Chapter1StyleandTranslationofInternationalBusinessContracts商務合同寫作及翻譯HelpstudentslearnthebasicelementsHelpstudentslearnsomeimportantrulestocreatelegalrelationstoestablishthebasicingredientsofacontractHelpstudentsacknowledgethestructureofcontractsHelpstudentsbeabletorecognizecontractsTeachingAimsandRequirementsContentsSettlementofDispute41FormationofContractandtheCISG2Introduction11StructureofContract31.合同是平等主體之間的民事法律關系

relationsof

civillawbetweenoramongequalnaturalpersons2.合同是雙方或多方當事人的法律行為

legalactbetweenoramongparties3.合同是從法律上明確當事人之間特定權利與義務關系的文件

specificrightsandobligations

4.合同是具有相應法律效力的協(xié)議

legalforce合同的法律特征提出訂約建議一方的意思表示稱為要約接受要約條件一方的意思表示稱為承諾要約一經承諾，合同即告成立Offer要約Acceptance承諾SEC2SEC3SEC4Accordingtothedescriptionoflaw,acontractshallbeanagreementwherebythepartiesestablish,changeorterminatetheircivilrelationship.（合同是當事人之間設立、變更、終止民事關系的協(xié)議）Otherprescription：ContractsreferredtointhisLawareagreementsbetweenequalnaturalpersons,legalpersonsandotherorganizationsforthepurposeofestablishing,alteringandterminatingmutualcivilrightsandobligations.(合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設立、變更、終止民事權利義務關系的協(xié)議）What’saContract?SEC2SEC3SEC4Acontractisaformalwrittenagreement,whichsetsforthrightsandobligationsofthepartiesconcerned.

Onceenteredinto,acontractisbindingandenforceablebylaw.Anypartywhofailstofulfillhisobligationsmustmakecompensationfortheotherparty’slosses.CommercialContractsCommercialContractsusuallyrefertocontractsofdailybusinessesandcontractsinvolvingeconomicconstructionssuchasminingconstruction,railwayconstructionandtappingofnaturalresources,etc.(International)CommercialContractsCommercialContractSEC2SEC3SEC4InternationalCommercialContractdomesticsalesofgoodsand/orservicesbetweenenterprises,organizations,individualsinonecountrygovernedbythelawofthesamecountrydisputesfirstlysettledthroughnegotiationInternationalsalesofgoodsand/orservicesbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountriesadisputesettlementclauseshouldbeinserted,orathird-partysettlementisneededforthedisputes

ContractualRelationsInvolvedintheInternationalTransactionsSEC2SEC3SEC4buyersellerEstablishbusinessrelations

Enquiriesandreplies

Offersandcounteroffers

Ordering

SECTION1Contractualrelationsinvolved:SEC2SEC3SEC4consignorcarrierfreight-forwardertheconsignor

ortheshipper

(whosendsgoods),thecarrier

(whocarriesthegoods),theconsignee(whoreceivesthegoodsatthedestination).SECTION1Contractualrelationsinvolved:SEC2SEC3SEC4consignorcarrierGoodsRoadRailAirSeaMultimodalDestinationContractualrelationSECTION1SEC2SEC3SEC4TheOceanBillofLading1.itisareceiptofthegoodsgiventotheshipperbytheshippingcompany/carrier.2.itisevidenceofthecontractbetweenthecarrierandtheshipperfortheperformanceofcertainservicesuponcertainconditions.3.itisalsoadocumentoftitletothegoods,entitlingthepersonnamedonittoclaimthegoodswhentheyarriveattheportofdestination.SECTION1Contractualrelationsinvolved:SEC2SEC3SEC4insurerinsureeContractualrelationGoods(object)Compensation

Suffereddamages/lossesbyaccidentRoadRailAirSeaMultimodalSECTION1Contractualrelationsinvolved:SEC2SEC3SEC4BuyerBank(B’s)SellerLetterofcredit

L/C

CorrespondentBankGiveinstructions

ConfirmthereceiptofL/C

Goodsdispatch

ContractualrelationContractualrelationSECTION1MainTypesofInternationalCommercialContractSEC2SEC3SEC4PurchaseContractSalesContractEmploymentContractCooperativeJointVentureContractEquityJointVentureContractCompensationTradeContractAssemblingandProcessingContractDistributionandConsignmentContractContractforMachineryEquipmentTechnologyTransferContract

商務合同按繁簡不同，可以采取不同的書面形式，如正式合同(Contract),協(xié)議書(Agreement),確認書(Confirmation),備忘錄(Memorandum),訂單(Order)等等。

FormsofcommercialcontractCommercialcontractContractConfirmationMemorandumAgreementOrderSECTION2

SEC1SEC3SEC4Acontractgenerallyinvolves:OfferandabsoluteandunqualifiedacceptanceConsensusadidem(meetingofminds)IntentiontocreatelegalrelationsGenuinenessofconsentContractualcapacityofthepartiesLegalityofobjectPossibilityofperformanceCertaintyoftermsValuableconsiderationSECTION3

SEC1SEC2SEC4StructureofContractPreamble(前文)Body(正文)Ending(結尾)Appendix(附錄)

Title(合同名稱)MaincontentofcontractPurchaseContractSalesContractEmploymentContractCompensationTradeContractTechnologyTransferContractPreamble(前言)Thefullnameofeachpartytothecontractandtheirnationalities合同當事人及其國籍2.Typeofentity實體類型

3.Principalplacesofbusinessorresidentialaddress

主要經營場所或住所4.ContractNumber合同號碼5.Thedateandplaceofsignatureofthecontract

訂約日期和地點Maincontentofcontract6.

RecitalsorWhereasClause

訂約緣由/說明條款Preamble(前言)ContractNumber:Dateofexecutionofcontract:Placeofexecutionofcontract:Buyers:RegisterNo.:Legalperson:Legaladdress:Contactaddress:P.O.Code:Bank:TaxpayerregisterNo.:Contactperson:Model1Tel:Fax:E-mailbox:Preamble(前言)Thiscontractismadethis14th(day)ofApril(month),2004byandbetweenRomantzLtd.(hereinafterreferredtoastheBuyer)withitsregisteredofficeat703LondonStreet,USAandArthurIndustrialCorporation(hereinafterreferredtoastheSeller)withitsregisteredofficeat43SilverRoad,Wuhan,China.Throughfriendlynegotiation,bothpartieshaveherebyagreedonthetermsandconditionsstipulatedhereunder…Model2雙方經過友好協(xié)商，同意按照以下條款，由買方購進，賣方售出以下商品……DefinitionClause

(定義條款)對合同中重復出現(xiàn)的關鍵名詞術語進行明確定義，給出明確解釋。BasicConditions

(基本條款)GeneralTermsandConditions（一般條款）MaincontentofcontractBody(文本)Typeofthecontractandthekind,scopeofthesubjectmatterofthecontractThetechnicalconditions,quality,standard,specificationandquantityofthesubjectmatterofthecontractTimelimit,placeandmethodofperformanceTermsofprice,amountandwayofpayment,andvariousadditionalchargesMaincontentofcontractBody(文本)5.Whetherthecontractcouldbeassignedorconditionsforassignment6.Thecompensationandotherliabilitiesforbreachofthecontract7.WaysforsettlementofdisputesincaseofdisputesarisingfromthecontractMaincontentofcontractBody(文本)DefinitionClause

(定義條款)對合同中重復出現(xiàn)的關鍵名詞術語進行明確定義，給出明確解釋。MaincontentofcontractModel“Project”meanstheplanning,feasibilitystudy,designandengineering,construction,equipping,completion,testing,commissioningandoperationoftheinfrastructureproject.“工程”指基礎設施建設的規(guī)劃，可行性研究，設計與工程技術服務，建造，供貨，竣工，調試，試運行和運行。BasicConditions

(基本條款)MaincontentofcontractModel1.Goods:2.Quantity:3.Price:At_____pertonof1000kilograms,cost,insuranceandfreightto_____4.Quality:Specifications_____5.PeriodofshipmentAsperbill(s)ofladingdatedorbedated_____GeneralTermsandConditions（一般條款）MaincontentofcontractModelAlldisputesarisingfromtheperformanceofthiscontractshouldbesettledthroughfriendlynegotiation.Shouldnosettlementthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallthenbesubmittedforarbitrationinthecountrywherethedefendantresides.本合同執(zhí)行過程中產生的任何糾紛，應通過友好協(xié)商解決。如果問題仍未解決，則應根據(jù)被告人所在地法律提交仲裁。WitnessClause

(結尾條款)MaincontentofcontractLanguagetobeusedinthecontractandtheireffectiveness份數(shù)、使用的文字和效力（ConcludingSentence）簽名（Signature）Appendix(附錄)

Sometimesthepartiestotheinternationalcommercialcontractmayconsulttosetoutanappendixinthecontract.Inthiscase,itmustbedeclaredthattheappendixistheinseparablepartofthecontract.

Ending

結尾條款ThecontractshallbewritteninChineseandEnglish.Bothversionsareequallyauthentic.Intheeventofanydiscrepancybetweenthetwoversions,theChineseversionshallprevail.Model1本合同用中文和英文寫成，兩種文字具有同等效力。上述兩種文字如有不符，以中文版本為準。Model2Thecontractshallcomeintoeffectassoonasitisdulysignedbybothpartiesandshallremaineffectivefortwoyears.閱讀下列合同范例，找出其title，preamble，body,witnessclauseCONTRACTCONTRACTNO.SIGNINGDATE/PLACETHEBUYER：

NameLegalAddressContactTHESELLER：

NameLegalAddressContactThiscontractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller.WherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheunder-mentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditions.title

preamble