高考英語閱讀長難句突破---高中英語閱讀微技能培養(yǎng)教學(xué)設(shè)計一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析：在高考閱讀理解中，考生經(jīng)常碰到許多結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，即長難句。命題者通過增加句子長度和使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)來干擾考生正常的閱讀習(xí)慣和思維方式，從而達(dá)到考查考生綜合閱讀能力的目的。本節(jié)課就是專門針對學(xué)生在閱讀長難句中遇到的閱讀障礙，以高考題為例，幫助學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)如何分析長難句、培養(yǎng)良好的“閱讀微技能”，從而避免在長難句上無謂失分。二、學(xué)情分析：閱讀在在高考中占有比較大的比重。如果缺乏一定的閱讀技能，在面對長難句時，學(xué)生往往會因為句子的長、難而思維混亂，從而造成閱讀障礙，形成心理壓力，進(jìn)而失分。在進(jìn)入閱讀專題的時候，學(xué)生具備了一定的閱讀技能，但長難句的掌握還不是很到位。因此本節(jié)課立足高考，從實際出發(fā)，重在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀微技能。三、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.Enablethestudentstolearnhowtoanalyzethelonganddifficultsentences.2.Helpthestudentsmastersomedetailedreadingskills.3.Learnthebasicreadingstrategiesandapplythemtotheexercises.4.Enablethestudentstoadjusttheirstateofmindwhenreadingpassages,anddevelopgoodreadinghabits.四、教學(xué)重難點Howtoanalyzelonganddifficultsentencesandmasterthereadingskills.五、教學(xué)過程：Step1Lead-inAskthestudentssomequestionsaboutreading,especiallythedifficultpointsinit.1.Haveyouevermetlonganddifficultsentencesinreading?2.Asforthesesentences,howdoyouusuallydealwiththem?【設(shè)計意圖】從實際出發(fā)，讓學(xué)生說出在閱讀中，自己覺得最難的地方在哪里？面對考試中的“長難句”自己平時是如何處理的？從而引出本節(jié)課的主題：長難句突破。學(xué)生會帶著疑問和渴望進(jìn)入到下一環(huán)節(jié)，而且興趣比較濃厚。Step2WarmingupTask1:Introduction在閱讀理解中，考生會經(jīng)常碰到許多結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，也就是所謂的長難句。命題者在句子理解難度上大做文章，無非是想通過增加句子長度和使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)來干擾考生正常的閱讀習(xí)慣和思維方式，從而達(dá)到考查考生綜合閱讀能力的目的。長難句在閱讀理解中容易給考生造成閱讀障礙，形成一種心理壓力，使考生失分。Task2:Examples.(simplesentences---longanddifficultsentences)1)Wefindtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers.---Wefindtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers，_____________________(他們在聽一個重要講座).(非限制性定語從句)---Wefindtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers,whoarelistening__________(認(rèn)真)toanimportantlecture_______________________________________________________________(電白一中賈老師的重要講座)(同位語；過去分詞做后置定語)---Wefindtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers，whoarelisteningattentivelytoanimportantlecturegivenbyMr.Jia,ateacherfromDianbaiNo.1MiddleSchool,_______________________________________________________(關(guān)于如何處理英語長難句的重要講座。)(介詞短語；介詞后加賓語從句)---Wefoundtheclassroomfullofstudentsandteachers,whowerelisteningattentivelytoanimportantlecturegivenbyMr.Jia,ateacherfromDianbaiNo.1MiddleSchool,onhowtodealwiththelonganddifficultsentencesinEnglish.（體會句子由簡單句變成復(fù)雜句，復(fù)雜句變成簡單句）【設(shè)計意圖】通過簡單介紹“長難句”，讓學(xué)生心中有數(shù)，知道學(xué)好長難句對他們在考試中把握主題，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確理解語義，培養(yǎng)閱讀微技能很有幫助。然后以“簡單句變長句”“長句變?yōu)楹唵尉洹弊寣W(xué)生體會長難句是如何形成的，只要把握好主干，去掉修飾成分，就能理解文章語義。該環(huán)節(jié)學(xué)生參與積極、氣氛熱烈，效果明顯。Step3IntroductionIntroducethebasicformsoflonganddifficultsentencesinreading.閱讀中常見長難句的形式:1、復(fù)雜的簡單句：結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，帶有較多成分，如介詞短語，形容詞短語，副詞，時間、地點狀語或者較長的非謂語動詞短語等；2、多重的復(fù)合句：句子中含有多重從句;3、句中分隔現(xiàn)象：用定語從句、插入語、破折號或分隔號插入新話題或補(bǔ)充信息，從而把結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的句子分割開來。各種結(jié)構(gòu)混合:在句子中把以上三種形式綜合在一起?！驹O(shè)計意圖】簡單介紹“長難句”常見的幾種形式，讓學(xué)生有個整體印象，對于后面“各個擊破”長難句提供了很好的鋪墊。Step4PresentationPresentsomebasicskillsinlonganddifficultsentencestoimprovethestudents’readingskills.長難句各個擊破1.復(fù)雜的簡單句:1)抓主干，去枝葉(找謂語動詞)；2)分析枝葉.Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinstrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganizedagainfromadistantcountry.（2022新課標(biāo)II卷PassageA）2.多重的復(fù)合句:1)抓主干，找連詞，析從句。(找謂語動詞)2)理解句意。Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.(2022新課標(biāo)I卷PassageCPara.3)30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinparagraph3?TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive3.句中分隔現(xiàn)象(用同位語、定語從句、插入語、破折號或分隔號插入新話題或補(bǔ)充信息，從而把結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的句子分割開來。):忽略插入成分,直奔句子主題.例1Hisrecentlypublishedbook,AGrammarofThangmiwithanEthnolinguisticIntroductiontotheSpeakersandTheirCulture,growsoutofhisexperienceliving,working,andraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.(2022新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷PassageD）34.WhatisTurin’sbookbasedon?A.TheculturalstudiesinIndia.B.ThedocumentsavailableatYale.C.HislanguageresearchinBhutan.D.HispersonalexperienceinNepal.例2Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations-UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem–haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.（31words）(2022新課標(biāo)I卷PassageDPara.2)32.Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto____.A.promotegloballanguagesB.rescuethedisappearinglanguagesC.searchforlanguagecommunitiesD.setuplanguagesresearchorganizations.4、各種結(jié)構(gòu)混合:綜合以上技巧：抓主干成分。例1、(2022新課標(biāo)I卷PassageBPara.2)Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreachitshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.(46words)24.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.maybethelargestpopulationintheworld【溫馨提示】在高考閱讀中，并不是長難句都需要分析。對于有些長難句，只要能正確理解其意思就行了，不要勉為其難地翻譯成中文，也沒必要把句子成分弄得徹底明白。那樣做不僅會浪費時間，而且在許多情況也沒有必要?！驹O(shè)計意圖】以高考題為例，從四種不同類型的“長難句”角度各個擊破，幫助學(xué)生分析和把握長難句，并指出了每一種長難句的方式方法，培養(yǎng)“閱讀微技能”.方法實用性強(qiáng)，分析到位，學(xué)生很喜歡這樣歸納總結(jié)。Step5PracticeGroupwork:真題演練（2022安徽卷PassageE）Requirements:Usingthebasicskillsinthisperiod,discussandanalyzethefollowingsentenceswithyourgroupmembers.①YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka,butforthepast27years,thisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughtpoverty(貧窮)andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.1）②Tosupporttheseworthycauses,Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smostpromising"change-makers"seekingtosolve(解決)urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachange-maker.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.1）.主干：_____________________________________________________________③AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka,whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity,helpedlocalfarmersandprovidedanincomeforpoorpeoplethere.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.2）主干：_____________________________________________________________④WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets,attractingratsanddisease,theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.3）主干：_____________________________________________________________⑤Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalfertilizers(化肥)whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.（2022安徽卷PassageEPara.3）主干：_____________________________________________________________【設(shè)計意圖】分析掌握了四種不同長難句的方式方法后，學(xué)生還需要通過練習(xí)來檢驗。該環(huán)節(jié)再次利用高考題作為練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生來學(xué)以致用。他們能夠準(zhǔn)確把握主干，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，理解語義，對閱讀的選擇準(zhǔn)確性很高，也有一定的成就感，說明他們掌握不錯。Step6Summary一、閱讀中常見長難句的形式:1、復(fù)雜的簡單句2、多重的復(fù)合句3、句中分隔現(xiàn)象4、各種結(jié)構(gòu)混合二、長難句各個擊破：1、復(fù)雜的簡單句：1)抓主干，去枝葉(找謂語動詞)；2)分析枝葉.2、多重的復(fù)合句：1)抓主干，找連詞，析從句。(找謂語動詞);2)理解句意。3、句中分隔現(xiàn)象：忽略插入成分,直奔句子主題。4、各種結(jié)構(gòu)混合：綜合以上技巧：抓主干成分?！驹O(shè)計意圖】通過分析高考題，講解方式方法，學(xué)生掌握了如何“各個擊破”長難句，如何分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如何抓主干，如何準(zhǔn)確理解語義，從而在考試中提高閱讀選擇題的準(zhǔn)確性。本環(huán)節(jié)再次歸納總結(jié)，并提供了幾條月的建議，加深學(xué)生的印象。Step7Homework1.Gooverwhatwehavelearnedinthisperiod.2.Trytousetheskillstofinishtheexercisesonthepaper.【課后練習(xí)】Usingthebasicskillsinthisperiod,analyzethefollowingsentences.1.Arrivingin1805,hewrotealettercomplainingthatitwasaplaceof“messanddrunkenness”．2.ItisalsosaidthatonoccasionByronswamnakedbymoonlightinthelake,whichisnowknownasByron'sPool.3.Thematerial,madefromshrimp(蝦)shellsandproteinsproducedfromsilk,iscalled“shrilk”．4.TheminuteIsawthelookonmydad’sfaceasheunwrappedthoseswirlingblackletterscarefullyplacedinacheapframe,IknewIhadgiventheperfectgift.5.Decadeslater,however,plastic'sverydurability(耐用性)israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforonetimeproductssuchasplasticbags,orshort-livedconsumergoods,usedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradeforcenturies.6.IpulledoutmyphonetoreadatextmessagefrommymomsayingthatwewereleavingforChristmasshoppingforhimwhenIcame