)thinkabout;consider仔細(xì)考慮3)transfertoanother;givethecontrolofsth.tosb.

移交Matchthedefinitionabovewiththemeaningofthisphraseinthefollowingsentences.Hisfatherhadbeenturningtheideaoverinhismindforsometime.Thethiefwasturnedovertothepolice.Mystomachturnedover.Sheturnedovertheprobleminhermind. Hehasturnedoverhisbusinesstohisbrother.(2)(3)(1)(2)(3)restrict:vt.keeporconfinewithinlimitsSpeedisrestrictedto30mphintowns.市內(nèi)車速每小時(shí)不得超過30英里。GlobeReading._BrainstormingBrainstormingGivemoreadvantagesofundergroundlivingtheauthorhasn’tsaid.PartThreeForreference:1.Clean,filteredairisoneofthem.ThecityofLondonhasoneofthemostserioussmogproblemsintheworld.2.Youcanescapetheever-presentthreatoftrafficaccidentsonthecity'sbusystreets.3.Theconvenienceofgettingaround:you'reusuallynextto,orevenin,asubwaystation.……AfterReading_1_1theiceagesintheopenforcomfortandsecurity

atfirstthought

therealmofevilspiritsandthedeadvolcaniceruptionnoxiousgases

temperaturevariation冰河時(shí)代在戶外為了舒適和安全乍一想來魔鬼與亡靈的世界火山爆發(fā)毒氣氣溫變化UsefulExpressionsopensurfacetherhythmofhumanlife露天生活節(jié)奏..9.10.AfterReading_1.211.varyfrompersontoperson12.artificiallight13.suitone’sconvenience14.oneight-hourshift15.afreelymobileworld16.mindyou因人而異人工照明根據(jù)人的需要8小時(shí)輪班自由流動(dòng)的社會(huì)請注意17.theburrowinganimals18.atecologicalstability19.limitedgreenery20.underecologicallyhealthierconditions穴居動(dòng)物生態(tài)平衡有限的綠色草木在更為健康的生態(tài)環(huán)境下SpotDictationDirections:Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesyouhavejustheard.

TheDesertCaveHotelallowsyoutoexperiencedug-out,undergroundshops,barandopal(蛋白石)displayareas－allwithinsandstone(沙巖)surroundsintheheartofCooberPedy.aboveandundergroundwealsoofferdiningandconvention.Visitorscanstayunderground,,abovegroundroomsarealso.Sleepingundergroundis.Quiet,cool,darkandairy(通風(fēng)的)—.Mostvisitorssaythatsleepingundergroundgivesthemthebestnight'ssleeptheyhaveeverhad.ThehoteloffersvisitorsthebesttoexperienceCooberPedy'dugout'living.In1989,theDesertCaveHotelwonboththeSouthAustralianandforTourismDevelopment.TheDesertCaveHotelagainwontheSouthAustralianTourismAwardfornationalstandardaccommodationin1990and1991.styleliving___________Aswellas___________accommodation_________________facilities_________oriftheyprefer________________available__________auniqueexperience_____________________theroomsarespaciouswithhighceilings___________________________________________opportunity____________NationalTourismAwards__________________________■AfterReading_4Homework:WriteacompositiononMyFavoriteLifestyle.AfterReading_3_1DiscussionandDebateDirections:Asknowntoall,sincethe1970’stherehasbeenconsiderablediscussionaboutlivinginspaceandinunderwaterdwellings,sotogetherwithundergroundlivingtheauthoradvocatedhereandourcurrentlifestyle,wehavefourchoices.Nowstudentswillbedividedintofourgroups