第第頁(yè)Unit3Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主要用法3．使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)需要注意的問(wèn)題【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】能夠熟練運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！菊n堂實(shí)施】Step1觀察以下句子的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)1.主動(dòng)：Hehasrepairedthemachinefortwohours.（他修理這臺(tái)機(jī)器已有兩小時(shí)了）被動(dòng)：Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.（這臺(tái)機(jī)器已修了兩小時(shí)了）2.主動(dòng)：Theteacherhasborrowedthebooks.（老師把那些書(shū)借走了）被動(dòng)：Thebookshavebeenborrowedbytheteacher.（那些書(shū)被老師借走了）Step2弄清現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成。故事：Thismorningourphysicsteacherdidalightningexperiment.Theexperimenthasbeendonesuccessfully.However,theconclusionoftheexperimenthasnotbeenacceptedbymostofus.“Hastheexperimentbeendoneimproperly?WhathasbeendonebyFranklininthepast?”Heaskedhimself.觀察故事中劃線部分并結(jié)合下列所給例句完成填空：1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式：由________________________________________________________________________構(gòu)成。例如：Twowindowshavebeenbroken．兩個(gè)窗子被打破了。TheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.《發(fā)明的新時(shí)代》剛剛出版。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式：由________________________________________________________________________構(gòu)成。例如：Thecarhasnotbeenrepaired．這輛汽車還沒(méi)有修好。Tom’snovelhasnotbeenpublished.湯姆的小說(shuō)還沒(méi)有被出版。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)式：由________________________________________________________________________構(gòu)成。例如：①Hasherworkbeenfinished？她的工作完成了嗎？─Yes，ithas．是的，完成了。②Havethecarsbeenrepaired？這些汽車修好了嗎？─No，theyhaven't．不，還沒(méi)有。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊疑問(wèn)式：由________________________________________________________________________構(gòu)成。例如：①Howlonghasherworkbeenfinished？她的工作完成有多久了？②Whohasbeenhelpedbythenewcomputer？誰(shuí)已經(jīng)得到了這臺(tái)新計(jì)算機(jī)的幫助？step3：弄清現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主要用法。過(guò)影響現(xiàn)（過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響）表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前（即現(xiàn)在的過(guò)去），強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。Ihavebeenbeatenbymyfathertwice.過(guò)持到現(xiàn)（過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。）表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能將持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于Howlong．．．？句型中。3.主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者（即主語(yǔ)被……）4.常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間：already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng)),lately,recently,sincethen,uptonow,sofar,eversince,bynow,in/during/overthepast/lastyears劃出下列句中時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.He’slivedinShenzhenfor6years.step4：使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)需要注意的問(wèn)題。1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，即have／has和been，兩者缺一不可。2.并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可分割也不可省略短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。例如：Theorphanhasbeenwelllookedafter．這位孤兒一直受到很好的照顧。注意副詞放的位置。often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。Suchamanhasneverbeenbelieved.注意與一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候，其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重說(shuō)明該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。例如：Thehousewasbuiltlastyear．這房子是去年建造的。Thehousehasbeenbuilt．這房子已經(jīng)建好了。step5：Homework--fillintheblanks:NoticetoparentsDearparents,wehopeyouwillwelcomethisnews.Almost100computers_____(give)tousbyalocalcomputercompanysincetheendoflastyear.Adecision_____(make)thatwewillbeginacomputerteachingexperimentinourschool.Soeveryteacher_____(provide)withalaptopsincethebeginningofthisterm.Sincethen,mostofourcourses_____(teach)usingcomputer.Alotofinformation_____(take)frominternettohelpuswithourteaching.Besides,anewcomputerroom_____(setup)inourschool.Westartthisexperimenttogetherwitht