1-1Chapter1

Introductionto

OrganizationalBehavior

EssentialsofOrganizationalBehavior,10/eStephenP.Robbins&TimothyA.Judge1-2Afterreadingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Defineorganizationalbehavior(OB).ExplainthevalueofthesystematicstudyofOB.IdentifythecontributionsmadetoOBbymajorbehavioralsciencedisciplines.DescribehowOBconceptscanhelpmakeorganizationsmoreproductive.ListthemajorchallengesandopportunitiesformanagerstouseOBconcepts.IdentifythethreelevelsofanalysisinOB.1-3TheFieldofOrganizationalBehaviorOrganizationalBehaviorstudiestheinfluencethatindividuals,groupsandstructurehaveonbehaviorwithinorganizations.Itschiefgoalistoapplythatknowledgetowardimprovinganorganization’seffectiveness.1-4組織行為學(xué)——是綜合運(yùn)用與人有關(guān)的各種知識(shí)，采用系統(tǒng)分析的方法，研究一定組織中人的心理和行為規(guī)律，從而提高各級(jí)主管人員對(duì)人的行為的預(yù)測(cè)和引導(dǎo)能力，以便更有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)組織目標(biāo)的一門科學(xué)。1-5這一概念包括以下含義：

1.組織行為學(xué)的研究對(duì)象是人的心理和行為的規(guī)律性。

2.組織行為學(xué)的研究范圍是一定組織中的人的心理與行為的規(guī)律。

3.組織行為學(xué)不是孤立地而是系統(tǒng)地研究一定組織中人的行為規(guī)律的。

4.組織行為學(xué)研究的目的是在掌握一定組織中人的心理和行為規(guī)律性的基礎(chǔ)上，提高預(yù)測(cè)、引導(dǎo)、控制人的行為的能力，以達(dá)到組織既定的目標(biāo)。1-6FocalPointsofOBJobsWorkAbsenteeismEmploymentturnoverProductivityHumanperformanceManagement1-7ComplementingIntuitionwithSystematicStudyIntuition:the“gutfeeling”explanationofbehavior.Systematicstudyimprovesabilitytoaccuratelypredictbehavior.Assumesbehaviorisnotrandom.Fundamentalconsistenciesunderliebehavior.Thesecanbeidentifiedandmodifiedtoreflectindividualdifferences.1-8SystematicStudyExaminesrelationships.Attemptstoattributecausesandeffects.Basesconclusionsonscientificevidence:Ondatagatheredundercontrolledconditions.Dataismeasuredandinterpretedinareasonablyrigorousmanner.1-9Evidence-BasedManagementComplementssystematicstudy.Basesdecisionsonthebestavailablescientificevidence.Forcesmanagerstobecomemorescientificintheirthinking.1-10ContributingDisciplines

totheOBFieldMicro:TheIndividualMacro:Groups&Organizations1-11組織行為學(xué)的性質(zhì)與特點(diǎn)

（一）邊緣性、綜合性(marginalityandcomprehensiveness)

1.多學(xué)科交叉性(Intersectionality)

2.多層次性(multilaterallayer)第一層是個(gè)體。

第二層是群體。第三層是組織。第四層是組織的外部環(huán)境。1-12（二）兩重性(duality)

這種兩重性來(lái)自于以下三個(gè)方面：一是來(lái)自多學(xué)科性。(multidisciplinary)二是來(lái)自組織行為學(xué)的研究對(duì)象“人”本身的兩重性。三是來(lái)自管理的兩重性1-13（三）實(shí)用性(practicability)組織行為學(xué)相對(duì)于心理學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、人類學(xué)等學(xué)科來(lái)說(shuō)，它屬于應(yīng)用性科學(xué)(Appliedscience),。而心理學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、人類學(xué)是屬于理論性科學(xué)(Theoreticalscience)。這些學(xué)科是組織行為學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)。1-14FewAbsolutesinOBImpossibletomakesimpleandaccurategeneralizationsHumanbeingsarecomplexanddiverseOBconceptsmustreflectsituationalconditions:contingencyvariables1-15ChallengesandOpportunitiesforOBTheworkplaceiscontainsawidemixofcultures,races,ethnicgroups,gendersandagesEmployeeshavetolearntocopewithrapidchangeduetoglobalcompetitionCorporateloyaltyhasdecreasedduetocorporatedownsizinganduseoftempworkersManagerscanbenefitfromOBtheoryandconcepts1-16RespondingtoGlobalizationIncreasedforeignassignmentsDifferingneedsandaspirationsinworkforceWorkingwithpeoplefromdifferentculturesDomesticmotivationaltechniquesandmanagerialstylesmaynotworkOverseeingmovementofjobstocountrieswithlow-costlabor1-17ManagingWorkforceDiversityWorkforcediversity:

organizationsarebecomingamoreheterogeneousmixofpeopleintermsofgender,age,race,ethnicity,andsexualorientation1-18DiversityImplications“Managershavetoshifttheirphilosophyfromtreatingeveryonealiketorecognizingdifferencesandrespondingtothosedifferencesinwaysthatensureemployeeretentionandgreaterproductivitywhile,atthesametime,notdiscriminating.”1-19OBOffersInsightsInto:ImprovingqualityandproductivityCustomerserviceandbuildingacustomer-responsivecultureDevelopingpeopleskills1-20OBAidsinDealingWith:StimulatingInnovationandChangeIncreasing“temporariness”intheworkplaceHelpingemployeesbalancework-lifeconflictsImprovingethicalbehavior1-21ThinkingPositiveCreatingapositiveworkenvironmentcanbeacompetitiveadvantagePositiveOrganizationalScholarship(PositiveOB):Examineshoworganizationsdevelophumanstrengths,fostervitalityandresilience,andunlockpotential.Focusisonemployeestrengths,nottheirweaknesses.1-22ThreeLevelsofOBAnalysisChapters2-7Chapters8-13Chapters14-16PlanoftheBook1-23ImplicationsforManagersOBhelpswith:InsightstoimprovepeopleskillsValuingofworkforcediversityEmpoweringpeopleandcreatingapositiveworkenvironmentDealingwithlaborshortagesCopinginaworldoftemporarinessCreatinganethicallyhealthyworkenvironment1-24研究和應(yīng)用組織行為學(xué)的意義及作用（一）有助于加強(qiáng)以人為中心的管理，充分調(diào)動(dòng)人的積極性、主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性。（二）有助于知人善用，合理地使用人才。（三）有助于改善人際關(guān)系，增強(qiáng)群體的合理凝聚力和向心力。（四）有助于提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平，改善領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的關(guān)系。（五）有助于組織變革和組織發(fā)展。1-25ThemeaningandsignificanceoflearningandapplyingOB(A)tohelpstrengthenpeople-centeredmanagement.(B)tohelpappreciatingpersonreasonably(C)tohelpimprovingrelationships.(D)tohelpimprovingthelevelofleadership.(E)tocontributingtoorganizationalchangeandorganizationaldevelopment.1-26KeepinMind…OB’sgoalistounderstandandpredicthumanbehaviorinorganizations.Fundamentalconsistenciesunderliebehavior.ItismoreimportantthanevertolearnOBconcepts.Bothmanagersandemployeesmustlearntocopewithtemporariness.1-27SummaryDefinedOrganizationalBehavior(OB).