高中英語新高考-語法：專題(提升篇)——非謂語動詞（修訂版）筆記：定義：非謂語動詞=不能充當(dāng)謂語的動詞

SVOTheboystandsatthedoor

is

mybrother.(病句)n.(adj.,prep,

定語從句)動詞—》謂語（充當(dāng)謂語的動詞只能有一個）非謂語動詞雖然已經(jīng)不能當(dāng)謂語，但是它在功能和形式上比謂語要豐富很多：功能

--》主語；賓語；狀語；表語；補語；定語形式--》todo;doing(動名詞)；分詞（done,doing）我們先形式上逐個分析：不定式：S/O,

補語，狀語，定語一、做主語、賓語或表語時：Myhobbyistogofishing.今天下午去釣魚是我想做的事情。Gofishing

is

whatIwanttodothisafternoon.Togofishing(一次性的)Goingfishing/

Togofishing

ismyhobby.常用不定式作主語的句型有：It’sdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todoIt’skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo.Iwant

togofishing.Vt.+todo/doing二、做狀語時：目的狀語：翻譯為“為了做。。?！?Inorder)toimprovemyEnglish,Idevotemyselftostudy.Inordertoimproveherson’sEnglish,

themother

boughtadictionary.邏輯關(guān)系：非謂語的邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致結(jié)果狀語：

(意外的結(jié)果)Ireturnedhomehappily,onlytofindthehousebrokeninto.練習(xí)：目的狀語：1.Timeshouldbemadefulluseof

(study).2.Heopenedhismouthasif

(say)something.結(jié)果狀語：3.Shewent

(hurry)tothestation,only

(find)herflighthighupinthesky.不定式還可以做原因狀語等，由于考試不涉及這塊，我們略去。

練習(xí)答案：目的狀語：1.Timeshouldbemadefulluseof

tostudy

(study).2.Heopenedhismouthasif

tosay

(say)something.結(jié)果狀語：3.Shewent

hurriedly

(hurry)tothestation,only

tofind

(find)herflighthighupinthesky.不定式還可以做原因狀語等，由于考試不涉及這塊，我們略去。三、不定式的時態(tài)只有不定式做賓語和補語時才有時態(tài)的一說TodoTobedoingTohavedone做補語是這樣的：請體會下面幾個句子的含義Believe/report/claimsb.tohavedoneTheradioreportedLiuxiangtohaveretired.

（已經(jīng)退役）Ibelieveallofyoutomakegreatprogressamonthlater.

（將要取得進步）Ibelieveallofyoutobemakingprogresseveryday.（正在進步）練習(xí)：1.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A.losing

B.tobelosing

C.tobelost

D.havinglost2.Theoldladyclaimed

(treat)unfairlywhendoingshoppingtheotherday.3.Shefinallyrecoveredthebagreported

(miss)

foralongtime.4.Theyaresaid

(have)aclassnow.5.Thebookissaid

(translate)intomanyotherlanguages.6.Billisconsidered

(invent)thefirsttelephone.練習(xí)答案：1.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A.losing

B.tobelosing

C.tobelost

D.havinglost2.Theoldladyclaimed

tohavebeentreated

(treat)unfairlywhendoingshoppingtheotherday.3.Shefinallyrecoveredthebagreported

tohavebeenmissing

(miss)

foralongtime.4.Theyaresaid

tobehaving

(have)aclassnow.5.Thebookissaid

tohavebeentranslated

(translate)intomanyotherlanguages.6.Billisconsidered

tohaveinvented

(invent)thefirsttelephone.四、不定式作定語Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonth

將要Thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在Thebridgecompletedlastmonth已經(jīng)完成公式：Sth.willbedone=sth.tobedoneSth.willdo…=sth.todoAprogramwillbecarriedoutinmyhometown.Itpleasesallthepeople.Aprogramtobecarriedout…pleases…公式二：（be）adj.todoThethingiseasytodo.IthinkthenewIpadiscomfortabletofeel.還要注意兩個:Thefirsttodo(序數(shù)詞后只能用todo)；某些名詞后：BeabletodoHisabilitytocommunicatewithothers動名詞：S/O動名詞本質(zhì)上還是名詞，而名詞的兩大功能：主語，賓語或表語，動名詞也就這兩大功能了。Vt.+doing…Vt.+being

donePrep(介詞)+doing練習(xí)：1.Ican’timagine

being(be)thatold.2.Thedevelopmentofhisdisease

is

adirectresultofbeingexposed(expose)toomuchtoradiation.常用動名詞作主語的句型有：It’snogood(use,fun)doing.It’s(a)wasteoftimeone’sdoing.It’sworthwhiledoing.There’snodoingsth絕不會做……公式：如何把一個句子變成動名詞短語SVOsb’sv-ingo/sb’sbeingdone熱身轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)1.

ThatMaryhadseenthefilmdidn’tsurpriseus.Mary’shavingseenthefilmdidn’t…瑪麗已經(jīng)看過這部電影了,這不足為奇。2.Thattheyaresingingintheroomupstairsdisturbshim./Itdisturbshimthattheyaresingingintheroomupstairs.Theirsingingin….disturb…他們在樓上的房間里唱歌打擾他了。3.Itworriedheragreatdealthatshelackedteachingexperience.Herlacking…worriedher…缺乏教學(xué)經(jīng)驗令她十分擔(dān)心。4.Itwasagreatencouragementtousthattheycametohelpus.Theircomingto…was…他們的幫忙對我們而言是莫大的鼓勵。5.Thatheviolatedthelawwassurprising./Itwassurprisingthatheviolatedthelaw.Hisviolating….was…他違法很令人吃驚。分詞形式：Doing現(xiàn)在分詞||beingdone被動結(jié)果||having(been)done時態(tài)Done

過去分詞功能：定語，狀語，補語

主語，賓語，表語定語Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonth

將要Thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在Thebridgecompletedlastmonth已經(jīng)完成

狀語（邏輯主語一致）分詞做狀語本質(zhì)上是從狀語從句中轉(zhuǎn)換過來的，而狀語從句的種類繁多，于是乎，分詞做狀語的種類（也就是功能）也很多。但在形式上有以下轉(zhuǎn)換的方法：1.狀語從句里的謂語是一般過去時或一般現(xiàn)在時連詞+SV-ed,SVO(連詞)doing…,SVO2.狀語從句里的謂語是一般過去時或一般現(xiàn)在時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)連詞+SwasV-ed,SVO(連詞)v-ed…,SVO3.狀語從句里的謂語是完成時（havedone或haddone）連詞+Shave/hadV-ed,SVO

Havingdone…,SVO4.狀語從句里的謂語是完成時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)（havebeendone或hadbeendone）連詞+Shave/hadbeenV-ed,SVO

Havingbeendone…,SVODone,SVO5.并列句的轉(zhuǎn)換SVO,andVO…SVO,V-ing.6.非限制性定語從句中which指代前面整個句子時的轉(zhuǎn)換SVO,whichvo….-->SVO,v-ing.簡化為：一件事情，結(jié)果--》SVO,doing7.形容詞短語作狀語：(being)Adj.短語，SVO

舉例：i.分詞作時間狀語Whenhehadfinishedthetask,hewentout.--》Havingfinishedthetask,hewentout.Whenshelefttheairport,shewavedusgoodbye.--》Whenleavingtheairport,she…Whenitisheated,waterwillturnintosteam.--》Whenheated,water…ii.分詞作原因狀語Badlyinjured,shehadtostayinbed.Becauseshewas

badlyinjured,…iii.分詞作方式狀語“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBobandlookedoutofthewindow.Shecamein,laughing.iv.

分詞作條件狀語(If)Givenanotherchance,I’lldoitmuchbetter.假如再給我一次機會，我一定會把它做好。IfIamgivenanotherchance,…Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilent.除非請你講話，否則你就應(yīng)該保持安靜。Unlessyouareinvitedtospeak,…v.

分詞作結(jié)果狀語Oilpriceshaverisenby32%sincethestartoftheyear,reachingarecordUS$57.65abarrelinApril4.Itrainedheavily,causingthecropfailure.Havingdone動作先于主句動作發(fā)生vi.分詞作讓步狀語Thoughwarnedofthestorm,theyrushedoutwithouthesitation.盡管他們已經(jīng)得知有暴風(fēng)雨，但還是毅然沖出去了。分詞—》形容詞Iaminspired/prepared/convinced.(being)Adj.短語，SVOIreturnedhome,tiredandhungry.解題步驟非謂語，很簡單第一步，找主干：主(doing)謂賓，要分清第二步，析邏輯：主動-ing,

被動-ed，todo表目的第三步：看先后：先發(fā)生，havingdoneHegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched.A.left

B.toleave

C.leaving

D.havingleft__Beingexposedtothestrongsun

willmake

youill.(expose)___Exposedtothestrongsun,

youwillgetill.

補語1）使役動詞Makesb.do

bemadetodo

Done:makeyouheard/understood

bemadedoneKeepO.doing

Done:keepmeinformedof…LeaveOdoing

Done:Heleftmuchworkunfinished.

Todo:leavesb.todothework.Getsb.todo讓某人去做

Sth.done:Iwillgetmyhaircut.

Sb.doing+時間狀語：gethimworkingallthetime.Havesb.do=getsb.todo

Sthdone=getsth.done

Sb.doing+時間狀語Letsb.dosth.2）感官動詞HearO.dosth.(完成)

beheardtodo

Doing（過程）behearddoing

Done（被做）behearddoneYoushouldoftenhearEnglishspoken.Seetheplancarriedout獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：(with)S1

V1

O1,S2V2O2

V1-ing

HavingV1-ing

V1-ed

Beingadj./N.Therewasbeingnobus,Ihadtowalkhome.獨立主格：Thechildren,allofthem

(play)thewholedaylong,werewornout.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof

havingbeenmadeintotelevisionseries.Everything

(take)intoconsideration,hedecidedtoresignfromhispresentpost.15.Abottle,

top(being)cutoff,nowfunctionsasacontainer.32.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people;manyofthem

(leave)theirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.23.There

(be)nocureavailableatthemoment,thepatientdecidestoseekherdoctor’sadvicetoendherlife.獨立主格答案：25.Thechildren,allofthem

playing

(play)thewholedaylong,werewornout.32.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof

them

havingbeenmadeintotelevisionseries.36.Everything

havingbeentaken

(take)intoconsideration,hedecidedtoresignfromhispresentpost.15.Abottle,

its

top(being)cutoff,nowfunctionsasacontainer.32.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofthem

leaving

(leave)theirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.23.There

being

(be)nocureavailableatthemoment,thepatientdecidestoseekherdoctor’sadvicetoendherlife.108句你需要掌握的：非謂語動詞1.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmailwaitingforher.2.Basinganimportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.3.Foundedintheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.4.Havingeatenatthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.5.Notknowingwhichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.6.Theoldcoupleoftentakesawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.7.Thismachinesveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.8.Tofreeourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthought.9.Tostaywarmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.10.Toworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.11.It’ssuchaniceplace,Mothersaidasshesatatthetablereservedforcustoms.12.Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.13.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelopeprovided.14.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwentontothankallthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.15.AmieSalmon,disable,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurseappointedtoguardher.16.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn’tfit.17.Atcollege,BarackObamadidn’tknowthathewastobecomethefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.18.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.19.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed.20.Beforeyouquityourjob,considerhowyourfamilywouldfeelaboutyourdecision.21.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirdstostayaway.22.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrombeingattackedintheSouthChinaSea.23.Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.24.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhencomparedtosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.25.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected.26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.27.Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclasstohelpchildrendevelopteamspirit.28.---Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost?---$4,000,orsomethinglikethat.29.Havingbeenaskedtooperatetoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.30.Havingspentnearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.31.HavingspentthepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.32.Havingworkedfortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.33.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,leavingthebreakfastuntouched.34.Heisthoughttohaveactedfoolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.35.Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.36.Hislecture,havingbeengiven,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.37.---Ihopetotakethecomputercourse.---Goodidea.Tofindoutmoreaboutit,visitthiswebsite.38.Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.39.Imake$2,000aweek,60surelywon’tmakethatbigadifferencetome.40.IrememberedtohavelockedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.41.IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.42.IthinkTom,astheheadofabigdepartment,shouldcitherstudyregularlyorquithisjob.43.Ignoringthedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.44.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsusedindailyconversations.45.It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?46.Knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.47.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.48.Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.49.Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.50.LionelMess’shavingsettherecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.51.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearitbeingperformedliveisquiteanother.52.LittleTomsatamazedwatchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.53.Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.54.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbettertoremainsilent.55.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandcorrectingthem.56.Pressedfromhisparents,andrealizingthathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.57.RaisedinthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.58.SometimesIactaslisteningearforfellowstudentstotalkoverwhatisbotheringthem.59.Standinginalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyanewiPad.60.Theairporttobecompletednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.61.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenotto.62.Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseemstohavegonewrongwithit.63.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized.64.Thelecture,startingat07:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.65.Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproductsdevelopedaftergreateffort.66.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happytowatchanythingthathappenedtobeon.67.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weatherpermitting.68.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecamerasreturnedtoourshopforqualityproblems.69.Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelfstandinginonecorner.70.Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathingthemountainingoldenlight.71.Thewitnessesquestionedbythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.72.TherearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.73.Thereisanodepinnedtothedoorsayingwhentheshopwillopenagain.74.Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,staringatthenightsky.75.Time,usedcorrectly,ismoneyinthebank.76.Tocatchtheearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.77.Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.78.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.79.Tonylentmethemoney,hopingthatI’ddoasmuchforhim.80.Understandingyourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotionsworkout.81.Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.82.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiontobemadeatthemeetingwillinthefutureofourcompany.83.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstobedonetoachievethefinalsuccess.84.Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.85.WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,tellingmestoriestillIwasasleep.86.Whenitcomestospeakinginpublic,noonecanmatchhim.87.Whentheclerksawakindoffacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtitheground,wonderingwhethertostayorleave.88.Youcannotacceptanopinionofferedtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.89.Children