PAGEPAGE6人與環(huán)境、人與動植物一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會詞匯，在□內打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識記)①evolution □ ②ecology □③grow □ ④breakthrough □⑤clone □ ⑥endangered □⑦decline □ ⑧deliberately □⑨disaster □ ⑩extinct □?survival □ ?wildlife □?bacterium □ ?branch □?fibre □ ?trunk □?harvest □ ?parrot □?sow □ ?bush □(二)主題詞匯訓練Ⅰ.寫出下列各句中加黑詞的漢語意思1．Theresearchonsoilseedbanksisanimportantsubjectinplantecology. 生態(tài)學2．Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughintheirtreatmentofthatdisease. 突破3．Thebacteriumcangrowinthepresenceorabsenceofoxygen. 細菌4．Therewereabout300milliontonsofgraininthefieldsatthestartoftheharvest. 收獲5．Ifyoulookatthepaperunderamicroscope,youwillseethefibres. 纖維6．Richindustrialisedcountrieshavesowntheseedsofglobalwarming. 播種Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Thevillagedependsontourismforitssurvival(survive)．2．Doyoudeliberately(deliberate)avoidtheassociationofanyone?3．Theysetupmanybranches(branch)throughoutthecountry.4．Theyhaveformedanorganizationtoprotectendangered(endanger)species,suchastheTibetanantelopes.5．Anoperationisbeginningtotrytosaveaspeciesofcrocodilefromextinction(extinct)．6．Ithinkobjectionsfromthetheoryoftheevolution(evolve).二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Inspring2016,LizaGoldbergaskedscientistsatNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenterifshecoulddoresearchthere.Therewasaproblem,though.Shewasjust14yearsold,andNASA'sinternship(實習)programonlyacceptsstudentsstartingatage16.DavidLagomasinoandTemilolaFatoyinboareNASAsatelliteexperts.TheysawLiza'srequest.Init,shetalkedabouthowshehadstudiedtreesinherownbackyardtolearnaboutclimatechange.ThetwoNASAscientistswereimpressed.“Thisgirlsoundsgreat，”Lagomasinorememberssaying.“Let'sbringherin.”Theymadeaspecialroleforheroutsidetheinternshipprogram.LagomasinoandFatoyinbothoughtLizacouldhelpthemusesatellitedatatomapmangroves,asmalltreethatgrowsinmuddyforestsonthecoastlinesofmanytropical(熱帶的)countries.Mangrovesareveryimportantastheystorehugeamountsofcarbon,whichmakesthemhelpfulforfightingglobalwarming.Theyarealsohometofishthatmillionsofpeopledependonforfood.Lessthantwoyearslater,Lizahasdevelopedwhatmightbetheworld'sfirstsatellite-basedsystemtodeterminewheremangrovesareintrouble.Theworkusesdatafromfoursatellites.Itcoversmangrovegrowthandloss,rainfall,agricultureandcitygrowth.LagomasinoandFatoyinbobroughtLizainduringthesummerbeforeshestartedhighschool.Theteenhadseenmangrovesonlyoncebefore,duringatriptoFortMyers,Florida.Soon,shewouldseemanymore,atleastonhercomputerscreen.Lizalearnedthathalfoftheworld'smangroveshaddisappeared.Shewasshockedandmotivatedtodosomething.“Iwantedtocreatesomekindofsolution，”shesaid.Shewouldevenworkduringschoolbreaksorathomeonherprojects.Liza'shardworkisstartingtopayoff.Already,environmentalgroupsareeagertousehersystemtomaketheirworkmoreeffective.Nowthatshehasturned16,LizahasfinallyjoinedNASA'sofficialinternshipprogram.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。14歲的Liza進入NASA開始進行科學研究，其成果對保護生態(tài)植物紅樹林很有幫助。1．WhywasLizaoutsidetheinternshipprogramatfirst?A．Shedidn'tmeettherequiredage.B．Shedidn'tshowhertalentproperly.C．Sheknewlittleaboutglobalwarming.D．Shelackedtheexperienceofdata-collecting.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段的最后一句可知，Liza沒有達到年齡要求，所以沒有進入這個實習項目。2．Whyaremangrovessoimportant?A．Theyarefoodforfish.B．Theyarecommercialcrops.C．Theyforecastclimatechange.D．Theykeepabalancedecosystem.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“Mangrovesareveryimportant...peopledependonforfood.”可知，紅樹林在維持生態(tài)平衡方面起到很大作用。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph4referto?A．Thesatellite. B．Thedata.C．Thesystem. D．Thework.解析：選B代詞指代題。根據畫線詞上一句“Theworkusesdatafromfoursatellites.”及畫線詞所在句可知，It在此處指“收集到的數據”。4．WhichofthefollowingcandescribeLiza'sworkinNASA?A．Itisfruitful.B．Itearnedherfame.C．Ittookupherschooltime.D．ItwillleadtoafuturejobwithNASA.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段的最后一句可知，Liza所設計的系統(tǒng)有望使環(huán)保機構的工作變得更高效。由此可知，Liza在NASA的工作是卓有成效的。Ⅱ.完形填空Ienjoyfeedingbirdsinmygarden.Aboutthreeyearsago,ababychipmunk(花栗鼠)whichInamedChipcametothisfestivedisplay.Overthatsummer,Iwatchedit1.Thenextsummer,thechipmunkwasback,andIwonderedwhetheritwould2metofeeditbyhandorletmepetit.BeforeChipwouldapproach,I'd3itsfavoritefood,benddownandkeepvery4.I'dleavemyopenhand5，unmoving,sotheanimalwouldknowIwouldn't6it.Icontinueddoingthisforafewweeks.7，lateinthatsecondsummer,Chipdidshowmoretrust.OnedayasI8aseedwithmyfingertips,itapproachedand9IwashappythatChipandIhadmadea(n)10oftrust.Afterabouttwomonthsofthis11，Iwentfurther.Withmyindexfinger,I12itsbackoncegently.I'mnotevensureChipfeltit,butitdidn't13.Ithenmovedmytwofingersslowlyandgentlyoverit.14，Chipstayedcalm,eatingseeds,beforerunningquicklybackintothebush.Today,thechipmunkcomesoutofhidingwhenIcallitsname,andletsme15itssoft,silkybody.Afriendoncementionedthataftershe16adog,shenoticedthatherhighbloodpressurehadapproached17withoutmedication,andshebecamecalmerandcouldhandlestressbetter.IthinkI,too,feel18I'vealsodevelopedagreater19fornatureanditscreaturesandtheopportunitytoobserve,protectandsavewildlife.Mostofall,Iamamazedbythe20ofatinychipmunktomeetmehalfwayintrust.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文?！拔摇奔以鹤永镉幸恢恍』ɡ跏?，整個夏天“我”都觀察它慢慢長大，“我”給它喂食，慢慢地取得了它的信任，如今只要一叫它的名字，它就跑出來讓“我”撫摸?！拔摇备幼鹬卮笞匀缓退纳铮⒂袡C會觀察、保護和拯救野生動物。1．A.eat B．growC．play D．jump解析：選B根據上文的“ababychipmunk(花栗鼠)”可知，作者描寫的是一只幼年花栗鼠；結合該句中的“Overthatsummer,Iwatchedit”可推知，整個夏天，作者都在觀察它長大。B項意為“長大，成長”，故B項正確。2．A.praise B．begC．inspire D．trust解析：選D根據該句語境，并結合下文第二段第一句中的“trust”可推知，第二年夏天，花栗鼠回來了，作者不知道它是否還信任自己，讓作者親手喂它、撫摸它。D項意為“信任”，故D項正確。3．A.putoff B．putupC．putdown D．hangup解析：選C根據該句中的“BeforeChipwouldapproach,I'ditsfavoritefood”，并結合常識可知，在這只花栗鼠靠近作者之前，作者放下它喜歡的食物。C項意為“放下”，故C項正確。4．A.anxious B．excitedC．still D．curious解析：選C根據該句語境，并結合下文中的“unmoving”可推知，在這只花栗鼠靠近作者之前，作者放下它喜歡的食物，彎下腰，保持靜止不動的狀態(tài)。C項意為“靜止的”，故C項正確。5．A.inpublic B．inplaceC．inreturn D．inturn解析：選B根據語境以及該句中的“unmoving”可知，作者將張開的雙手保持在適當的位置上，一動不動，這樣這只花栗鼠就知道作者不會去抓(grab)它。B項意為“在正確位置”，故B項正確。6．A.grab B．removeC．bite D．throw解析：選A參見上題解析。A項意為“抓住”，故A項正確。B項意為“移開”；C項意為“咬”；D項意為“扔”。7．A.Initially B．UnusuallyC．Obviously D．Finally解析：選D根據上文“Icontinueddoingthisforafewweeks”，并結合該句“l(fā)ateinthatsecondsummer,Chipdidshowmoretrust”可知，最后，這只花栗鼠更加信任作者了。D項意為“最后，終于”，故D項正確。8．A.found B．plantedC．offered D．produced解析：選C根據該句“OnedayasIoitsmouth”可知，一天，作者用指尖提供給它一粒種子時，它向作者靠近了。C項意為“提供”，故C項正確。9．A.cautiously B．aggressivelyC．comfortably D．confidently解析：選A根據語境以及下文“Itneverbitmyfingers”可知，花栗鼠謹慎地把種子放進嘴里。A項意為“謹慎地”，符合語境，故A項正確。10．A.promise B．breakthroughC．introduction D．experience解析：選B根據上文可知，花栗鼠開始從作者的手中取食，而且沒有咬作者；結合該句語境可推知，作者和花栗鼠之間的信任取得了突破。B項意為“突破”，故B項正確。11．A.education B．discoveryC．routine D．resolution解析：選C根據上文可知，花栗鼠開始從作者的手中取食，作者和花栗鼠之間的信任取得了突破；結合該句“Afterabouttwomonthsofthis，Iwentfurther”可推知，這種日常的行為進行了兩個月之后，作者能更進一步(接近它)了。C項意為“常規(guī)”，符合語境。12．A.knocked B．brushedC．rocked D．touched解析：選D根據該句“Withmyindexfinger,Iitsbackoncegently”可知，作者用食指輕輕地觸摸它的后背。D項意為“觸摸”，故D項正確。13．A.runaway B．rushoutC．giveaway D．turnup解析：選A根據上文可知，花栗鼠開始信任作者了；結合該句“I'mnotevensureChipfeltit,butitdidn't”可推知，作者用食指觸摸它時，它沒有跑開。A項意為“逃跑”，故A項正確。B項意為“趕制”；C項意為“泄露”；D項意為“出現(xiàn)”。14．A.However