MainContents:1.1IntensiveReading1.2DevelopYourWritingQuizTimeUnit1ARTWhatdoyouknowaboutthesefamouspaintings?P2ReadingandThinking

P1:WhatisWesternart?Itishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.Unit1ARTTask1:Skimthepassagetofindouttopicsentence

也許了解西方藝術(shù)的最好方法就是看看幾個世紀以來西方繪畫的發(fā)展。A.Thelatestdevelopmentofart.B.TypicalpaintersandtheirworksofImpressionism.C.CharacteristicsofpaintingsduringtheRenaissance.D.PaintingsintheMiddleAges.E.GeneralintroductiontoWesternart.Task2:matchthemainideawitheachparagraph

P1P2P3-5P6-7P8ABCDEP2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ART5th14th17th19th20thThemiddleagesImpressionismModernArt15thThe

RenaissanceP2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTTheMiddleAges(5th-15thcentury)

TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)

DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTToteachpeopleaboutChistianityTorepresentreligiousthemesreligiousthemes；primitiveandtwo-dimensionalGiottodiBondoneMainpurposeoftheart:Characteristics:Representativeartist:Themiddleages(5th-15thcentury)P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTGiottodiBondone喬托·迪·邦多納Representativeartist:Themiddleages(5th-15thcentury)喬托（diBondone），（生于1266-67/1276年，佛羅倫薩附近的維斯皮尼亞諾-8年1337月1334日卒于佛羅倫薩），第一位偉大的意大利畫家，活躍在佛羅倫薩。他用壁畫和面板畫裝飾了阿西西、羅馬、帕多瓦、佛羅倫薩和那不勒斯的小教堂和教堂。他一生中聲名鵲起，他被認為是歐洲繪畫之父，因為他打破了拜占庭藝術(shù)的非個人風格化，引入了自然主義和人性、三維空間和三維形式的新理想。意大利繪畫課程由他的學生和追隨者主導。他的作品指出了一個世紀后發(fā)展起來的文藝復興風格的創(chuàng)新。P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTTheMiddleAges(5th-15thcentury)TheRenaissance(14th-17thcentury)

TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)

NewideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddleAges.Asaresult,paintersconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes.Theybegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.AnimportantbreakthroughduringthisperiodwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio(1401-1428).InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519,Michelangelo(1475-1564),andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio'sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTAnotherinnovationwastheuseofoilpaints.Withtheirdeepcoloursandrealism,someofthebestoilpaintingslooklikephotographs.WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606-1669),whogainedareputationasamasterofshadowandlight.P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTtheuseofperspective透視法TheRenaissance(14th-17thcentury)Inthisperiod,therewere2breakthroughs:

theuseofoilpaints油彩P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTMasaccio馬薩喬

Representativeartist:TheRenaissance(14th-17thcentury)意大利文藝復興繪畫的奠基人，被稱為”現(xiàn)實主義開荒者“。馬薩喬英年早逝，僅活了27年，但在他短短的一生中創(chuàng)造了輝煌的成就。他的生命如流星一般絢爛而短暫，卻像一束光一樣照亮了當時的畫壇，因為他的原因人們開始了一場關(guān)于繪畫的革命。他的壁畫被稱為是人文主義的一個開端，是一個最早的里程碑。他是第一位使用透視法的畫家，在他的畫中首次引入了滅點，這為后來的藝術(shù)家提供了一個很好的典范。馬薩喬將“滅點”放在了十字架的腳下，由于這個點在前景的視平線上，使得下半部的陵墓非常突出，而上半部的禮拜堂則向遠處退去，塑造了深邃的空間感。觀眾仿佛坐在舞臺前的第一排座位上，從一個極其逼真的角度觀賞著正在上演的故事。P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTLeonardodaVinciRepresentativeartists:TheRenaissance(14th-17thcentury)P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTRepresentativeartists:TheRenaissance(14th-17thcentury)Michelangelo米開朗基羅P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTRepresentativeartists:TheRenaissance(14th-17thcentury)RaphaelP2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTRepresentativeartists:TheRenaissance(14th-17thcentury)Rembrandt倫勃朗P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTInsubjectmatter,theemphasisincreasinglyshiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus.Kings,nobles,andpeopleofhighrankwantedtopurchaseaccuratepicturesofthemselvesandthepeopletheyloved.Otherswantedpaintingsshowingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.P2ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTTheRenaissance(14th-17thcentury)

Impressionism(19th-20thcentury)

Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotographyinthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,ImpressionisemergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet(1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescenethesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim-butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.莫奈想傳達場景中的光線和運動——場景給他的主觀印象——而不是場景本身的詳細記錄。P3ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTWhilemanyImpressionistspaintedscenesofnatureordailylife,others,suchasRenoir(1841-1919),focusedonpeople.Unlikethecold,black-and-whitephotographsofthattimeperiod,Renoir'spaintingsarefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife.Hesoughttoshownotjusttheouterimageofhissubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswell.P3ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTClaudeMonet克勞德·莫奈Representativeartist:Impressionism(19th-20thcentury)

奧斯卡-克勞德·莫奈，法國畫家，被譽為“印象派領(lǐng)導者”，是印象派代表人物和創(chuàng)始人之一。莫奈是法國最重要的畫家之一，印象派的理論和實踐大部分都有他的推廣。莫奈擅長光與影的實驗與表現(xiàn)技法。他最重要的風格是改變了陰影和輪廓線的畫法，在莫奈的畫作中看不到非常明確的陰影，也看不到突顯或平涂式的輪廓線。光和影的色彩描繪是莫奈繪畫的最大特色。P3ReadingandThinkingUnit1ART

Impressionism(19th-20thcentury)

ModernArt(20th-)ToteachpeopleaboutChistianityTorepresentreligiousthemesreligiousthemesGiottodiBondoneMainpurposeoftheart:Characteristics:Representativeartist:ModernArt(20th-)P3ReadingandThinkingUnit1ARTModernArt(fromthe20thcenturytotoday)AfterImpressionism,subsequentartistsbegantoask,“Whatdowedonext?”PainterssuchasPicasso(1881-1973triedtoanalysetheshapeswhichexistedinthenaturalworldbutinanewway,withCubism.Others