張漢熙版《高級英語》第二冊lesson1課后練習(xí)答案習(xí)題全解I.LasVegas.LasVegascityistheseatofClarkCountyinSouthNevada.In1970ithadapopulationof125,787people.Revenuefromhotels,gambling,entertainmentandothertourist-orientedindustriesformsthebackboneofLasVegas'seconomy,Itsnightclubsandcasinosareworldfamous.Thecityisalsothecommercialhubofaranchingandminingarea.Inthe19thcenturyLasVegaswasawateringplacefortravelerstoSouthCalifornia.In1.855-1857theMormonsmaintainedafortthere,andin1864FortBakerwasbuiltbytheU.S.army.In1867,LasVegaswasdetachedfromtheArizonaterritoryandjoinedtoNevada.(fromTheNewColumbiaEncyclopedia)Ⅱ.以下內(nèi)容需要回復(fù)才能看到1.Hedidn'tthinkhisfamilywasinanyrealdanger,HisformerhousehadbeendemolishedbyHurricaneBetsyforitonlystoodafewfeetabovesealevel.Hispresenthousewas23feetabovesealeveland250yardsawayfromthesea.Hethoughttheywouldbesafehereasinanyplaceelse.Besides,hehadtalkedthematteroverwithhisfatherandmotherandconsultedhislongtimefriend,CharlesHill,beforemakinghisdecisiontostayandfacethehurricane.2.MagnaProductsisthenameofthefirmownedbyJohnKoshak.Itdesignedanddevelopededucationaltoysandsupplies.3.Charliethoughttheywereinrealtroublebecausesaltywaterwasseawater.Itshowedtheseahadreachedthehouseandtheywereinrealtroublefortheymightbewashedintotheseabythetidalwave.4.AtthisCriticalmomentwhengrandmotherKoshakthoughttheymightdieatanymoment,shetoldherhusbandthedearestandthemostpreciousthingshecouldthinkof.Thiswouldhelptoencourageeachotherandenablethemtofacedeathwithgreaterserenity.5.JohnKoshakfeltacrushingguiltbecauseitwashewhomadethefinaldecisiontostayandfacethehurricane.Nowitseemedtheymightalldieinthehurricane.6.GrandmotherKoshakaskedthechildrentosingbecauseshethoughtthiswouldlessentensionandboostthemoraleofeveryone.7.JanisknewthatJohnwastryinghisbesttocomfortandencourageherforhetoofelttherewasapossibilityoftheirdyinginthestorm.Ⅲ.1.Troduction,development,climax,andconclusion.Thefirst6paragraphsareintroductoryparagraphs,givingthetime,place,andbackgroundoftheconflict-manversushurricanes.Theseparagraphsalsointroducethecharactersinthestory.2.Thewriterfocuseschieflyonactionbuthealsoclearlyandsympatheticallydelineatesthecharactersinthestory.3.JohnKoshak,Jr.,istheprotagonistinthestory.4.Manandhurricanesmakeuptheconflict.5.ThewriterbuildsupandsustainsthesuspenseinthestorybydescribingindetailandvividlytheincidentsshowinghowtheKoshaksandtheirfriendsstruggledagainsteachonslaughtofthehurricane.6.Thewritergivesorderandlogicalmovementtothesequenceofhappeningsbydescribingaseriesofactionsintheorderoftheiroccurrence.7.Thestoryreachesitsclimaxinparagraph27.8.IwouldhaveendedthestoryattheendofParagraph27,becausethehurricanepassed,themaincharacterssurvived,andthestorycouldcometoanaturalend.9.Yes,itis.BecausethewriterstateshisthemeorthepurposebehindhisstoryinthereflectionofGrandmotherKoshak:"Welostpracticallyallourpossessions,butthefamilycamethroughit.WhenIthinkofthat,Irealizewelostnothingimportant.Ⅳ.1.We're23feetabovesealevel.2.Thehousehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehasevercausedanydamagetoit.3.Wecanmakethenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.4.Watergotintothegeneratorandputitout.Itstoppedproducingelectricity,sothelightsalsowentout.5.Everybodygooutthroughthebackdoorandruntothecars.6.Theelectricalsystemsinthecarhadbeenputoutbywater.7.AsJohnwatchedthewaterinchitswayupthesteps,hefeltastrongsenseofguiltbecauseheblamedhimselfforendangeringthewholefamilybydecidingnottofleeinland.8.()hGod,pleasehelpustogetthroughthisstormsafely.9.GrandmotherKoshaksangafewwordsaloneandthenhervoicegraduallygrewdimmerandstopped.10.Janisdisplayedratherlatetheexhaustionbroughtaboutbythenervoustensioncausedbythehurricane.Ⅴ.Seethetranslationofthetext.Ⅵ.1.main:aprincipalpipeorlineinadistributingsystemforwater,gas,electricity,etc.2.sitout:stayuntiltheendeby;(AmericanEnglish)payavisit4.blowin：burstopenbythestorm.5.douse:putout(abypouringwateroverit6.kill：(AmericanEnglish)tocause(anengine-etc．)tostop7．swath：thespacecoveredwithonecutofascythe;alongstrip0rtrack0fanykind8．bar：ameasureinnotesbetweentwoverticallines0namusicsheetshedorothersmalloutbuildingwithaslopingupperendofwhichrestsagainstthewallofanotherbuilding10．Seabee：amemberoftheconstructionbattalionsoftheCivilEngineerCorpsofthebuildharboretc．SeabeestandsforCB,shortforConstructionBattalion．Ⅶ．1．destroy一詞最為常見，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)破壞的力度之大和徹底，一般不帶感情或修辭色彩。demolish和raze常用引申義，指任何復(fù)合體的被毀，如demolishatheorywithafewincisivecomments。意即“用幾句鋒利的評語推翻某種理論”。而raze幾乎無一例外地用于指建在這些詞中所表示的損壞程度最為強(qiáng)烈，字面意思是“化為烏有”，但實(shí)際上往往用于指對人或物的嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷。如說annihilateanenemyforce，是指使敵軍遭到重創(chuàng)，不僅沒有還手之力。而且沒有招架之功。如說annihilateone’sopponentinadebate，是指徹底駁倒對手。teethhavebeguntodecay．(他的牙齒開始老化變壞。)rot指有機(jī)物質(zhì)，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐敗變質(zhì)，如：rottingapples(爛了的蘋果)。spoil用于非正式文體，常指食物變質(zhì)。如：Fishspoilsquicklyin用于指物體緩慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Oldbuildingsmolderaway．(老房子漸漸腐爛了。)disintegrate意指把某物從整體變?yōu)樗槠蛞粋€(gè)個(gè)部分。如：rocksdisintegratedbyfrostandrain(被霜和雨蝕裂成碎塊的巖石)。decomposecallbedecompose(bedecomposed)intohydrogenandoxygen．(水可分解成氧和氧。)該詞還可用來替代rot，使語氣略顯委婉。Ⅷ.1.television=tele+vision,acombiningform"tele-"plusanoun"vision".Furtherexamples,telegram,telephone,telescope,telegraph,telecommunication,telecast,etc.2.northwestward=north+west+wardornorthwest+ward."-ward"isasuffixmeaning“ina(specific)directionorcourse".Furtherexamples:eastward.westward.backward,upward,inward,outward,seaward,home-ward.etc.3.motel=motorist+hotel,ablendwordformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords.Furtherexamples:smog=smoke+fog.smaze=smoke+haze,brunch=breakfast+lunch,moped=motor+pedal,galumph=gallop=triumph,etc.4.bathtub=bath+tub,acompoundwordformedbycombiningtwonouns.Furtherexamples:bathrobe,bathroom.bedroom,roommate,butterfly,dragonfly,football.housekeeper,etc.5.returnees=return+ees,averbplusanounformingsuffix"-ee"designatingapersoninspecifiedcondition.Furtherexamples:employee,refugee,retiree,examinee,escapee,nominee,interviewee,divorcee.張漢熙版《高級英語》第二冊lesson1課后練習(xí)答案(2)IX.1."lash"asin""'CamillelashednorthwestwardacrosstilegulfofMexico".Avividwaytosay"strikewithgreatforce".2."pummel"asin"ItwascertaintopummelGulfport..."Becausethe'wordisoriginallyappliedtohumanbeings,meaning"beatrepeatedlywiththefists".3."whip"asin"Windandrainnowwhippedthehouse".Becauseitismorevividthan"fallheavilyon".4."kill"asin"theelectricalsystemshadbeenkilledbywater".Becauseitleavesadeeperimpressiononthereadersthan"stop"does.5."inchone'sway"asin"Waterincheditswayupthesteps…”Itmakesthereadersalsoseeclearlythatwaterwasrisinglittlebylittle.6."bother"asin"nohurricanehaseverbotheredit".Itvirtuallymeans"dodamageto"here.7."lap"asin"Johnwatchedthewaterlapatthesteps…",meaning"extendbeyondsomelimit"or,infact,"riseslowly".8."skim"asin"thehurricane...liftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair",whichgivesthereadersadeepimpressionofhowstrongthewindwas.9."seize"asin"Itseizeda600,000-gallonGulfportoiltank1anddumpedit3ymilesaway".Itseemedasifthehurricanehadaverystrongandlargehand.10."crack"and"snap"asin"Telephonepolesand20-inchthickpinescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnappedthem",providingthereaderswithavividpictureofwindsblowingviolently.X.Simile:1.Thechildrenwentfromadulttoadultlikebucketsinafirebrigade.(comparingthepassingofchildrentothepassingofbucketsinafirebrigadewhenfightingafire)2.Thewindsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway.(comparingthesoundofthewindtotheroarofapassingtrain)Metaphor:1.Wecanbattendownandrideitout.(comparingthehouseinahurricanetoashipfightingastormatsea)2.Windandrainnowwhippedthehouse.(Strongwindandrainwaslashingthehouseasifwithawhip.)Personification:1.Amomentlater,thehurricane,inonemightyswipe,liftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair.(Thehurricaneactedasaverystrongpersonliftingsomethingheavyandthrowingitthroughtheair.)2.Itseizeda600,000-gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit31/2milesaway.(Thehurricaneactedasaverystrongmanliftingsomethingveryheavyanddumpingit31/2milesaway.).Ⅺ.Ellipticalandshortsimplesentencesgenerallyincreasethetempoandspeedoftheactionsbeingdescribed.Henceinadramaticnarrationtheyservetoheightentensionandhelpcreateasenseofdangerandurgency.Forexamplesseethetext,paragraphs10-18and21-26.Ⅻ.Thetopicsentenceofparagraph1is"JohnKoshak,Jr.,knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbebad."ThisideaisdevelopedorsupportedbyfactsorreasonsshowinghowJohnKoshak,Jr.,knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbelastsentenceintroducessomeothercharactersinhestoryandservesasatransitiontothenextimportantpointinthestory—whyJohnKoshakJr．，decidednottoabandonhishome．ⅩⅢ．在給出答案之前，首先將該題中的幾個(gè)語法術(shù)語解釋一下。Thesentencefragment：片斷句。一個(gè)合乎語法的完整句子必須具有主語斷句是指像短語、從句、同位語以及其他諸如此類不能夠獨(dú)立使用的語言單位。來，那便叫做片斷句，練習(xí)中的第1、第3和第4句就是這樣的非完整句，即片斷句。Therun—onsentence:誤用逗號連接句。該斷句的地方?jīng)]有正確地使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符起成為一個(gè)不合語法、結(jié)構(gòu)松散的句子稱融合句。如果兩個(gè)完整的句子中間只第2句即是。Thedanglingmodifier：垂懸修飾語。由非謂語動詞(分詞、動名詞、不定式)組成的短語若使用不當(dāng)，與其所修飾的成分沒有實(shí)質(zhì)上的聯(lián)系，這飾語。練習(xí)中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂懸修飾語。Theillogicalorfaultyparallelism：誤用平行句法。誤用平行句法指用平行結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)并非平行的思想內(nèi)容。這是應(yīng)該避免的修辭上的毛病。不能將which或who引導(dǎo)的從句用and等)只能用于聯(lián)接句中起同一語法作用的平行成分。練習(xí)中的第9、10、11、12句都是誤用平行結(jié)構(gòu)的例句。Theshiftinpointof應(yīng)隨便轉(zhuǎn)換。練習(xí)中的第13、14、15句都是角度轉(zhuǎn)換的例子。練習(xí)中的錯(cuò)句可改正如下：Thebasketballgamewascanceledbecausehalfoftheplayerswereinbedwithflu．Thesesnakesaredangerous。However，mostsnakesarequiteharmless．3．Lookingouttowardthehorizon，sheSawonlytheoldcabininwhichMarywassinglecottonwoodthathadescapedthedroughtandtheapparentlyboundlessexpanseofsunburnedprairie．4．Weknewthatalthoughthedocumentshavebeenstolentheyhavenotyetbeenseenbyaforeignagent．5．LastIhadgraduatedfromhighmyfatherputmetoworkinhisoffice．6．Toappreciatethepoem，onemustreaditaloud．7．1missedthatfilmbecauselhadtostayhometohelpmymotherwashclotheslastSunday．8．Drivingacrossthestate，onesawmanybeautifullakes．9．Unselfishpeoplearenotonlyhappierbutalsomore1O．Ifinallyrealizedthatmydaydreamingwasnotmakingmebeautifulandslenderorbringingmefriends．11．Heisamanofwideexperienceandalsoofgreatpopularityamongthefarmers．12．Iaminterestedinisanewfieldandwhichoffersinterestingopportunities10onewhoknowsscience．13．Wecarefullyswepttheroomanddustedthefurnitureandtheshelves。14．Ifone’smouthisshouldeatalumpofsugarorchewgum．15．Youmustmakeyourselfinterestingtothegroupthatlistens23toyouandisconstantlytryingtodetectyourmistakesⅪV.Omitted.XV.GaleKillsPeopleFourpeoplegotkilledwhenagalesweptacrossseveralpartsofSouthEnglandandWalesyesterday.Aschoolboyoftenwasstruckbyflyingdebrisandlosthislifewhentheroofofaprefabricatedclassroomwasblownoffandthewallscavedin.Theboywasoneofseventychildrenbeingledtosafety.Whentheteachersawtheroofbeginningtolift,heaskedhispupilstofollowhimtoasafeplace.Unfortunately,theboywaskilled.Anothertwochildrenweretakentohospitalwithslightinjury.Awoman,aged81,waskilledwhenachimney,dislodgedbyastrongwind,fellthroughtheroofofherhome.Anotherwoman,aresidentonthefirstfloorofabuilding,wasalsokilledoutrightbythefallingmasonry.Someresidentsweretakentohospitalandtherestevacuated.Adrivermethisdeathnearafillingstationwhenhiscarranintoatreethathadfallenacrosstheroad.張漢熙版《高級英語》第二冊lesson2課后練習(xí)答案習(xí)題全解Ⅰ.Marrakech:inwestcentralMorocco,attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas,130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.Thecityrenownedforleathergoods,isoneoftheprincipalcommercialcentersofMorocco.Itwasfoundedin1062andwasthecapitalofMoroccofromthenuntil1147andagainfrom1550to1660.ItwascapturedbytheFrenchin1912,whenitsmoderngrowthbegan.Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.Yearlyrainfallis9inchesandlimitedtowintermonths.ThecitywasformerlyalsocalledMorocco.Morocco:LocatedinNorthAfrica,ontheMediterraneanSeaandtheAtlanticOcean.MoroccoisthefarthestwestofalltheArabcountries.Rabatisthecapital.Theestimatedpopulationin1973was15,600,000.About2000B.C.itwassettledbyBerbertribes,whohaveformedthebasisofthepopulationeversince.TheArabsinvadedMoroccointhe7thcentury,bringingwiththemIslam.Fromtheendofthe17thcenturyuntiltheearly19thcenturyMoroccowasalmostentirelyfreefromforeigninfluence.Butin1912,aFranco-SpanishagreementdividedMoroccointo4administrativezones.Itgainedindependencein1956andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchyin1957.MoroccoisamemberoftheUnitedNations,theLeagueofArabStates,andtheOrganizationofAfricanUnity.Moroccansaremainlyfarmers(70%)whotrytogrowtheirownfood.Theyoftenusecamels,donkeysandmulestopulltheirplows.Inthesouthafewtribesmenstill,wanderfromplacetoplaceinthedesert.Ⅱ.以下內(nèi)容需要回復(fù)才能看到1.Herearefivethingshedescribestoshowpoverty-(a)theburialofthepoorinhabitants(b)anArabNavvy,anemployeeofthemunicipality,beggingforapieceofbread(c)themiserablelivesoftheJewsintheghettoes~(d)cultivationofthepoorsoil;(e)theoldwomencarryingfirewood.2.Seeparagraphs1and2.3.Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesasanimalsinsteadofashumanberags.4.MedievalghettoeswereprobablyliketheJewishquartersinMarrakech--overcrowded,thousandsofpeoplelivinginanarrowstreet,housescompletelywindowless,andthewholeareadirtyandunhygienic.5.IfHitlerwerehere,alltheJewswouldhavebeenmassacred.6.Thosewhoworkwiththeirhandsarepartlyinvisible.It’sonlybecauseofthisthatthestarvedcountriesofAsiaandAfricaareacceptedastouristresorts.Thepeoplearenottreatedashumanbeings,anditisonthisfactthatallcolonialempiresareinrealityfounded.7.Seeparagraph18.8.Theoldwomanwassurprisedbecausesomeonewastakingnoticeofherandtreatingherasahumanbeing.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosay,asabeastofburden.9,Everywhitemanthought."Howmuchlongercanwegoonkiddingthesepeople?Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?"Theyknewtheycouldnotgoonfoolingtheseblackpeopleanylonger.Somedaytheywouldriseupinrevoltandfreethemselves.Ⅲ.1.Yes,itis.InthisessayOrwelldenouncestheevilsofcolonialismorimperialismbymercilesslyexposingthepoverty,miseryanddegradationofthenativepeopleinthecolonies.2.Hemanagestoshowthatheisoutragedatthespectacleofmisery,first,throughtheappropriateuseofwordssecond,throughthecleverchoiceofthesceneshedescribes;third,throughthetoneinwhichhedescribesthesescenesandfinally,bycontrastingtheindignationatthecruelhandlingofthedonkeywiththeunconcerntowardsthefateofthehumanbeings.3.Becausethatshowsthecrueltreatmentthedonkeysreceiveevokesagreaterfeelingofsympathyinthebreastsofthewhitemastersthanthemiserablefateofthepeople.Thiscontrasthaveonthereaderaneffectthatthepeoplearenotconsiderednortreatedashumanbeings.4.Paragraphs4-7couldaswellcomeafter8-15asbefore.Othergroupsofparagraphscouldberearranged.Thisindicatesthatthewholepassageismadeupofvariousindependentexamplesorillustrationsofthepeople'spovertyandsuffering.Thecentraltheme--allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact--givesunityandcohesiontothewholeessay.5.Thisessaygivesanewinsightintoimperialism.Yes,hehassucceededinshowingthatimperialismisan"evilthing".6.Orwellisgoodattheappropriateuseofsimplebutforcefulwordsandthecleverchoiceofthesceneshedescribes.Hislucidstyleandfineattentiontosignificantdescriptivedetailsefficientlyconveyedtothereadersthecentralidea"allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact",thefactthatthepeoplearenotconsideredortreatedashumanbeings.IV.1.Theburing-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.2.Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikenottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings).3.Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.4.Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.5.Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhereagreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited.6.EveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasapieceofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford.7.However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.8.Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.9.Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas(forthesetrips42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ.wouldnotbeinteresting)．10．lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeople．Withhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil．11．Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal．12．Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible．13．TheSenegalessoldierswerewearingready—madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell—builtbodies．14．Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus?。15．Everywhiteofficersontheirhorsesandthewhitewiththeblackthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismind．Ⅴ.Seethetranslationofthetext．Ⅵ.1．chant：wordsrepeatedinamonotonoustoneofvoice2．navvy：abbreviationof“navigator”，aBritishwordmeaninganunskilledlaborer，asoncanals，，roads，etc．3．Stow：putorhideawayinasafeplace4．warp：bend，curve，ortwistoutofshape5．self-contained：self—sufficient；havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary6．wretched：poorinquality，veryinferior7．mummified：thinandwithered，lookinglikeamummy8．reach—me—down：(Britishcolloquialism)second—handorready—madeclothing9．charger：ahorseriddeninbattleoronparade指因痛苦、憂傷或悲哀而發(fā)出悲切的聲音，并伴以流更具體，強(qiáng)調(diào)流淚；sob指嗚嗚咽咽、一吸一頓地哭泣；wail指無法抑制悲哀而拖長聲調(diào)痛哭；whimper43指像受驚的小孩一樣聲音壓抑地、時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地哭；moan則指因悲傷或痛苦而低聲地、拖長聲調(diào)地哀嘆。行為不能自制；delirium指暫時(shí)性精神極端錯(cuò)亂(如酒醉發(fā)燒時(shí))，具體表現(xiàn)為煩躁不安、語無倫次和產(chǎn)生幻覺；frenzy是非醫(yī)學(xué)用語，指狂暴不能自制。hysteria在精神病學(xué)上指心因性紊亂，表現(xiàn)為容易激動、焦躁不安、感官和運(yùn)動功能紊亂以及不自覺地模擬眼瞎、耳聾等。用于引申義時(shí)，mania指對于某amaniafor指極度興奮，如adeliriumofjoy(狂喜)；hysteria指強(qiáng)烈的、不可控制的感情爆發(fā)，如：Shelaughedandcriedinher情難以控制。)。張漢熙版《高級英語》第二冊lesson2課后練習(xí)答案(2)3．flash指突發(fā)的、短暫而耀眼的閃光；gleam指黑暗中閃現(xiàn)出的一束穩(wěn)定指由物體反射出的星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的閃指外部亮光反指由微波蕩漾的水面反照出的柔和的閃光。nounin—ing+cup，hidingpoint，carvingdesk，typingpaper，swimmingsuit2．gravestone(noun+noun)：oilwell，silkworm，shirt—sleeves，girl—friend，gaslight，bloodstain，frogman，win—dow—pane3．mid—air(adjective+noun)：half—brother，black—market，half—pay。darkroom，madman，double—talk，hothouse，handyman4．orercrowding(adverb+verbalnounin—ing)：dry-cleaning，underpricing，underrating，down—grading，up—dating5．nine—tenths(adj．fromacardinalnumberan44ordinalnumber):one-fifth,two-sixths,three-eighths,one-ninthIX.1."thread"asin"Thelittlecrowdofmourners...threadedtheirwayacrossthemarket…",indicatingthatthemarketwassocrowdedthatthecrowdcouldhardlypassthrough.2."rise","sweat","starve",and"sink"asin"Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard"-",givingadeepimpressionofhowthesepeopleliveashortandmiserablelife.3."sidle"asin"AnArabnavvyworkingonthepathnearbyloweredhisheavyhoeandsidledslowlytowardsus",showingclearlyhowashymanwalkedcarefully.4."grope"asin"Evenablindman.'.heardarumourofcigarettesandcamecrawlingout,gropingintheairwithhishand",presentingaclearpictureofablindmandesiringtogetacigarette.5."mummify"asin"Allofthemaremummifiedwithageandthesun"--",aforcefulwordindicatingwhatamiserablestatethosewomenarein.6."hobble"asin"'"thefileofoldwomenhadhobbledpastthehousewiththeirfirewood"'",indicatingthatthesewomencouldnotwalkproperlybecauseoftheheavyloadtheywerecarrying.7."tip"asin"""itsmastertipsitintotheditch""",showinghowcasuallyamasterdealswithhisdeaddogwhichhasservedhimdevotedly.8."stow"asin"Itoreoffapieceandhestoweditgratefullyinsomesecretplaceunderhisrags",designatinghowmuchthepoornavvytreasuredthatpieceofbread.Ⅹ.1.AftertheBritisharmyhadlostallitsequipmentatDunkirk,therewasonlyasinglearmoreddivisonlefttoprotectthehomeisland.2.Althoughthedryprairielandwilldriftawayinduststorms,itisstillbeingplowedforprofitlesswheatfarming.3.Iftheeducationalprogramistosucceed,ithastohavemorethanmerefinancialsupportfromthegovernment.4.Theyhavewastedtheirnaturalresources,whichtheyshouldhaveprotectedandconserved.5.SoonothersettlerswerecominginoverthefirstroughtrailwhichtheCaldwellfamilyhadopened.6.TheSmithsonianInstituteisconstantlyworking,withlittleornopublicity,forabetterunderstandingofnatureforman'sbenefit.7.QueenMarywaseasilyshakenbypassions--passionsofloveandofhatredandrevenge.8.ForafewdaysIdreadedopeningthedoorofhisoffice.9.Concealedbythefogofearlydawn,Icrawledoutandmademywaytothebeach.10.Leavingthedoorofthesafeunlockedandtakingtheleatherbagofcoins,Iwalkeddownthestreettowardthebank.Ⅺ.1."Lifeonthefarmisanbattleagainstnature"issentence.Thisparagraphlacksunity.Itisabadpieceofwriting.Thewriterofthisparagraphhascompletelyforgottenwhathehadstartedouttosay.Insteadofbeingan"eternalbattle",lifeinthisparagraphbe-comesapleasantandexcitingexperience--whichitprobablyis,butthatisnotwhatthewritersetouttoprove."TherearethreereasonswhyIlikeJapanesefood"isthetopicsentence.Thisparagraphlacksunitybecausethewriterintroducesfactsandideasirrelevanttothetopicstatedinhisopeningsentence,e.g."However,mostJapaneseloverice.OneofmyJapanesefriendshasatleasttwobowlsofriceateverymeal."and"Also,fromthemalepointofview,Japaneserestaurantsareattractiveforanotherreason--thebeautifullittledoll-likewaitresses,whobowandsmileshylyastheyserveyourfood.Ⅻ.pulled,feel,goes,went,come,fe11,altered,paralyzedseemed,sagged,slobbered,settled,imagined,fired,collapse,climbed,drooping,did,jolt,knock,falling,tower,reaching,trumpeted,came,shakeⅩⅢ.Omitted.ⅪⅤ.ShackDwellersinOldShanghaiAttheedgeofOldShanghai,thereweresomeareasneglectedbythesplendidcity:theyweredesolate,dirty,andlayhumblyatthefootofhigh-risefactorychimney.Fromthepointofviewofthecityresidents,theseplaceswerenotsuit-ableformen.There,however,didlivecrowdsofcreaturecalledhumanbeings.Theydwelledintheshackstheybuiltthemselves.Ashackwasmadeupofmudanddriedhay--theformerbeingthecomponentofwallsandthelatterbeingtheroof.Usuallytherewasasmalldoorwithathinwoodenboardandseldomwasthereanywindow.Onecouldeasilytouchtheroofwithhishand.Theshackwassmallanddim,thusthedoorwasseldomkeptclosed.Whenitrainedorblew,therewasnomoredifferenceinsidethanoutside.Howdidtheymanagetolive?Someofthemwereroadbuilders:theydughardwithapickaxe,pulledahugestonerollertoflattentheroad,ordugguttersundergroundalltheday.Somemadealivingbywheelbarrow.Withaloadofnearly500kilogrammes,theypushedforwardsweatingallover.Somedraggedtheirrickshaws.Andamongthoseshackdwellersweremanyindustrialworkers,maleandfemale.Whenachildgrewtobethirteen,heorshestartedtoworkinafactory.Inshort,thevastmajorityofthepeopledidtoilbutgotaslightgain.張漢熙版《高級英語》第二冊lesson3課后練習(xí)答案(2)8．TheEnglishlanguagereceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbytheKingoncemore．9．Thephrase，theKing’sEnglish，hasalwaysbeenuseddisrespectfullyandjokinglybythelowerTheworkingpeopleveryoftenmakefunoftheproperandformallanguageoftheeducatedpeople．10．Therestillexistsintheworkingpeople，asintheearlySaxonpeasants，aspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthorityoftherulingclass．11．Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthatwemightforgetthatwordsareonlysymbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent．Forexample，theword“dog”isasymbolrepresentingakindofanimal．Wemustn’tregardtheword“dog”asbeingtheanimalitself．12．Eventhemosteducatedandliteratepeopledonotusestandard，formalEnglishallthetimeintheirconversation．V．Seethetranslationofthetext．Ⅵ?1.onthemetaphor，comparingamarriagetoashipwreckedontherocks2．getoutofbedonthewrongbeinabadtemperfortheday(Themeaningisperhapsderivedfromtheexpression“Yougotoutofbedthewrongway”．Itwasanancientsuperstitionthatitwasunluckytosettheleftfootonthegroundfirstongettingoutofbed．)3．onconversationtoabirdflyingandsoaring．Itmeanstheconversationsoonbecamespiritedand4．turnupone’snoseat：scorn；showscornfor5．intotheshoes：metaphor(ormoreappropriatelyanidiomaticexpression)，thinkasifonewerewearingtheshoesoftheSaxonpeasant，i．e．a(chǎn)sifonewereaSaxonpeasant6comeintoone’sown：receivewhatproperlybelongstoone，especiallyacclaimorrecognition657．situpsuddenlyalertandtakenoticeofⅦ．1．ignorant指缺乏知識，可以是就整體而言(如anignorant以是就某一具體方面或問題而言(如ignorantofthereasonoftheirquarrel意為缺乏文化修養(yǎng)，尤指讀寫能力的缺乏；uneducated指沒有受到正規(guī)的、系統(tǒng)的學(xué)校教育；unlearned意為學(xué)問unlearnedinscience，意為對科學(xué)懂得有限，但對其他學(xué)科，如文學(xué)、哲學(xué)等，倒可能是很精通的。指對某事疑惑不信或缺乏尊敬而用無禮、輕蔑的言詞或加以嘲笑；sneer辱性的言詞或粗魯?shù)某巴ǔＶ覆粠阂獾娜⌒蜃髋说男αR；flout主要指以不理不睬或視而不見的態(tài)度表示出的輕侮蔑視。Ⅷ．conversation(communication)，intercourse，com，correspondence，truck，etcⅨ．uncomplicated，uninvolved，simple，plain，unmixed，unmingled．uncombined，unsophisticated，straight，elementaryetc．Ⅹ．以下內(nèi)容需要回復(fù)才能看到ThefollowingwordsareallborrowedfromFrench：1．冷餐2．烹調(diào)3．檸檬汁4．烈性甜酒5．早餐／午餐6．菜譜7．沙龍／客廳8．晚會9．景泰藍(lán)10煎雞蛋11．餐館老板12．保留節(jié)目，全部節(jié)目全部技能13政變14．芭蕾舞團(tuán)15．隨員16．連音／連絡(luò)17記憶錯(cuò)覺／回憶幻想18．再來一次19．放流行歌曲唱片的夜總會20枝形吊燈Ⅺ．1．Nooneknowshowtheconversationwillgoasitmovesaimlesslyanddesultorilyorasitbecomesspiritedandexciting.2.Itisnotamatterofinterestiftheyarecrossorinabadtemper.3.Barfriends,althoughtheymeteachotherfrequently,didnotdelveintoeachother'slivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings.4.Suddenlyamiraculouschangeintheconversationtookplace.5.Theconversationsuddenly