DNAtheSecretofLifeINTRODUCTION[Vocabularyandspeaking]Matchthewordandphrasesintheboxwiththeirmeanings.takeaftertohavesimilarphysicalfeaturesassomeoneelsetobesimilartoanolderpersoninyourfamilyinappearanceorpersonalityaformalwordmeaningtohavesimilarphysicalfeaturesassomeoneelselooklikeresembleWhodoyoulooklike,yourmotheroryourfather?Explainhowyouresemblehim/her.Whodoyoutakeafterinyourpersonality?Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Completethesentencesaboutthebodywiththewordsinthebox.cell

diseases

environment

gender

genetics

identical

twinSomethingthatisfoundinalllivingthingsisa________.A______isoneoftwochildrenbornatthesametimetothesomemother.__________isthestudyofgenes.Some__________areinheritedbutnotallofthem.celltwinGeneticsdiseases5.The_______ofachildiswhetheritisaboyoragirl.6.Twinswhoare_________haveexactlythesamegenes.7.The____________aswellasourgenesmakesuswhoweare.genderidenticalenvironmentWorkinpairsDiscusswhichcharacteristicsyouhaveinheritedfromyourparentsandwhichcharacteristicsareformedbyyourenvironment.Usethewordsinthebox.eyesighteyecolorgenehealthheightintelligenceweightpersonalityReading&Vocabulary1FastreadingReadparts1and2ofthepassageandanswerthequestions.Part1WhydidWatsonandCricksay,“Wehavediscoveredthesecretoflife?”Becausetheyhadfoundtheanswertooneofthemostimportantquestionsofbiologyhowdolivingthingsreproducethemselves?WhydidthediscoveryofDNAisveryimportant?ThediscoveryofDNAhasbeencalledthemostbiologicalworkofthelast100years.Ithasalreadyhadandwillcontinuetohaveanenormousinfluenceonourlives.Wehavealreadyexperiencedthebenefitsinmanyyears.StoryADNAtestingwasmadeastandardprocedureincriminalinvestigations.what'seachstoryabout?StoryBUsingatechnologycalledgeneticengineering,acouplehadahighlyintelligent,good–lookingbaby.StoryCHavingbeeninsertedananimalgene,Markwonallhisraces.StoryDHavingbeentestedthattheunbornchildwouldhaveaterrible,inheritedillness,thecoupledecidedtogetridofit.Part3DoyouthinkstoriesA—Dinpart2aretrue?StoriesAandDhaveactuallyhappenedmanytimes. StoriesBandCwillbecomepossibleinthenearfuture.Whatwillgeneticengineeringhelpscientiststodointhenearfuture?Thenewtechnologyofgeneticengineeringmeansthatscientistswillsoonbeabletoinsertnewgenesintounbornbabies,childrenoradults.Whatwillhappenifwestartchoosingthecharacteristicsofourbabies?Wearealteringnatureinaverydirectway.

Whatmighttheconsequencesbe?Itispossiblethatwewillcreatetwokindsofpeople,mitamurdercouplehereditaryperformanoperationpregnantquestionreproducevictim1.

…h(huán)owdolivingthingsreproducethemselves?Thismeans___________.(a)tohavebabiesorproduceyoungplants(b)tofeedthemselves.2.

…ourgenes,whichpasshereditarycharacteristicsontoourchildren.Thismeans___________.(a)new(b)inheritedfromparents.(a)(b)commitamurdercouplehereditaryperformanoperationpregnantquestionreproducevictim3Althoughthepolicequestionedhim…Thismeans___________.(a)towonderaboutsomeone(b)toasksomeonequestions4

Butwhenhecommittedthemurder…Thismeans___________.(a)killedtheman(b)sawthedeadman.5

.…watersleftsomeofhisowncellsonhisvictim.Thismeans___________.(a)thepersonheattacked(b)hisownclothes(b)(a)(a)commitamurdercouplehereditaryperformanoperationpregnantquestionreproducevictim6

Aboutsixmonthsago,Marksecretlyvisitedasurgeon,whoperformedanoperationonhim.Thismeans________(a)Markhadanoperation(b)thesurgeonsaidMarkshouldhaveanoperation7.

DamianPetersonandhiswifeClaraareanother

couple…Thismeans________.(a)twopeoplewhoaremarried(b)example8.

WhenClarabecamepregnant…Thismeans_________(a)becameworried(b)wasgoingtohaveababy.(a)(a)

(b)Discussion:

Whatisyouropinionaboutthedevelopmentsingeneticsingeneral?EXAMPLE:Ithinkthey’reveryexciting,butweneedtobeverycareful.Wedon’tknowwhatconsequencesofthesechangeswillbe…Readthroughthewordsinthebox,andpayattentiontothestress.advancealterathletebenefitconsequencedevelopmentfieldgood-lookinginsertstructuretechnologyAnswerthequestionsaboutthewordsabove.Whatisanotherwordfor

A.athlete

B.consequence

C.alter

D.field

E.good-lookingrunnerresultchangeareahandsome/pretty2.Doesaplanthaveastructure?Yes,itdoes.3.WhatarethebenefitsoflearningEnglish?Internationalcommunication.4.Canyouthinkofatechnologythatisusedinbusiness?Computertechnology.5.Whichtwowordsintheboxcanhavemoreorlessthesamemeaning?advance,developmentReading&Vocabulary2YourGenes,YourFutureReadthepassageandcompletethesentences.Scientistswillsoonhavetheabilityto__________________.However,scientistswillnotbeableto____________________________________.“read”ourgenespredictourfuturewithanyrealsuccessReadthepassageagainandanswerthequestions.1.Whichcharacteristics,physicalorpsychological,areinheritedormostlyinherited?Physical.2.Doesitseemthatmostpsychologicaltraitsareinherited?Giveexamplesinyouranswer.Itisamixtureofinheritedandenvironmentalfactorsthataffecttraitslikeviolenceorgettingonwellwithpeople.3.Whywon’tscientistsbeabletotellusalotaboutourfuture?Becauseoftheunpredictablenatureofenvironmentalfactors.4.Whatdo“thesenewdevelopments”refertointhelastparagraph?Theabilitytoreadourgenes.5.Whatkindofproblemswillthesenewdevelopmentscreate?Theymanymeanthatpeoplewillbeprejudgedonfactorswhichwouldnotactuallyoccur,simplybecauseofwhattheirgenespredictmayhappen.Fplicateddecadeindetailenvelopetoa(great)extentinsurancecompanyphysicalpsychologicalaperiodoftenyearsconnectedwithyourbodyratherthanyourmindcpapercoverthatyouputaletterinbeforeyousenditaparticularcharacteristicinsomeone’spersonalitymainlydecadephysicalenvelopetraittoagreatextent6.connectedwithyourmindandfeelings7.givingsmallerfacts8.acompanythatwillpayyoumoneyifyouareill,whenyoupaymoneyeverymonth10.usingphysicalforcetohurtpeopleordamagepropertypsychologicalindetailinsurancecompanyviolenceExplainthemeaningofthewordsandphrases.1.Aslongasyouhaveagooddiet,scientistscanpredictyourheightbylookingatyourparents’heights.Ifyouhaveagooddiet,itmeansthatyouareeatinghealthily.Healthyeatingmeanstherightbalancebetweendifferenttypesoffood.2.Wenowknowthattheneedtowearglasseshasageneticcause.Theneedtowearglassesiscausedbyvariouseyeproblems.Peoplewhoareshort-sightedareonlyabletoreadthingswhichareclosetothem,whilepeoplewhoarelong-sightedcannotseethingsclearlywhentheyarenear.Bothlong-andshort-sightednesscanbecorrectedbywearingglasses.3.Oureatinghabitsalsoappeartobedecidedbyourgenes!Eatinghabitsarethetendencytoprefercertainkindsoffood.Somepeoplearesaidtohavea“sweetbooth”becausetheylikelotsofcakes,sweetsandchocolates.Otherpeoplenaturallydon’tlikemeatandsoon.4.Doyouenjoydangeroussportssuchascarracing?Carracingisthecompetitionbetweenhigh-performancecars,usuallyaroundatrack.TheFormulaOnecircuitisperhapsthebestknownofthesebuttherearealsootherkindsofrace,suchasrallies.5.Thisistrueofthingssuchashowviolentweare,andhowwellwegetonwithotherpeople.Howwellwegetonwithotherpeopleistodowithourtemperament.Somepeoplelikethecompanyofotherswhileotherpeopleprefertobealone.Somepeoplearehappytoshare,whileothersareselfish.Thesecharacteristicswillaffecthowwellwegetonwithotherpeople.6.…thefactisthatscientistswillbeableto“read”ourgenesinthenearfuture.Literallytheverb“read”meanstolookatmarksonpaperandunderstandwhattheymean.Thewordisalsoappliedinothercontexts,suchasto“read”yourmindtotrytounderstandwhatsomeoneisthinking.Inthisgeneticcontext,itmeanstounderstandwhatapersonislikebylookingatthemake-upoftheirgenes.ReadDNAtheSecretofLifeonPage16again.CompareitwithYourGenes,YourFutureonpage22.Whichpassagedoyoufindmoreexciting?Doeitherofthepassagesworryyou?Why?/Whynot?3.Whichpassagegivesexamplesfromreallife?Wouldyoupreferexamplesfromreallifeintheotherpassage?4.Whichpassagegivesmorescientificinformation?Wouldyouprefertohavemorescientificinformation?5.Whichpassagedoyouthinkyouwillrememberforlonger?ReadingPracticeGMFoodGoodorBad?Whatisgeneticallymodifiedfood?HowcanyoutellthedifferencebetweenordinaryfoodandGMfood?HowmuchGMfoodisthereinChina?WhataretheadvantagesofGMfood?Whatarethedisadvantages?WhatshouldwedoaboutGMfoodinChina?IsGMfoodgoodorbad?Notmuchisknownaboutlong-termeffectsofGMfoodonhumansandtheenvironment.Itis“unpredictable”.Answerthequestions.1.Istransgenicfoodthesameasgeneticallymodifiedfood?Yes.2.WhatistheriskofproducingaGMcropwhichkillspests?Itwillkillgoodinsectsaswell.3.WhyistheriskfromcarcinogensreducedinGMfood?Becausetherearefewertracesofcancerinducingpesticidesinthefood.4.Whatistherisktosomeonewhoisallergictoaparticulargene?Ifthatgeneistransferredtoanotherfood,andtheallergicpersondoesn’tknow.5.HowdoestheamountofGMfoodintheUScomparewiththenumberofpeoplewhothinkit’sdangerous?30﹪ofmaize,50﹪ofSoyabeans,50﹪ofpotatoesandtomatoesareGM,and27﹪ofconsumersareworriedaboutthedangersofGM.6.HowcouldGMfoodbestoppedfromenteringChina?Byhavingthecustomsinspectallimportedfoods.7.Howdidthewriterknowthatthereweren'tanyimportedGMfoodsinthemarkets?Theydidabigsurvey.8.WhatactionisgoingtobetakenaboutGMfoodsinChina?Foodsaregoingtobelabeled.Lookatthesepairsofsentencesfromthepassage.Decideifthesecondsentenceaddstoorcontrastswiththeinformationinthefirstsentences.(a)…GMfoodisalreadycommonintheUnitedStates.(b)ChinadoesnotproduceverymuchGMfood…(b)contrastswith(a)(a)InCanadaandtheUnitedStates,27percentofconsumersfearthatGMfoodcouldbedangerous.(b)InEurope,amajorityofconsumersareinfavorofbanningthem,and79percentoftheUKpublicopposesGMfood.(b)addsto(a)(a)Chinesecustomsdonotlisttransgenicproductsasanitemrequiringinspection.(b)ThereforeGMproductsmayenterthecountryfromabroad.(b)addsto(a)(a)NeitheryoungnoroldpeoplefearedpossiblesideeffectsfromGMfoods.(b)…someparent