CollegeEnglishOne--IntensiveReading1CollegeEnglish(I)TeachingGroupDepartmentofForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchYangtzeNormalUniversityUnit1SomeStrategiesforLearningEnglishIntensivereadingObjectives： 1.UnderstandingthemainideaUnderstandthestructureLearnrelatedtermsMasterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext.ConductaseriesofspeakingandlisteningtaskbasedonthetextTeachingfocus:1.LearntounderstandthestrategiesforEnglishLeaning2.TheunderstandingreadingskillsPre-readingTasksWarmingupactivitiesPairwork/groupwork:studentsworkinpairsorgroupstodiscusstheiropinionsaboutthefollowingtopics.WhendidyourstoryoflearningEnglishstartoff?DoyouenjoylearningEnglish?Why?IenjoylearningEnglish,becauseIfinditveryinteresting.First,inmyopinion,Englishisabeautifullanguage,includingitspronunciationandshape.Ienjoyspeakingandlisteningtoit.DoyouhaveanytroublelearningEnglish?DoyouthinkitusefultolearnEnglishwiththehelpofsomestrategies?WhatstrategiesdoyouthinkcanbeemployedinEnglishlearning?WhatdoyouthinkisthemosteffectivewayoflearningEnglish?AsfarasIamconcerned,seeingEnglishmoviesisthemosteffectivewayoflearningEnglish.IchoosethosemoviesthatIhavegreatinterestin,suchascartoons.Foreachmovie,Iwillseeatleastthreetimes-withoutsubtitles,withChineseonesandwithEnglishones.Andatthesametimespeakloudlyafterthecharacters.Thoughenjoyingmovies,ImakeconsiderableprogressinEnglish.Informationrelatedtothetext.EnglishasanInternationalLanguageWorldwideover1.4billionpeopleliveincountrieswhereEnglishhasofficialstatus.Oneoutoffiveoftheworld'spopulationspeakssomeEnglish.Over70%oftheworld'sscientistsreadEnglish.About85%oftheworld'smailswritteninEnglish,and90%ofallinformationintheworld'selectronicretrievalsystemsisstoredinEnglish.LanguagelearningstrategiesLanguagelearningstrategiesareusedbylearnerstocompletespeaking,reading,vocabulary,listeningandwritingactivitiespresentedinlanguagelessons.Recognizingthatthereisatasktocompleteoraproblemtosolve,languagelearnerswillusewhateverstrategiestheypossesstoattendthelanguage-learningactivity.Possiblelanguagelearningstrategiesinclude:usingpracticeopportunities,self-evaluation,selectiveattention,timemanagement,reviewingnotestakeninclassandcheckingone’sunderstanding,constantlyseekinganswerstoquestionsinsteadofpassivelyreceivinginformation,etc.ActivevocabularyandpassivevocabularyActivevocabularyconsistofthewordsyouusefrequentlyandcomfortablyinspeakingandwriting,whilepassivevocabularyconsistsofthewordsyourecognizewhenyoureadandlisten.Input-outputbalancetheoryinlanguagelearningInputinlanguagelearningreferstoinformationread,seenorheardbythelearner,whileoutputreferstowhatthelearnerproducesinwritingandspeaking.Theinput-outputbalancetheoryinlanguagelearningbelievesthatonecanlearnalanguagewellthroughmaintainingabalancebetweeninputandoutput.EnglishisnotRealEnglish.SkimmingandscanningGlobalReadingPartsdivisionofthetextPartI(Paras.1-2)IntroducegloballythatwhilelearningEnglishisnoteasy,therearestillsomehelpfulstrategies.Partn(Paras.3-8)Introducesixhelpfulstrategiesindetail.Partm(Para.9)Concludethatlanguagelearningisaprocessofaccumulation.SummaryLearningEnglishisnoteasy,buttherearestillsomeusefulstrategiesthatwecanusetomakeiteasier.Thetextintroducessixstrategiesconcerningvocabulary,idioms,listening,speaking,readingandwriting,andthesestrategiescoverthebasicandimportantpointsinEnglishlearning.Thetextalsotellsusthatlanguagelearningisaprocessofaccumulation.Itisworthwhileforustotakeinasmuchaswecanfromreadingandlisteningandthenputthemintopracticethroughspeakingandwriting.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaboutthetextaretrueorfalse.Languagelearnersshouldmemorizeallthenewwords.(F)Whileactivewordsdemandconstantpracticeandmemorization,wordsthatdonotoftenoccurineverydaysituationsrequirejustanoddingacquaintance.It'simpossibletocramtoomanywordsintoyourheadatatime.(T)hemeaningofawordandthewaynativespeakersuseitareequallyimportant.(T)ListeningtoEnglishoccasionallywillimproveyourearandspeakingskills.(T)It'simportanttocatcheverydetailinEnglishlisteningcomprehension.(F)Thefirsttimeonemaynotcatchagreatdeal,butwitheachrepetitiononewillgetsomethingmore.LanguagelearnersdonotfindmanyopportunitiestopracticeoralEnglishatschool.(T)DiscourseAnalysisAstrategyreferstoasetofcarefullyplannedmethodsforachievingsomethingthatisdifficultandmaytakealongtime.Inintroducingsomestrategies,theauthoradoptsthestructureofProblem-StrategywithinaparagraphtoshowustheproblemsinEnglishlearningandthenproposesstrategiestosolvetheproblems.PleasescanthetextforsomeexamplesoftheProblemStrategyblemsstrategies1.Itisimpossibletomemorizeallthenewwordsyouarelearning.1.Dealwithactivevocabularyandpassivevocabularydifferently2.Youdonnotknowtheidometicusageofsomewords.2.Watchoutfornotonlythemeaningofawordbutalsothewayitisusedindailylife.3.Youmaynotbeabletocatchalotafterlisteningtoapassageforthefirsttime.3.Listentoitoverandoveragain.4.TherearefewsituationsforyoutopracticespeakingEnglishatschool.4.SeizeeveryoppotunitytospeakEnglishwithorwithoutapartner.WhatstrategiesdoyouthinkcanbeemployedinEnglishlearning?SuggestedStrategies:Makeyourownoppotunitiesforpracticeinusingthelanguageinsideandoutsidetheclassroom.Specificways:askyourteacherquestionsbefore,duringandafterclass.speaktoaforeignerlistentoanEnglishradioprogram.watchanEnglishmovie.readanEnglisharticleontheInternet.useEnglishsoftware.While-readingTasksTextLearningExplaintheskillofskimmingandscanningAskstudenttoskimthetexttohaveageneralideaaboutthetext.Underlinethedifficultwordsandsentencesandanswerthequestionsonpage7ExpalinthetextAskstudentstosumupthegoodhabitmentionedinthetextandlearnthembyheartintheclass.LanguagepointsandstructureNewwordsandexpressionsstrategy:n.theactofplanningandmanagingoperationsoveralongperiod.Example:It’aslongwayforourgovernmenttodevelopastrategyfordealingwithunemployment.★tactic:n.戰(zhàn)術(shù) tactical:adj.戰(zhàn)術(shù)的strategy:n.戰(zhàn)略 strategic:adj.戰(zhàn)略的Ourstrategyis“topitoneagainstten”,whileourtacticis“topittenagainstone”.我們的戰(zhàn)略是“以一當(dāng)十” ，我們的戰(zhàn)術(shù)是“以十當(dāng)一” 。means:n.（ofsth/doingsth）wayofdoingorachievingsthbyallmeans:usedtosaythatyouareverywillforsbtodosthExample:“DoyoumindifIhavealook?”“Byallmeans.”bynomeans/notbyanymeans:notatallExample:Sheisbynomeansaninexperiencedteacher.diligent,hard-working,industriousdiligent側(cè)重于對從事的工作十分熱愛，肯鉆研。主要用于埋頭從事某項(xiàng)工作，研究或調(diào)查等腦力勞動，只能形容人。hard-working常在口語中代替 diligent.③Industrious常用于文章中，通常指在工作中不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，可用于人，也可用于螞蟻，蜜蜂等動物。prolong:vt.【pro-（forword向前）+long】makesthlastlongerExample:Theoperationcouldprolonghislifebytwoorthreelong/lengthen①延長：prolong（時(shí)間的延長）/lengthen的■間或空間的延長）②（時(shí)間）延長：prolong（人為的延長）/lengthen（自然的延長）Example:Somepeoplehavetriedtofindameansofprolonginglife.Thedaysbegintolengtheninspring.sustainvt.【sus-（二sub:under）+tain（suppo收撐）】support;maintain;endureExample:Hopesustainhiminhismisery.在不幸中是希望在支撐著他。Thevillagersalongtheseacoastaresustainedbyfishingtrades海的村民靠漁業(yè)為生。complainv.saythatyouareannoyed,notsatisfied,orunhappyaboutsthorplainof（doing）sth:抱怨做某事complainthat…:抱怨Thetouristscomplainedthattheroomsweretoodirty.③complaintosbof/aboutsth因?yàn)槟呈卤г鼓橙?Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards,schoolsarethrowingthebooksatkids.Evenelementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomeworkduty.（CET-4,2003,12，閱讀）在提高教育水平的競爭中，學(xué)校將書本拋給了孩子。即使是小學(xué)生也在抱怨作業(yè)任務(wù)重。cram:vt.makesthtofullExample:Hecrammedeightpeopleintohiscar把 塞滿）Heisbeencrammingforhisexamsallweek.內(nèi)應(yīng)考臨時(shí)死記硬背）Boundadj.beboundtodo一定，必定Example:Don'tlietoher,sheisboundtofindoutallaboutit.beboundfor/to準(zhǔn)備前往，在前往 的途中Example:ShewasonaplaneboundforShanghai.knownobounds不知限量，無限Example:Itseemsthathisdesireforpolitivalpowerknowsnobounds.他對政治權(quán)力的欲望似乎是無止境的。constantadj.constancy:n.happeningregularlyorallthetimeExample:Therewasaconstantstreamofvisitorstothehouseft的診室不斷有家長前來求助。stayingthesameExample:Thetruckwastravellingatafairlyconstantspeed.loyalandfaithfulExample:Heisaconstantmitvt.

①將……托付給②犯（錯(cuò)誤罪行等）?Thedefenselawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthewitnessesofthemurdercommitedlastnight.（CET4,2005,12,詞匯）辯護(hù)律師在詢問那位老人，他是上個(gè)月謀殺案的目擊者之一。Collocation:犯罪/犯錯(cuò)/犯謀殺罪/犯縱火罪/自殺向某人承諾做某事犯罪/犯錯(cuò)/犯謀殺罪/犯縱火罪/自殺向某人承諾做某事致力于為某一特定目的而使用人力或物力把?一記住把…寫下來燒毀某物，將某物付之一炬murder/arson/suicidecommit(sb.)todoing(sth.)commitoneselfto(sth.)commit(sb./sth.)to(sth.)commit(sth.)tomemorycommit(sth.)topapercommit(sth.)toflamesacquaintancen.somebodyyouknowalittleExample:ShewasacasualacquaintanceofmyfamilyinVienna.knowledgeofsb.orsth.Example:Hehasapassingacquaintancewithalotofdifferentsubjects.Collocation:casualacquaintance 偶爾見面的人makesomebody'sacquaintance第一次見某人mutualacquaintance雙方者B認(rèn)識的人haveapassing/noddingacquaintancewithsth對…知之甚少::一言■辨異Hehasawidecircleofacquaintancesbutfewrealfriends.他的相識甚多,但沒有幾個(gè)是真正的朋友。Heisnotafriendbutabusinessassociat他不是朋友，而是業(yè)務(wù)上的合作者。enlargev.tomakelargerExample:Weareplanningtoenlargeourgarden.★enlarge/amplify/expand①enlarge尺寸或空間的擴(kuò)大Example:Thephotoistoosmall,pleaseenlargeitforme.②amplify音量或電流的增大Example:Hisvoicewasamplifiedbymeansofanamplifier.③expand范圍，體積的擴(kuò)大，膨脹Example:Ironexpandswhenitisheated.concentratev.giveallyourattentiontowhatyouaredoingExample:Miketriedhisbesttoconcentrateonhishomework.causepeopleorthingstobepresentsomewhereinlargenumbersoramountsExample:Italianindustryisconcentratedmainlyinthenorth.basis,baseExample:Thebaseofabuilding建筑物的基礎(chǔ)（具體）Theeconomicbasis經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)（抽象）opportunity,chance::一言辨異Itwouldbefoolishtoletsuchanopportunityslip,itisthechanceofalifetime.opportunity:適逢其會，正好便利行事之意chance：強(qiáng)調(diào)其偶然性Itchancedthatshewasinwhenhecalled.detail:n.Example:Don'tforgettostartwiththedetails,whilekeepinganeyeonthebigitems.大處著眼，小處著手①go/enterintodetails詳細(xì)說明Example:Herefusedtogointodetailsabouthisplan.②indetail詳細(xì)的Example:Shediscussedherplanindetailwithherfriends.purchasen.v.Example:Heworkedallsummertosavemoneyforthepurchaseofapiano.★purchase/buyPurchase和buy的意思相同，但較正式，多用于書面語，常用短語有： purchasetax（勾買稅），purchaseprice（勾買價(jià)）environment:n.conditionsinwhichpeoplecarryonaparticularactivity;naturalworldinwhichanimals,peopleandplantsliveExample:Youngchildrenoftenfeelhappierinthehomeenvironment.★environment,circumstance&surroundings①environment表示由周圍的人、物等一切物質(zhì)和精神因素所構(gòu)成的環(huán)境 。Example:Apleasantworkingenvironmentisofvitalimportance.②circumstance通常用復(fù)數(shù)，表示對局勢產(chǎn)生影響的各種條件的總和。Example:Prisonerscanonlyleavetheircellsundercertaincircumstances③surroundings指環(huán)境時(shí)只可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示各種物體所構(gòu)成的物質(zhì)上的自然環(huán)境。Example:Heswitchedonthelightandexaminedhissurroundingssourcen.Example:Ahealthystateofmindisthesourceofahappylife.?Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavitalsourceofmilk.(CET4,2005,12,詞匯)據(jù)說世界上的一些地方，奶的重要來源是山羊而不是奶牛。apart:adv.nottogetherExample:Hearttoheartthoughfaraparft各——方心相連。apartfrom:except(-);besides(+)Example:AllthechildrenlikemusicapartfromBobby.(-)Apartfrombeingtoolarge,thetrousersdonsuitme.(+)tell…apart：tellthedifferenceofthethingsExample:Icannottellthesetwothingsapart.keepapart:keepthestateofseparatingExample:TaiwanandthemainlandhasbeenkeptapartbythechannelsincetheliberationofChinain1949.motivation:n.Example:Heisintellegentenoughbuthelacksmotivation.?Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationandpreference.(CET4,2006,6,詞匯)研究結(jié)果描繪了一幅關(guān)于消費(fèi)者購物習(xí)慣，動機(jī)和偏好的畫面。LanguagePointsLearningEnglishisbynomeanseasy.Ittakesgreatdiligenceandprolongedeffort.(L1-2)Paraphrase:AlthoughyouhavetoworkhardcontinuallyinordertobegoodatEnglish,youcanalsomakeuseofsomelearningstrategiestohelpyouattainyourgoal.Nevertheless,whileyoucannotexpecttogainagoodcommandofEnglishwithoutsustainedhardwork,therearevatioushelpfullearningstrategiesyoucanemploytomakethetaskeasier.Herearesomeofthem.(L3-5)While引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，主句中youcanemploytomakethetaskeasier1省略到關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，修飾strategies.employ:vt.paysomeonetoworkforyouExample:Thefactoryemploysover2000people.useaparticularobject,method,skill,etc.inordertoachievesomethingExample:Thereportexaminesteachingmethodsemployedintheclassroom.★employ,hire&engage①employ表示支付薪水，較長期、固定地雇用某人。Example:Hotelsemploymorewomenthanmen.②hire表示支付一定錢額，雇用某人短期從事某項(xiàng)工作。Example:Ihiredabricklayertobuildawallonthebalcony.③engage表示任命、安排某人從事某項(xiàng)工作。Example:Thebosshasengagedanewsecretary.Paraphrase:Nevertheless,althoughyoucannotexpecttomasterEnglishifyoudonotworkhardcontinuouslyforalongtime,youcanusesomehelpfullearningstrategiestomakethetaskeasier.Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthesetwosentences?Ontheonehand,theauthorstatesthefactthatEnglishlearningisaverydifficulttask;ontheotherhand,theauthorforeshadowsthatsomestrategiesareneededtohelpusfulf川thetoughtask.But,infact,itisnotyourmemorythatisatfault.Ifyoucramyourheadwithtoomanynewwordsatatime,someofthemareboundtobecrowedout.(L8-10)Paraphrase:But,actually,youshouldnotblameyourmemory.Ifyoumemorizetoomanynewwordsatatime,someofthemarelikelytobeforget.Whatyouneedtodoistodealwithnewwordsindifferentwaysaccordingtohowfrequentlytheyoccurineverydayuse.(L10-12)1)本句中的主語是whatyouneedtodq是由what弓I導(dǎo)的主語從句，而howfrequentlytheyoccurineverydayuse是由how弓I導(dǎo)的從何,做accordingto的賓語。todealwith是動詞不定式作表語。Example:Yourhealthiswhatwereallycareabout2)Occur:happenExample:Pattern:Itoccurstosomebodytodo(sth.).Itneverseemstooccurtomychildrentocontactme.我的孩子們似乎從來想不到和我聯(lián)絡(luò)。Whileactivewordsdemandconstantpracticeandusefulwordsmustbecommittedtomemory,wordsthatdonotoftenoccurineverydaysituationsrequirejustanoddingacquaintance.(L12-14)主干：Wordsrequirejustanoodingacquaintance.While!I導(dǎo)兩個(gè)讓步狀語從句, 主句中的thatdonotoftenoccurineverydaysituations!!定語從句,修飾words.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“anoddingacquaintance”？Thisphraseisusedasametaphor.Anacquaintancereferstosomeoneweknowslightlybutwhoisnotaclosefriend.Soweonlynodasagreetingwhenweseehimorher.Thisinterpersonalrelationshipisusedtointerprettheattitudeweshouldholdtowordsthatdonotoftenoccurineverydaysituations.Paraphrase:Weshouldoftenpracticetheuseofactivewords,thosewhichfrequentlyoccurineverydayuse,andlearnbyheartthoseusefulwords,whileweonlyneedrecognizethosewordswhichoccurlessfrequentlyineverydaysituations.InlearningEnglish,youmustpayattentionnotonlytothemeaningofaword,butalsotothewaynativespeakersuseitintheirdailylives.(L20-21)1)本旬用notonly-butalso!接了兩個(gè)并列的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞短語的賓語，第二個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中存在一個(gè)定語從旬thewayinwhichnativespeakersuseitintheirdailylives省略了inwhichonotonly...butalso...Example:Notonlythemotherbutalsoherchildrenaresick.ListeningtoEnglishonaregularbasiswillnotonlyimproveyourear,butwillalsohelpyoubuildyourspeakingskills.(L22-23)ListeningtoEnglish是動名詞短語作主語，兩個(gè)位于由關(guān)聯(lián)詞組notonly...butalso..連接。onaregularbasis:oftenandaccordingtoasetfrequencyExample:Iwritetohimonaregularbasis.ear：usessingleform,meansthesenseofhearingortheabilitytoidentifythesoundsExample:Shehasaverygoodearformusic.Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?Example:Listeningpracticeiscontributivetothedevelopmentofbothlisteningandspeakingskills.Paraphrase:ListeningtoEnglisheverydaywillnotonlydevelopyourlinsingcomprehension,butalsohelpyoupracticeyourspeaking.Inadditiontolanguagetapesespeciallypreparedforyourcourse,youcanalsolistentoEnglishradiobroadcasts,watchEnglishTWndseeEnglishmovies.(L24-26)inadditionto:usedtoaddanotherpieceofinformationtowhathasjustbeensaidinadditionto表示除?…之外”，后接具體事物；inaddition在句中作狀語，表示此外”。例如：這家公司提供廉價(jià)的因特網(wǎng)訪問服務(wù)。止匕外，還做免費(fèi)的共享軟件。Example:ThecompanyprovidescheapInternetaccess.Inaddition,itmakesfreeshareware.ThefirsttimeyoulistentoatapedconversationorpassageinEnglish,youmaynotbeabletocatchagreatdeal.catch:v.getandhold;captureandseizeExample:Thekidswerethrowingandcatchingafrisbeedownonthebeach.see(sb.)doing(sth.)Example:Icaughthimreadingmyprivateletters.ItistruethattherearefewsituationsatschoolwhereyouhavetocommunicateinEnglish,butyoucanseekoutopportunitiestopracticespeakingthelanguage.(L30-32)1)本句中是由but連接兩個(gè)并列句，Itistrue-。but…相當(dāng)于although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。前一個(gè)分句中的it做形式主語，真正的主語為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，其中包含where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾schook本旬可改寫為：AlthoughtherearefewsituationatschoolwhereyouhavetocommunicateinEnglish,youcanseekoutopportunitiestopracticespeakingthelanguage.Afteryouhavemadeapurchaseinashoporfinishedamealinarestaurantandpaidthecheck,pretendthatallthishappenedinanEnglish-speakingcountryandtrytoactitoutinEnglish.(L45-47)在本句中after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句中有兩個(gè)謂語動詞，分別是pretend和try,thatallthishappenedinanEnglish-speakingcountry故pretend的賓語。Itpaystoabsorbasmuchasyoucanfromreadingandlisteningandthentrytoputwhatyouhavelearnedintopracticethroughspeakingandwriting.(L60-62)句中it做形式主語，真正的主語是后面的兩個(gè)不定式： toabsorb)-andtrytoput…，put后面是由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。pay:v.givemoneyinexchangeforgoodsorservices;bearacostorpenaltyExample:Hepaidthebill.Collection:itpaystodo(sth.)做某事是大有益處的payattentionto注意paytributeto贊頌payacall/vistto拜訪payoff付清payout付出Paraphrase:Itisworthwhileforyoutomasterknowledgeasmuchaspossiblefromreadingandlistening,andthentrytoputwhatyouhavelearnedintopracticethroughspeakingandwriting.StudyandpracticeTheexerciseonP7-16ReadingActivityBasicreadingskill1—HowtoreadatextItisavailabletoreadacomprehensionpassageatleasttwice:thefirsttime,toobtainageneralimpressionofthetext,andthenasecondtimetoconcentrateontheimportantdetails.Sometimesathirdreadingisnecessarytocheckitemsthatcauseddifficulty.GuidedWritingPartI:Combinations:UsingConnectivesABriefIntroductionConnectivesrefertowordsthatcanjoinpartsofasentenceordifferentsentences.Theyarenecessaryfortheestablishmentoflogicalrelationsinanessay.Connectivesaredividedintotwokinds：①coordinatingconnectives( 用于連接平行的詞， 詞組和分句)and,but,or,nor,so,therefore,yet,however,nevertheless,for,hence,aswellas,both…and…，notonly…butalso…，either…or…，neither…nor…，(and)then…②subordinatingconnectives( 用于弓I起從旬)after,when,before,as,while,since,until,till,although,though,if,evenif,unless,because,than,that,whether,sothat,assoonas,asif,asthough,so…that…，such-that…，nowthat,for…Partn:ParagraphWritingWriteaparagraphofabout120wordsstatinghowyouplantodevelopyourlisteningcomprehensionandspeakingabilityatcollege.Begintheparagraphwiththetopicsentence:Oneslisteningcomprehensionandspeakingabilitygrowbypractice'.DictationReadingisthemostusefulskillsoneshouldacquire.Considerhowmuchtimetheaveragestudentspendseverydayreadingbooks,newspapers,lettersandsoon.Eighty-fivepercentofuniversitywork,itisestimated,needsreading.Infact,thebetteryouread,themoreyouwillsucceedinyourstudies.Exercises:(25min)DoexercisesinVocabulary,WordBuilding,Structure,Cloze,ReadingActivity,andGuidedWritingafterclass.ExtensiveReadingReadingTasks:ExtensiveReadingUnit1-2ListeningandSpeakingListeningTask:FocusListeningandSpeakingunit1-2Unit2SailingRoundtheWorldI.Lead-inManypeoplehavetravelledroundtheworld,butnooneelsehasdoneitthewaySirFrancisChichesterdid.ABritishadventurer,hetravelledroundtheworldaloneinasmallyachtcalled“GipsyMothIV“inspiteofthefactthathehadlungcancer.Thistexttellsusbrieflywhathappenedtohimonhisvoyage,oneofthegreatestseafaringexploitsofalltime.H.Newwordssingle-handedadj.&adv.(done)byonepersonaloneExample:Maryaccomplishedthetaskbyhersingle-handedefforts.Thejobcannotbedonesingle-handed這個(gè)工作無法由一個(gè)人獨(dú)自完成?！镞@是一種以形容詞或形容詞短語用作狀語的語法現(xiàn)象，其作用類似非限定性定語從句，表示某種增補(bǔ)的意義。它們通常用來說明主語的狀況，例如：ThemanopenedtheletternervousThesunrisesintheeastred.Thesoldierfelldown,dead.但它們也可用來說明賓語的狀況，如HewriteshischaracterslargeWedrinkithot.Shepushedthedooopen.solosingle-handed［Achorus:合唱］［助記］solesolo?Loveisachordinlife,notasolo.（Beethoven）愛是人生的和弦，而不是孤單的獨(dú)奏曲。（貝多芬）lungn.Example:Smokingcancauselungcancer.Atthetopofone'slungs用最大聲音Collection:heart（心）liver（月T） kidney（腎）spleen?$） stomach（胃）determinedadj.withone'smindfirmlymadeupbedeterminedtodo/aboutdoingsthhaveastrongwillto（do）Example::Heisdeterminedaboutgivingupsmoking.ColumbuswasdeterminedtoprovethatIndiacouldbereachedbysailingwest.bedeterminedtodosth.&makeuponesmindtodosthbedeterminedtodosth.側(cè)重某人的決心。makeuponesmindtodosth.則強(qiáng)調(diào)某人打定主意，不再動搖。Example:Atlastwemadeupourmindstotellherthetruth.determine;decideDetermine決心大，意志堅(jiān)決，任何時(shí)候都不動搖。Example:Mr.Blackdeterminedtomaintainhispositionatallcosts.Decide表示經(jīng)過考慮在幾種可能中做出選擇的決定。Example:HedecidedtogoonMondayinsteadofTuesday.retire:vi.【re-（back）+tire（累）:（累回）家中】stopworkingatonesjob.giveuponesjobbecauseofoldageExample:Hethinksitluckytoretireatfullsalary.雖然已近65歲，馬莉還不想退休。goaway;withdrawExample:Thesoldiershadretired25milesfromthefrontier.gotobedExample:Ihaveahabitofretiringearlyandgettingupearly.voyage:n.alongjourney(bysea,bylandorthroughouterspace)Example:ThesailorwillmakeavoyagetoAustrilia.vi.goona(sea)journey;sailExample:SirFrancesDrakewasthefirstmanwhovoyagedaroundtheworld.★voyage,journey,travel&trip①voyage在現(xiàn)代英語中通常指較長距離的水上航行，但也可指空中航行。Example:Inthosedays,thevoyagetoAustraliawaslonganddangerous.②journey是比較正式的用語，通常指陸地上的遠(yuǎn)行，沒有回到原出發(fā)地的含義。Example:AtfirstIwasafraidthelongjourneywouldbetoomuchforher.起初我擔(dān)心她受不了長距離的旅行。③travel的單數(shù)形式泛指旅行這一行為或過程，而要表示某次具體的旅行時(shí)，通常用復(fù)數(shù)，而且通常指到遠(yuǎn)方作長時(shí)間的旅行。Example:Herinterestsarepolitics,music,andtravel.④trip通常指較短距離的旅行，但在較通俗、隨便的用法中可代替 journey。Example:DidyouenjoyyourtriptoShanghai?Collection:Maidenvoyage處女航，首航Arduousvoyage 艱難航行Goon/make/takeavoyageto去 的旅行Beonavoyage在旅途中crew:n.groupofpeoplewhoworktogetheronashiporairplaneCollection:personnel全體人員，用做復(fù)數(shù)crew(全體船員)/staff(全體職員)/faculty(全體教員)用做單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)★類同family,當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體看用單數(shù)，當(dāng)作各成員看用復(fù)數(shù)Example:Theplanehadacrewof25.那班飛機(jī)有25名機(jī)務(wù)人員Thecrewwerebusypreparing.機(jī)務(wù)人員正忙著準(zhǔn)備呢。steer:vt.make（aboatorroadvehicle）goinaparticulardirectionExample:Hesteeredtheshipcarefullybetweentherocks他小心的在礁石間駕駛月臺只。steerclearof繞開,避開Example:ThespeechsteeredclearofcontroversialissuesW說回避了有爭議的問題?！飀rive/steerWhenyouareincontrolofacar,youdriveit.Whenyoudirectitscourse,yousteerit.Shegotintoacaranddrovehome.Shesteeredthecarcarefullythroughthenarrowgap.英語中“方向盤”的說法是“steerwheel’,而不是"drivingwheel”galeverystrongwindCollection:breeze微風(fēng)） gale（強(qiáng)風(fēng)） storm（暴風(fēng)） gust（陣風(fēng)） hurricane（颶風(fēng)）typhoon（臺風(fēng)）10.covervt.passoverortravel（acertaindistance）Example:Theywerehopingtocover40milesyesterday.placeorspreadsth.upon,over,orinfrontof（sth.）Example:Thefloodscoveredthousandsoftowns.hide;protectExample:Helaughedloudlytocoverhisfear.previouslyadv.beforethepresenttimeorthetimereferredtoExample:Ihadpostedthelettertwomonthspreviously.兩個(gè)月前，我就把信寄出了。dissuade【dis-（否定）+suade劭說）；勸說不要去做一】preventsbfromdoingsth對比：persuadev.persuasionn.persuasiveadj.[per-:thoroughly]dissuadev.dissuasionn.dissuasiveadj.[dis-:not]Tomtriedtodissuademefromjoiningtheclub.Tomtriedtodissuademeoutofjoiningtheclub.fortunately:adv.luckilyExample:Fortunately,therewasnooneintheofficewhenthefirestarted.contactvt.getintouchwithExample:Doyouoftencontactyourformerclassmates?n.stateoftouchingorcommunicationExample:Afterheenteredtheuniversity,hecameintocontactwithmanynewideas.Collection:Comeintocontactwith 接觸至UMake/establishcontactwith與 取得聯(lián)系Beoutof/breakoff/losecontactwith與 失去聯(lián)系Be/get/stayincontactwith與 保持聯(lián)系nearby：adv.closebyExample:Inoticedapolicemanstandingnearby.adj.near;withinashortdistanceExample:Westoppedatsomenearbyshopstobuysomefood.drag/draw/pullDrag拖得重，動作慢Draw動作從容Pull指一時(shí)或突然的動作。17.knightn.男女公爵dukeduchess侯爵marquessmarchioness伯爵earlcountess子爵viscountviscountess男爵baronbaronessaccomplishvt.Allmotivationisself-motivation.Yourfamily,yourbossoryourcoworkerscantrytogetyourenginegoing,butuntilyoudecidewhattoaccomplish,nothingwillhappen.所有的激勵者B是自勵。家人，老板，同時(shí)可以盡量讓你的引擎轉(zhuǎn)動，但除非你自己決定要完成些什么，否則也不會發(fā)生?！颽ccomplish/complete/achieveaccomplishmeanssucceedindoingsomethingdifficult.Example:Thinkofallthethingsyouhaveaccomplishedalready!completemeansfinishdoingormakesomething.Example:Ittookayeartocompletethebuildingwork.achievemeanssucceedindoingsthgoodorgettingtheresultyouwanted,aftertryinghardforalongtime.Example:BritainhasachievedthehighestrateofeconomicgrowthinEuropethisyear.Collection:Accomplishamission 完成一次使命Accomplishatask 完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)Accomplishone'sgoal/purpose實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)Accomplishone'splan 實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃Accomplishone'spromise實(shí)現(xiàn)諾言conquerv.Example:Humancanconquernature.★conquer/overcome①conquer多支借助無力或戰(zhàn)爭擊敗其他事物， 使