英漢對比與翻譯（一）

1)詞的分類一詞多類現(xiàn)象：漢語：綠色；綠的葉，紅的花；臉都被打綠了；春風又綠江南岸英語：plenty:n.豐富adj.足夠的

full:adj.滿的adv.十分n.全部

roundadj.圓的adv.兜圈子prep.圍繞v.變圓n.圓形物

Example:downYouneednottakedownwhateverIsaid.(你們沒必要記下我所說的一切）Thestonerolleddownthehillandhittheboy.(石頭滾下山，砸著了孩子）介TheterroristsdownedtwoplanesinRussia.We’llshareupsanddownswithyou.我們與你同甘共苦，風雨同舟。Heisnotdownyet.(adj.)2)詞意A.英漢兩種語言中詞義的寬窄往往不同：一對一：Kongfu,Laser,linguistics一對多：sister(姐妹）,marry（嫁娶）沒有完全對應：prey（被捕獲的獵物）（在下一講中更詳細地講）B.以某語素為出發(fā)點，漢語組成一大堆詞族:清白pure清淡light清貧poor清涼coolandrefreshing清冷chilly清爽freshandcool清幽quietandbeautiful清瘦thin清查check清官honestanduprightofficialsC.詞義的誤解：BlackbirdBlackbirdBlackboardBlackboardHotdogCatsanddogs:Itisrainingcatsanddogs.紅茶blackteaAcommon,fairlysmallEuropeanbird3)詞的搭配TakeoffThenewdictionaryhasreallytakenoff.(popular)TakeoffyourwetshirtThedoctortookoffhiswoundedleftleg.Theyhadtotakeoff(取消)theshowbecauseofpooraudience.Youcantakeonlyonedayoff.Theofficerleadingtheinquiryhasbeentakenoff.Collocation(continued)看看電視

watchTV看黑板

lookattheblackboard看地圖

studyamap看小說

readanovel看朋友visitafriend4)詞的位置A.單詞作定語Acharminggirl,atallbuildingNothingimportantThemanager’slittleofficeAlittle,yellow,ragged,lame,unshavenbeggar.一個乞丐，身材短小，面黃肌瘦，衣衫襤褸，瘸腿，滿臉胡須。某些以－ible

或－able結(jié)尾的形容詞用作定語時，與every，theonly，或形容詞最高級連用來修飾名詞時，也常放在名詞后Wemusthelpthemineverywaypossible(everypossibleway).我們一定要用一切可能的辦法來幫助他們。Thisistheonlyreferencebookavailablehere.這是這兒能找到的唯一參考書。Theyareworkingtoincreaseproductionatthehighestspeedpossible.他們努力盡可能快的速度提高產(chǎn)量。Thisisthebestsolutionimaginable.這是能想得出的最好解決辦法。

Otherparticularattributes:thepresentstudents現(xiàn)在的學生thestudentspresent出席的學生；在場的學生Iadmiremyfatherbecauseheisaresponsibleman.一個負責任的人Mr.Linisthemanresponsibleforexaminingtheproject.對某事負責的人B.短語作定語Abuildingprojectofhigh-riseapartmenthouses一個高層公寓大樓的建筑項目Acandidatewithlittlechanceofsuccess一個當選希望極微的候選人5)setphrases:Tomakeamonkeyof做蠢事,丟丑ToburntheboatTofishintheairTocallaspadeaspadeCastleintheairCrocodiletears:Aninsinceredisplayofgrief,asinWhentheplay‘sstarbrokeherleg,herunderstudy（替身）weptcrocodiletears.Thistermcomesfromthemistakennotionthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirprey.1)SomeAmericanspopacrossthebordersimplytofuelupon(toaddfuel,原意為“加燃料”，后引申為“吃喝，填肚子”)flavorfulMexicanfoodandbeer.2)Youhavetomakeupyourmindassoonaspossible.(makeup).3)JackhasbecomeJackofalltradesandmasterofnone.4)Part-timebarmanwanted.Hoursandsalarynegotiable.6)Wemustbringthechairmanaroundtoourpointofview.7)TheAsiancountriesalongthecoastofthePacificallcameoutagainsttheUSnewmilitarybaseinJapan.8)Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.課后學習網(wǎng)站：英漢詞匯互譯的若干方法英語詞語的理解AfamousicefestivalinChinaisthelatestvictimofrisingglobaltemperatures.EverywintertensofthousandsoftouristsgotoHarbin,inthefarnortheastofChina,toseethecity'sicesculptures.Butwithhighertemperatures,thesculpturesarestartingtomelt.HarbinisoneofChina'scoldestcities.Inwinter,temperaturescandropaslowasminus35degreescentigrade.Despitethisharshclimate,thecityhasturneditselfintoapopularwintertouristdestination.VisitorsarrivefromacrossAsiatoexperiencethecold-andseethecity'sicesculptures.Animals,people,evenfamousbuildingsareturnedintointricatesculpturesthatarelitupatnight.But,there'saproblem-wintersjustaren'tascoldastheyusedtobe.Lastyear,Harbinhaditswarmestyearsincerecordsbegan.Andthatmeansthecity'sfamousicesculpturesaremeltingearlier.TheicefestivaltraditionallylastsuntiltheendofFebruary.Butthisy