PredicativeClausesPara.2Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories…Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.………空氣污染引發(fā)霍亂?！澄锘蝻嬘盟械募?xì)菌感染導(dǎo)致霍亂。Activity1:Underlinealltheexamplesinthereadingpassagewherenounclausesareusedasthepredicative.Thenstatetheirmeaningandfunctions.Para.3…Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.該女士似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運(yùn)到家里來。Para.4ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshow

a

link

between

other

cases

of

cholera

and

the

differentwatercompaniesinLondon.………寬街水泵抽上來的水被廢棄物污染了。表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞過去分詞、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、副詞、介詞短語、形容詞、不定式和從句等來充當(dāng)。1Whatisthepredicative？主語+系動(dòng)詞+引導(dǎo)詞

+簡(jiǎn)單句表語從句Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.

Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.

表語從句是指______________________,緊跟在________之后，對(duì)主語進(jìn)行解釋、說明，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。從句在句子中充當(dāng)表語系動(dòng)詞2表語從句的構(gòu)成系動(dòng)詞的分類1.感官類系動(dòng)詞（sound,look,taste,smell,feel)2.變化類系動(dòng)詞(get,fall,grow,turn,go,become…)be動(dòng)詞3.狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞保持類系動(dòng)詞（keep,remain,stay）似乎類系動(dòng)詞（

seem,appear

）證明類系動(dòng)詞（prove,turnout)系動(dòng)詞后的成分為表語。系動(dòng)詞后的從句為表語從句。（am,is,are,was,were)，意為“是”3系動(dòng)詞從屬連詞：that/whether連接代詞：who/what/whom/whose/which連接副詞：when/where/why/how其他連詞：because/asif/asthough(if不引導(dǎo)表語

從句)4

引導(dǎo)詞1.表語從句中一定用陳述句語序.2.表語從句是不用if引導(dǎo)的,要用whether.3.時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制.4.主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句常用that，不用because.表語從句的注意點(diǎn)Thegrammarrulersofthepredicativeclause我們要做運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因是因?yàn)樗軓?qiáng)壯我們的身體。Thereasonwhyweshoulddoexerciseisthatitcanbuildupourbody.Thereasonwhy....isthat.....Thereasonfor......isthat.........的原因是......Thisiswhy...這就是……的原因(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)Thisisbecause...這是因?yàn)椤?強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)Doingexerciseplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Thatisbecauseitcanbuildupourbody.一句多譯(替換because):她越來越胖的原因是吃太多的垃圾食品。③Sheisbecomingfatterandfatter.Thisis___________sheeatstoomuchjunkfood.④Sheeatstoomuchjunkfood.That's_______sheisbecomingfatterandfatter.⑤__________________________________________________________________sheeatstoomuchjunkfood.becausewhyThereasonwhysheisbecomingfatterandfatteristhat表語從句的注意點(diǎn)Thegrammarrulersofthepredicativeclause51）

表語從句的虛擬語氣Myproposalisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.Myadviceisthatwe(should)gettherebytrain.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)goandhelphim.1)主語是表示建議、命令、要求、計(jì)劃等的名詞時(shí)，表語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略2)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在look,seem,sound,feel等后面語氣：

若表示真實(shí)情況，用陳述語氣。若表示非真實(shí)情況，用虛擬語氣。Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Itsoundedasifthenightwouldneverend.表語從句的注意點(diǎn)Thegrammarrulersofthepredicativeclause表語從句的注意點(diǎn)Thegrammarrulersofthepredicativeclauseasif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句的虛擬語氣：

若跟現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符：過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）若跟過去事實(shí)不符：haddone

若跟將來事實(shí)不符：would/could+動(dòng)詞原形Thelittleboytalksasifhe________

（know）everythingintheworld.Hefeltasifhe____________(meet)thisyoungladyforalongsomewhere.

hadmetknew1.Itsoundsasifsomeone_________(be)knockingatthedoor.

2.Tomlikestotalkbigasifhe______(be)animportantperson.3.Heopenshismouthasifhe__________(eat)something.4.HetalkedaboutRomeasifhe___________(be)there.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，用一般過去時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用were)werewerewouldeathadbeen(與事實(shí)不相符)(對(duì)將來的虛擬，用would/could/might+do)(對(duì)過去的虛擬，用haddone)表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇Thequestionis___________theycouldhandletheproblem.Theycouldhandletheproblem.thequestionwhether

從屬連詞whether不做成分,但有意義，表“是否”從屬連詞：that、whether(不能用if)1.Mybeliefis______________Iwillsucceedbyworkinghard.2.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.雨季最令人愉快的事情是完全沒有灰塵。3.Theproblemis______________wecanfindthemthere.

whetherthatthatthat在從句中不做成分，也沒有實(shí)際意義，但不可省略；whether也不能省略，意思為：是否。表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇Themostimportantthingis________

telescopecanfindthesuitableplanettolivein.Thetelescopecanfindthesuitableplanettolivein.whose

連接代詞表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇Faceyourfaultbravely.what

連接代詞做成分（主語/賓語/表語），有意義，不能省略。Thisis______mymotherhastaughtme---tofacemyfaultbravely.表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇Thequestionis______wassuspectedofstealingthemoney.Theysuspectedsomeoneofstealingthemoney.who

連接代詞做成分（主語/賓語/表語），有意義，不能省略。表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇Hefailedintheexam.That's_______hefeltfrustrated.Hefeltfrustrated.Hefailedintheexam.why

連接副詞做成分（狀語），有意義，不能省略。表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇Hefeltfrustrated.That's__________hefailedintheexam.Hefeltfrustrated.Hefailedintheexam.because表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇Thatis________thejettookoff.Thejettookoff.where

連接副詞做成分（狀語），有意義，不能省略。表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇Thequestionis______shecantransformhersonintoastrong-willedboy.Shecantransformhersonintoastrong-willedboy.thequestionishow

連接副詞做成分（狀語），有意義，不能省略。表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇Whattheauthoritywantstoknowis_______thefirebrokeout.Thefirebrokeout.when

連接副詞做成分（狀語），有意義，不能省略。即學(xué)即練learningandpracticeThisis__________Iwant.MyEnglishislimited.Thisis_______IhatereadingEnglishbooks.Thevillageis_________Iusedtospendmyholiday.Heismyfavoritesinger.Itis________Ireallylovethewayhebehaves.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoffunds.Myproblemis__________coatissuitableforme.I’d

like

to

startmyownbusiness—that’s____IwanttodoifIhadthemoney.WhatIwanttoknowis_______willsupportme.whatwherewhybecausethatwhichwhatwho即學(xué)即練learningandpracticeMysuggestionisthatwe__________(go)tohospitalatonce.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______(be)broken.Myproposal/ideaisthatwe___________(get)morepeopletoattendtheconference.Thelittlegirltalkedasifshe___________(be)agrown-up.Shelooksasifshe_________(be)tenyearsyounger.shouldgowereshouldgethadbeenwere即學(xué)即練learningandpractice1.Heiscarelessandirresponsible.Thatwas_______hewasfired.2.Hewasfired.Thatwas_________heiscarelessandirresponsible.3.Thereason_______hewasfiredwas________hewascarelessandirresponsible.whybecausewhythat1.Thereasonwhytheywerealwayspoorwasbecausetheypaidlittleattentiontoeducation.2.Whatmadetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.3.Thequestionisifheisabletodoitalone.4.Theheadmaster’sorderwasthatallstudentsfinishedhomeworkbefore8:00p.m.單句改錯(cuò)。thatthatwhetherfinish?Ⅱ.單句填空1.Thetroubleis

Ihavelosthisaddress.

2.Thequestionis

Ishouldgotothecinemawithhim,orgoshoppingwithher.

3.Thatwas

shedidthismorningonherwaytothestation.

4.Hewasinjuredbyacarthismorning.Thisis

hewasabsentfromschool.

5.Hehasmaderapidprogress.Thatis

heisgifted.

6.That’s

heusedtolive.

that

whether

what

why

because

where

7.Hissuggestionisthatanothermeeting

(hold)todiscusstheproblem.

8.Theimpressionhemakesonmeis

heisareliableperson.

9.Thereasonwhyhewasfiredwas

hewassuspectedofstealingthecomputerofhiscompany.

10.Theproblemis

isreallyfitforthehardjob.

(should)beheld

that

that

whoSummary：1.表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu):主語+系動(dòng)詞+引導(dǎo)詞

+簡(jiǎn)單句2.引導(dǎo)詞:｛連詞：that,whether,as,asif/though,because連接代詞：who,what,which,whom,whose...+ever連接副詞：when,where,how,why,...+ever3.注意點(diǎn):3）if不引導(dǎo)表語從句。4）表語從句的虛擬語氣。5）主語為reason時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that1）語序:連主謂。2）that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)不能省略。表語從句若作狀語，則用when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)解題思路找出謂語，鎖定從句先成分，后含義若不作成分，則用that,asif/though,whether,because引導(dǎo)，只起連接作用若作主語，賓語、表語、定語等成分，則用what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose,which(ever)引導(dǎo)Answerthefollowingquestionsusingtheinformationfromthereadingpassageaswellasthepredicativeclauses.P5Ex.2ExampleWhatwasitthatJohnSnowshowedtotheworld?WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworldwas__________________________.howcholeracouldbeovercomehow

意思為“如何”，在表語從句中充當(dāng)狀語1.WhatwasSnow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondon?Snow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondonwas______________________________________________________________________________

thatthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.that

無意義，在表從中不充當(dāng)成分,起連接作用，不能省略3.WhatweretheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemap?

TheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemapwere

______________________________whereallthosewhodiedhadlived.where意思為“……的地點(diǎn)”，在表從中充當(dāng)狀語4.WhatwasthefindingthatSnowannounced?

Snow’sfindingwas_______________________________________

thatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms./that

thewaterpumpwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.that

無意義，在表語從句中不充當(dāng)成分,起連接作用，不能省略2.WhatwasSnowdeterminedtofindoutduringthe1854outbreakofcholerainLondon?WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwas________________________________________________________whytheoutbreakofcholerahadcausedover500deathswithintendays.why意思為“……的原因”，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語asifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhether

AAbsolutely.Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas_____happenedattheinitialstageofourgroup’sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.BYes,itis.Anditseemed_____allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas_____wecouldn’tpersuadeoneanotherthatoneth