**

2015年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試

英語(課程)（二）試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith--orevenlooking

at--astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythe

waytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1underground.

It'sasadreality--ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings--

becausethere's2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.But

youwouldn'tknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4:"Please

don'tapproachme."

Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?

Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefear

**

rejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as"creepy,".Wefearwe'll

be7.Wefearwe'llbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemore

likelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsand

acquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones."Phonesbecomeour

securityblanket,"Wortmannsays."Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfrom

whatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.”

Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,

itdoesn't12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpley

andJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.Theyhad

Chicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14."WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroeder

askedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalking

toastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysat

ontheirown,"theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn't

expectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,"notasingleperson

reportedhavingbeensnubbed."

18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesans

communication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocial

connections.It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.

1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signal[D]record

**

2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much

3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought

4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign

5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from

6.[A]misinterpret[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched

7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed

8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungrateful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar

9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry

10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn

11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring

12.[A]hurt[B]resist[C]bend[D]decay

**

13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation

14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers

15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predict[D]design

16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride

17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup

18.[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]Inconsequence

19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas

20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rare

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

**

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymore

stressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisa

stressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundit

higheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.

“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmen

havelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,

SarahDamske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes.“Itis

men,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Another

surpriseisthatfindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmore

sofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.

Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthe’y

reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.

Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostay

home,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethe

**

home,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringof

roles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceamaking

adjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressed

athome.

Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’re

supposedtobedoing:working,markingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoin

ordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursof

physicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.

Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdin

whichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealot

oftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhome

colleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalked

intoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronic

devices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallyget

togohomefromhome.

Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasks

apparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome_____

**

[A]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace

[B]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement

[C]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace

[D]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation

22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?

[A]Childlesswives

[B]Workingmothers

[C]Childlesshusbands

[D]Workingfathers

23.Theblurringofworkingwomen'srolesreferstothefactthat_____

[A]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice

**

[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback

[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind

[D]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives

24.Theword“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobablymeans_____

[A]skills

[B]energy

[C]earnings

[D]nutrition

25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat_____

[A]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut

[B]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment

**

[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating

[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded

Text2

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodo

nothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducation

achievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.But

sincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedin

highereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmore

ofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,

butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continued

toreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”abachievementgapbasedonsocial

class,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournal

PsychologicalScience.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothis

problem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-cost

program)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactors

asgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

**

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebased

onastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamed

privateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-

yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)were

recipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,

whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwith

afour-yeardegree.

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-was

basedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotin

potentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatface

mostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthis

isthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureof

highereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollege

resources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon’

ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.

BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscan

affectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksight

aboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudent’slikethemcan

**

improve.

26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas_______

[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates

[B]narrowedtheachievementgap

[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose

[D]depressedcollegestudents

27.Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause_______

[A]theproblemissolvable

[B]theirapproachiscostless

[C]therecruitingratehasincreased

[D]theirfindingappealtostudents

**

28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents______

[A]studyatprivateuniversities

[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies

[C]areinneedoffinancialsupport

[D]havefailedtheircollage

29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents_______

[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents

[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects

[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat_______

**

[A]universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class

[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources

[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences

[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

Text3

Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuch

moreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”said

HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinningoffexamples.

“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldsee

muchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,

therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy;we

didn’ttalkaboutpassion.”

Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-

oriented—andnotbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports—inmale-dominated

corporateAmerica,it’sstillabigdeal.It’snotexplicitlyconscious;it’stheidea

thatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,andwe’reinthistogether.Therearelots

**

andlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesas

coachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”

Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeanin—gand,asKhuranapoints

out,increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythat

historicallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligious

organizations:Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose”,saidKhurana.

Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamid

increasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalance.The“mommywars”ofthe1990s

arestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’thave

itallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzword

initsownright.Termslikeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareall

aboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehome.Butifyourworkisyour

“passion,”you’llbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoing

homefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.

Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,but

managersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.

AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinki’tsnonsenseatthesametimethat

youbuyintoit.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeand

itsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwor—kand

**

howyourworkdefineswhoyouare.

31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome_____

[A]moreemotional

[B]moreobjective

[C]lessenergetic

[D]lessstrategic

32.“Team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto_______

[A]historicalincidents

[B]genderdifference

[C]sportsculture

[D]athleticexecutives

**

33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto______

[A]revivehistoricalterms

[B]promotecompanyimage

[C]fostercorporatecooperation

[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty

34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn________

[A]voicesforworkingwomen

[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics

[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies

[D]praisesmotivatedemployees

35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?

**

[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit

[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense

[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental

[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit

Text4

Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedfor

June,alongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.

Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecent

pace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwe

arenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.

However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargely

overlooked.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhorepotvoluntarily

workingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.

BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakingan

importantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-time

**

jobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreasein

involuntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeans

thatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.

Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhas

beendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforethe

recession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromisyearagolevel.

Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemployment

becausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleis

theyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris“yes”,they

areclassifiedasworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtowork

lessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedas

voluntarypart-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan

35hoursaweek.

Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemain

purposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formany

people,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymemberswith

serioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewas

throughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.

**

However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeitherget

insurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomay

previouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinorder

tocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralink

betweenemploymentandinsurance.

36.Whichpartofthejobspictureareneglected?

[A]Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.

[B]Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timemarket.

[C]Thepossibilityoffullemployment.

[D]Theaccelerationofjobcreation.

37.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausethey_____.

[A]preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobs.

[B]feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeet.

**

[C]cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs.

[D]haven’tseentheweaknessofthemarket.

38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentistheUS_____.

[A]ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago.

[B]showsageneraltendencyofdecline.

[C]satisfiestherealneedofthejobless.

[D]islowerthanbeforetherecession.

39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,_____.

[A]itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsurance

[B]employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance

[C]itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembers

**

[D]full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance

40.Thetextmainlydiscusses_______.

[A]employmentintheUS

[B]part-timerclassification

[C]insurancethoughMedicaid

[D]Obamacare’strouble

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist[A]-[G]tofitintoeachofthenumbered

blank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Youarenotalone

**

[B]Don’tfearresponsibilityforyourlife

[C]Paveyourownuniquepath

[D]Mostofyourfearsareunreal

[E]Thinkaboutthepresentmoment

[F]Experiencehelpsyougrow

[G]Therearemanythingstobegratefulfor

Unfortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsad

experiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,aromantic

relationshiporahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslike

themostinopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon’tlastforever.

Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreater

understandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureand

eventuallymoveustowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.Iwant

tosharethesetenoldtruthsI’velearnedalongtheway.

**

41._____________________________

Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectus

bysignalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,peoplecreate

innerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorWillSmithonce

said,“Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstand

me.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.”Idocompletelyagreethatfearsare

justtheproductofourluxuriantimagination.

42_____________________________

Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,tryto

focusonthepresentmoment.Manyofusareweigheddownbythepastoranxious

aboutthefuture.Youmayfeelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoningthe

presentwiththethingsandcircumstancesyoucannotchange.Valuethepresent

momentandrememberhowfortunateyouaretobealive.Enjoythebeautyofthe

worldaroundandkeeptheeyesopentoseethepossibilitiesbeforeyou.Happiness

isnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,butamindsetthatcanbe

designedintothepresent.

43______________________________

**

Sometimesitiseasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.You

canbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciate

thethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinstead

ofcryingandcomplainingaboutsomething.

44________________________________

Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshould

alwaysrememberthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryone

respectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,

especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople.Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswho

provid