unit7pharmacologyContentsPharmacologyword4123SentenceReceptorPharmacologyPharmacologyisthestudyofdruginteractionwithhumanbodyandtheroleofthediscipline藥理學是研究藥物與機體的相互作用及作用規(guī)律的學科。ThedevelopmentofPharmacology藥InChinaAboutQindynasty《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》Yuandynasty《新修本草》Mingdynasty《本草綱目》藥王孫思邈Theclass1.Pharmacokinetics藥物代謝動力學2.Pharmacodynamics藥物效應(yīng)動力學Pharmacology藥理學Wordformation單詞drug藥物many多round圍繞,環(huán)繞inside里面的前綴(prefix)pharmaco-藥poly-多,多數(shù)para-旁,周,障礙endo-內(nèi),內(nèi)膜復合詞pharmacodiagnosisn藥物診斷polyclonaladj多細胞的paranephricadj腎旁的endometryn內(nèi)腔容積測定法pharmacodynamicadj藥效的polyasen多糖酶,聚合酶parahepaticadj肝旁的endopathyn內(nèi)因病pharmacopeian處方匯編,藥典polycythemian紅細胞增多癥paracystitisn膀胱周炎endotoxinn內(nèi)毒素nowconceptAunifyingHistoryofreceptorsReceptivesubstancesubstance18781905ChaintheoryTargetsPharmacologyisahybridscince.JhonNewportLangleyandPaulEhrlichhavearisentheconceptofreceptor:acentraltheorem.藥理學是一門混合的科學，JhonNewportLangley和PaulEhrlich提出了受體的概念：一個中心理論。LangleyEhrlich

WhenIamundergraduate,IstudedtheantagonismbyatropineofthecontractileeffectsofpilocarpineonsmoothmuscleIhaveaassumption!!!!!!!Thereisasubstanceorsubstancesinthenerveendingorglandcellswithwhichbothatropineandpilocarpinearecapableofformingcompounds.MyM.D.ehrlichwasthehistologicalutiilityofcertainvitaldyes.ThenIpostulatedthatadrugcanhaveatherapeuticeffectonlyifithas”therightsortofaffinity”.WiththreedecadesstudyIconcludedthatthedrugdidnotactdirectlyonthenerveendingoron

themuscle.itcombinesomethingwhichIcalledit“receptivesubstance”Icalleditchaintheory.ButIresistedtheapplicaationofittodrug-tissueinteractionsingeneral.Youareright.TodayreceptortheoryWithdevelopmentofscince,amodernstatementofthereceptortheoremisthatofGoldstein,AronowandKalman:in

general,adrugproducesaparticulareffectbycombingchemicallywithsomespecificmolecularconstituentofthebiologicalsystemuponwhichitacts.隨著科學的發(fā)展，德斯坦，艾若諾和卡爾曼提出了一個當代的受體理論：一般來說，藥物產(chǎn)生特殊的效果，結(jié)合化學與一些特定的分子成分的生物系統(tǒng)對它的作用。SentenceanalysisTheease(主語)<withwhichdrugandreceptor

interact>(定語從句)isinfluenced（謂語）bythedegreeofcomplementarity（補充，補足）oftheirrespective（各自的，分別的）three-dimensionalstructures

.藥物與受體結(jié)合的難易程度受它們各自的空間結(jié)構(gòu)互補程度的影響。SentenceanalysisForthisreason,minorchemicalmodificationofadrug（主語）mayproduce(謂語)profoundchanges（賓語）initspharmacologicalactivity.由于這個原因，在藥動學方面藥物的化學結(jié)構(gòu)很小的改動都會產(chǎn)生很大的影響。SentenceanalysisIt（主語）isappropriate,therefore,thattheconceptofreceptors（賓語從句的主語）,acentraltheoremofpharmacology(同位語)，shouldhavearisenfrom（shouldhavedonesth譯為本來應(yīng)該做某事，做謂語）theworkofJohnNewportLangley,aphysiologist,andPaulEhrlich,apolymath

bestremembered（過去分詞做后置定語）forhisworkinimmunologyandinthechemotherapyofsyphilis（狀語）.（apolymath做同位語）因此，在生理學家JohnNewportLangley和PaulEhrlich的努力工作下，后者因致力于免疫學和梅毒的化學療法而被人們所熟知，受體的概念作為藥理學的核心定理被提出來是理所當然的。SentenceanalysisOnthisassumptionthentheatropineandpilocarpinecompounds（主句主語）areformed（謂語）according（v-ing做伴隨狀語）tosomelaw（定語從句先行詞）ofwhich（引導定語從句）theirrelativemass(相對質(zhì)量)andchemicalaffinity（化學親和力）【定語從句的主語】forthesubstance（狀語）are（定語從句謂語）facors（定語從句的賓語）在這個假設(shè)中，根據(jù)一些定理那些物質(zhì)的相對質(zhì)量和它們的化學親和力都會影響阿托品和普魯卡因復合物的形成。Sentenceanalysis（Hewas）Impressedbythespecificitywithwhich（引導定語從句）dyesinteractwithtissues,hepostulatedthat（引導賓語從句）