Unit1PartⅣSectionC

第三組Paragraph1

Agoodeducationshould，amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.一個(gè)好的教育應(yīng)該，除了其他事情以外，還要訓(xùn)練你獨(dú)立思考?？荚囍贫饶茏鋈魏问碌诉@個(gè)。Whathastobeleantisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.需要學(xué)習(xí)的東西被教學(xué)大綱牢牢地制定出來(lái)，導(dǎo)致學(xué)生被迫去記憶。Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmorekownledge,butinducecramming.考試并沒有刺激一名學(xué)生去廣泛地閱讀，而是限制了他的閱讀；考試不能夠使他去探索更多的知識(shí)，反而誘導(dǎo)他去死記硬背。Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedom.他們（考試機(jī)制）降低了教學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，原因是他們剝奪了教師的全部自由。Teachersthemselvesareoftenjugdedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects;theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.教師們自己的水平也通常由考試（學(xué)生的）成績(jī)來(lái)決定，因此他們沒有傳授他們（所屬領(lǐng)域）的知識(shí)，取而代之的是教給學(xué)生們他們(教師們)輕視的考試技巧。Themostsucceessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethetrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress（強(qiáng)迫）.最成功的考生往往不是受教育最好的人，他們只不過(guò)是在應(yīng)付學(xué)習(xí)壓力的技巧方面最訓(xùn)練有素罷了。Paragraph2

Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminers.這些考試成績(jī)所依賴的只不過(guò)是某個(gè)匿名主考者的主觀評(píng)價(jià)。Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.主考官也是人。他們會(huì)疲倦和饑餓；他們也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。并且他們必須在限定的時(shí)間內(nèi)去評(píng)改大量的粗糙潦草的筆跡。Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge'sdecisionyouhavearightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer's.他們?cè)谂c考生們相同的壓力下工作。并且他們的話很有分量。評(píng)判員的裁決，你有權(quán)上訴，但主考官的裁決一筆定終身。Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson'strueabilities.肯定有許多更簡(jiǎn)單和更有效的方法去評(píng)估一個(gè)人的真實(shí)能力。Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdownto（歸結(jié)為）inthelastanalysis.說(shuō)考試僅僅是管理他們的機(jī)構(gòu)的一個(gè)有利可圖的業(yè)務(wù)，這是憤世嫉俗的嗎？這是最后的分析得出的結(jié)論。Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:"Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIamateenagemillionaire."對(duì)現(xiàn)今教育制度的最好評(píng)價(jià)就是最近一句在墻上的涂鴉：“過(guò)去我是一名輟學(xué)青年，現(xiàn)在我是一個(gè)年青百萬(wàn)富翁?！鄙~1.syllabus['s?l?b?s]anintegratedcourseofacsdemicstudiesn.教學(xué)大綱，課程提綱;（講義等的）摘要，提綱;課程表;[法]（判例前的）判決要旨e.g.Theschoolsyllabusseemsaimedatthelowestcommondenominator.學(xué)校的教學(xué)大綱似乎是針對(duì)接受能力最差的學(xué)生制定的。2.restrict[r?'str?kt]

makemorespecific;placelimitson(extentoraccess);placerestrictionson;placeunderrestrictions.

vt.限制，限定;約束，束縛;

e.g.Thehospitalmayrestrictbookingstopeoplelivinglocally

這家醫(yī)院可能會(huì)限定只有當(dāng)?shù)鼐用癫拍茴A(yù)約。3.cram

[kr?m]

prepare(students)hastilyforanimpendingexam;studyintensively,asbeforeanexam;crowdorpacktocapacity;putsomethingsomewheresothatthespaceiscompletelyfilled.vt.填滿;塞滿;死記硬背;猛吃vi.(為考試而）死記硬背;狼吞虎咽地吃東西adj.填鴨式學(xué)的;臨時(shí)學(xué)的n.死記硬背;極度擁擠;填塞;<俚>壓碎e.g.Wecrammedintomycarandsetoff

我們擠進(jìn)我的車子，然后出發(fā)了。4.anonymous

[??n?n?m?s]

havingnoknownnameoridentityorknownsource;

notknownorlackingmarkedindividuality.

adj.匿名的;無(wú)名的;假名的;沒有特色的e.g.Youcanremainanonymousifyouwish

你愿意的話可以不透露姓名。

5.deprive[d?'pra?v]

takeaway;keepfromhaving,keeping,orobtaining;takeawaypossessionsfromsomeone.

vt.剝奪，奪去，使喪失e.g.Thislawwilldepriveusofourmostbasicrights.

這條法律將剝奪我們最基本的權(quán)利。

6.scrawl[skr?:l]

poorhandwriting;writecarelessly.

vt.潦草地寫vi.亂涂亂畫n.潦草的筆跡;潦草寫成的東西e.g.Hescrawledahastynotetohiswife

他給妻子草草寫了個(gè)便條。

7.cynical

['s?n?kl]believingtheworstofhumannatureandmotivesadj.憤世嫉俗的;懷疑的;冷嘲的;見利忘義的e.g.It'shardnottobecynicalaboutreform

很難相信改革會(huì)成功。

8.hastily['he?st?l?]inahurriedorhastymanneradv.草草;匆忙地，倉(cāng)促地;匆猝;率爾e.g.Chairswerehastilyplacedinrowsfortheparents.

椅子匆忙擺成了幾排，等著家長(zhǎng)們到來(lái)。9.institution[??nst?'tju:?n]

theactofstartingsomethingforthefirsttime;ahospitalformentallyincompetentorunbalancedperson;acustomthatforalongtimehasbeenanimportantfeatureofsomegrouporsociety;anorganizationfoundedandunitedforaspecificpurpose.n.（大學(xué)、銀行等規(guī)模大的）機(jī)構(gòu);慣例，制度，規(guī)定，建立;社會(huì)事業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu);<口>名人，名物e.g.Classsizevariesfromonetypeofinstitutiontoanother

班級(jí)大小因院校類型而異。10.illiterate[??l