上海市控江中學2021學年第一學期高一年級期末英語試卷Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(A)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.MywifeLauraandIwereonthebeach,withthreeofourchildren,takingpicturebirdsnearourhomeinAlaskawhenwespottedabear.Thebearwasthinandsmall,___1___(move)aimlessly.Justafewminuteslater,Iheardmydaughtershouting,“Dad!Thebearisrightbehindus!〞Anaggressivebearwillusuallyrushforward___2___(frighten)awayitsenemybutsuddenlystopatthelastminute.Thisonewassilentanditsearspinnedback---thesignofananimalthatisgoinginforthekill.AnditwasacoldAprilday.Thebearbehavedabnormally,probably___3___hunger.Iheldmycameratripod〔三腳架〕inbothhandstoformabarrierasthebearrushedintome.Itshugeheadwaslevelwithmychestandshouldersandthetripodstuckacross___4___mouth.ItbitdownandIfoundmyself___5___(support)itsweight.IknewIwouldnotbeabletoholditforlong.Evenso,thiswasafightIhadtowin;Iwasallthatstoodbetweenthebearandmyfamily,___6___wouldstandlittlechanceofrunningfasterthanabrownbear.Thebearhitatthecamera,cuttingitoffthetripod.Iraisedmyleftarmtoprotectmyface:thebeastheldtightlyonthetripodandpresseditintomyside.Myarmcouldnotmove,andIsensedthatmybonesweregoingtobreak.Drawingbackmyfreehand,I___7___(strike)thebearashardasIcouldforfivetosixtimes.Thebearopeneditsmouthandgraspeditsfur,___8___(try)topushitaway.Iwasactuallywrestlingwiththebearatthispoint.Then,assuddenlyasithadbegun,thefightended.Thebearmovedbacktowardtheforest,beforereturningforanotherattack--ThefirsttimeIfeltpanic.Apparently___9___(satisfy)thatwecausednofurtherthreat,thebearmovedoff,destroyingafenceasitwent.Myarmwasinjured,buttheoutcomeforus___10___hardlyhavebeenbetter.I’mproudthatmyfamilyremainedclear-headedwhenpaniccouldhaveledtoaverydifferentoutcome.【答案】1.moving2.tofrighten3.becauseof4.its5.supporting6.who7.struck8.trying9.satisfied10.could【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章記錄了作者和家人阿拉斯加的海灘上的家附近拍鳥的照片時，遇到了一只棕熊，熊與作者展開了兇險的搏斗。幸運的是，雖然作者的手受傷了，熊離開了?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：那只熊又瘦又小，漫無目的地走著。此句的謂語動詞是was，主語是Thebear，因此此處要用非謂語動詞，move與邏輯主語Thebear之間是主動的關(guān)系，因此要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填moving?！?題詳解】考查不定式作目的狀語。句意：一只好斗的熊通常會沖向前去嚇跑它的敵人，但在最后一分鐘突然停下來。此處要用不定式作目的狀語，表示熊向前沖的目的是為了嚇跑它的敵人。故填tofrighten?！?題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：這只熊行為反常，可能是因為饑餓所致。根據(jù)句意可知此句與上半句是因果關(guān)系，且由名詞hunger可知此處要用短語becauseof。故填becauseof。【4題詳解】考查代詞。句意：它的大頭與我的胸部和肩膀齊平，三腳架架在它的嘴上。根據(jù)Itshugehead可知此處也表示的是熊的嘴巴，由名詞mouth可知此處要用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：它咬下去了，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己支撐著它的重量。根據(jù)foundmyself可知此處要用非謂語動詞，且表示正在進行的動作，因此要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填supporting?！?題詳解】考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：我是那只Thebearopeneditsmouth熊和我的家人之間的唯一屏障，我的家人幾乎沒有時機跑得比棕熊還快。分析句子成分可知，此處是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是myfamily，指人，且關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中作主語，因此要用關(guān)系代詞who。故填who?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：我縮回空著的那只手，使勁地打了那只熊五、六下。根據(jù)下一句Thebearopeneditsmouth可知此處時態(tài)是一般過去時，且主語是I，因此要用動詞的過去式。故填struck?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：熊張開嘴，抓住它的毛，想把我的手推開。此句謂語動詞是opened和grasped，主語是Thebear，因此要用非謂語動詞，且try和邏輯主語Thebear之間是主動關(guān)系，因此要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填trying。【9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這只熊顯然對我們沒有造成進一步的威脅感到滿意，它離開了時毀壞了圍墻。satisfy的邏輯主語是thebear，且動作是過去發(fā)生的，因此要用過去分詞形式。故填satisfied。【10題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：我的手臂受傷了，但結(jié)果對我們來說再好不過了。根據(jù)hardlyhavebeenbetter可知此處是情態(tài)動詞與形容詞比擬級的否認表示肯定的用法。故填could。(B)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Yes,ImposterSyndromeIsRealHaveyoueverfeltlikeyoudon’tbelong?Likeyourfriendsorcolleaguesaregoingtodiscoveryou’reafraud,andyoudon’tactuallydeserveyouraccomplishments?Ifso,you’reingoodcompany.Thesefeelingsareknownasimpostersyndrome,orwhatpsychologistsoftencallimposterphenomenon.An___11___(estimate)70percentofpeople--evenbrilliantones--experiencetheseimposterfeelingsatsomepointintheirlives,accordingtoanarticlepublishedintheInternationalJournalofBehavioralScience.ImposterSyndrome--theideathatyou’veonlysucceededowingtoluckorgoodtimingratherthanyourtalentorqualifications--___12___(identify)in1978bypsychologistsPaulineRoseClanceandSuzanneImes.Intheirpaper,theytheorizedthatwomenwereuniquelyaffectedbythesyndrome.Sincethen,research___13___(show)thatbothmenandwomenexperienceimposterfeelings.Today,impostersyndromecanapplyto___14___whoisn’tabletointernalizeandowntheirsuccesses.Someexpertsbelieve___15___(experience)impostorsyndromehastodowithpersonalitytraits--likeanxietyorneuroticism.Othersfocusonfamilyorbehavioralcauses.Forinstance,childhoodmemories,suchasfeelingthatyourgradeswerenevergoodenoughforyourparentsorthatyousiblingsalwaysdidbetterthanyouincertainareas,canleavealastingimpact.Externalfactors,suchasenvironmentandinstitutionalizeddiscrimination,canalsoplayamajorrolein___16___(arouse)imposterfeelings.Asenseofbelongingbuildsupconfidence.Conversely,thefewerpeoplewholookorsoundlikeyou,the___17___(confident)youfeel.Thisisespeciallytruewhenyoubelongtoagroupforwhomtherearestereotypesaboutcompetence,includingwomeninSTEMfieldsorinternationalstudentsatAmericanuniversities.Thereareanumberofactionsthatcansignificantlyhelpyouovercomeimpostersyndrome:You___18___shareyourfeelingswithtrustedfriendsormentors;youcanwritedownlistsofyourachievementsskillsandsuccesses___19___(demonstrate)_toyourselfthatyouhaveconcretevaluetosharewiththeworld;oryoucanrequestongoingfeedbackthathelpstoprovetheeffortyouputintoyourwork.Butintheend,___20___youarestillunabletogetridofthesenegativefeelings,itisimportantthatyouseekoutaprofessionalpsychologist.Mostpeopleexperiencemomentsofdoubt,andthat’snormal.Theimportantpartisnottoletthatdoubtcontrolyouractions.Youcanstillhaveanimpostormoment,butnotanimpostorlife.【答案】11.estimated12.wasidentified13.hasshown14.anyone15.experiencing16.arousing17.lessconfident18.can19.todemonstrate20.if【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了冒名頂替綜合癥真實存在的現(xiàn)象并分析了其形成的原因，最后提出了克服冒名頂替綜合癥的建議。【11題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：據(jù)?國際行為科學雜志?上發(fā)表的一篇文章，估計有70%的人——即使是很聰明的人——在人生的某個階段都會體驗到這種冒名頂替的感覺。此處要用形容詞修飾名詞70percentofpeople。故填estimated?！?2題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：冒名頂替綜合癥指的是人們認為自己的成功是由于運氣好或時機好，而不是自己的天賦或資質(zhì)。1978年，心理學家PaulineRoseClance和SuzanneImes發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種病癥。根據(jù)in1978可知時態(tài)是一般過去時，且主語是ImposterSyndrome，因此謂語動詞identify要用被動語態(tài)。故填wasidentified。【13題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：從那以后，研究說明男人和女人都會有冒名頂替者的感覺。根據(jù)Sincethen可知主句時態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語是research，因此謂語動詞是hasshown。故填hasshown?！?4題詳解】考查代詞。句意：如今，冒名頂替綜合癥適用于任何一個無法將自己的成功內(nèi)在化的人。根據(jù)applyto可知此處要用名詞或代詞作賓語，且由定語從句whoisn’tabletointernalizeandowntheirsuccesses可知此處要用不定代詞anyone。故填anyone?！?5題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：一些專家認為，冒名頂替者綜合癥與焦慮或神經(jīng)質(zhì)等個性特征有關(guān)。根據(jù)hastodowith可知此處要用動名詞，與impostorsyndrome構(gòu)成主語。故填experiencing。【16題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：外部因素，如環(huán)境和制度化的歧視，也可以在激發(fā)冒名頂替者的感覺中發(fā)揮重要作用。根據(jù)playamajorrolein可知此處要用動名詞作介詞in的賓語。故填arousing?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞的比擬級。句意：相反，長相或聲音越像你的人越少，你就越不自信。根據(jù)thefewerpeoplewholookorsoundlikeyou可知此處也要用形容詞的比擬級。故填lessconfident?！?8題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：你可以與你信任的朋友或?qū)煼窒砟愕母惺?。根?jù)下半句youcanwritedownlistsofyourachievements可知此處要用情態(tài)動詞can。故填can?！?9題詳解】考查不定式作目的狀語。句意：你可以寫下你的成就、技能和成功，向自己證明你有具體的價值可以與世界分享。此處要用不定式作目的狀語，表示寫下你的成就、技能和成功是為了向自己證明你有具體的價值可以與世界分享。故填todemonstrate?！?0題詳解】考查連詞。句意：但最后，如果你仍然無法擺脫這些負面情緒，那么找一個專業(yè)的心理學家是很重要的。根據(jù)下半句itisimportantthatyouseekoutaprofessionalpsychologist可知其與上半句之間是表示假設的關(guān)系，因此要用連詞if。故填if?！军c睛】第3小題考查了現(xiàn)在完成時?，F(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+過去分詞。主要用法有：1、表示過去所發(fā)生的動作或事情對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，著眼點在現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在完成時時常與不確定的過去時間狀語連用，表示“已發(fā)生〞或“未發(fā)生〞，如：yet，just，before，recently，once，lately，oflate等；也同表示頻度的時間狀語連用，如：often，ever，never，sometimes，twice，onseveraloccasions等；也同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，如：now，today，thismorning，thismonth，thisyear等。但不能同特定的過去時間狀語〔in1995，lastyear等〕連用。例句：Hehaslosthiswallet.他的錢包丟了。Whyhaven’tIseenyouallthesemonths?我怎么這么多月沒看見你呢？We’vehadtoomuchrainthisyear.今年雨水太多。2、表示一個從過去某個時間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能延續(xù)下去的動作。常同表示包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的一段時間的狀語連用，如：sofar，uptonow，sincelastyear，foralongtime，allmylife，thesefewdays等。例句：Hehasworkedhereforovertwentyyears.他在這里工作已有20多年了。Uptonow,wehavereceivednonewsfromher.到現(xiàn)在為止，我們沒有從她那里收到任何消息。SectionB(A)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayedatthe___21___?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?Buthaveyouevernoticedthesmell?Unlessitisbad,theansweris___22___tobeno.Butwhileashop’sscent〔香味〕maynotbe___23___comparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovingtobeanincreasinglypowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhich___24___throughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customer’s___25___topurchaseincreasedby80percent.WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinParis,scentisjustasimportanttoabrand’ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatis___26___becauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.Someyearsago,the___27___forbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistants’___28___attitudeanddon’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce(ecommerce)hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricksandmortarstores〔實體店〕canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Onebrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butrathera___29___.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.Now,afamousstoreusescomplexmanmadesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment.Anotherdepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,___30___customersonajourneyintothestore’swindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.【答案】21.H22.B23.E24.F25.J26.C27.G28.A29.K30.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了商店中的氣味在鼓勵人們購置意愿上有很大的作用。【21題詳解】考查名詞。句意：入口處展示的產(chǎn)品？短語attheentrance入口處，因此名詞entrance“入口〞符合題意。應選H。【22題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：除非情況很糟糕，否那么答案很可能是否認的。短語belikelyto很有可能，因此形容詞likely“很可能的〞符合題意。應選B。【23題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雖然商店的氣味與視覺和聽覺相比可能并不突出，但它肯定是存在的。根據(jù)maynotbe可知此處要用形容詞作表語，outstanding“突出的〞符合題意。應選E?！?4題詳解】考查動詞。句意：一家品牌店因其獨特的香味而知名，這種香味通過香味機飄過漆黑的大廳，飄到門口。分析句子可知，此句是由which引導的定語從句，缺少謂語動詞，關(guān)系詞which指的是scent，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，因此謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，floats“漂浮〞符合題意。應選F。【25題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一家體育用品公司曾經(jīng)報告說，當它第一次將香水引入商店時，顧客的購置意愿增加了80%。根據(jù)customer’s可知此處要用名詞，不可數(shù)名詞intention“意向，意圖，目的〞符合題意。應選J?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這主要是因為購物是一種與過去截然不同的體驗。此處要用副詞修飾由because引導的原因狀語從句，因此mainly“主要地〞符合題意。應選C。【27題詳解】考查名詞。句意：根據(jù)冠詞the可知此處要用名詞構(gòu)成主語局部，因此focus“焦點，中心〞符合題意。應選G?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：幾年前，人們對名牌購物的關(guān)注集中在幾個人身上，他們有銷售助理不贊成的態(tài)度和不碰你買不起的東西。根據(jù)attitude可知此處要用形容詞修飾名詞，因此disapproving“不支持的，不贊同的〞符合題意。應選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一個品牌商店不僅僅是一個商店，而是一個目的地。根據(jù)冠詞a可知此處要用名詞，destination“目的地〞符合題意。應選K。【30題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：另一家百貨商店甚至開設了一個新的實驗室，邀請顧客到商店的櫥窗里聞一聞書籍、罐子和抽屜，尋找它們的完美氣味。根據(jù)謂語動詞hasevenopened可知此處要用非謂語動詞，且邏輯主語Anotherdepartmentstore和invite之間是主動關(guān)系，因此要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，因此inviting“邀請〞符合題意。應選D。(B)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.APekingOperaLegendThatRedefinedFemaleRolesWhenitcomestoPekingOpera,afewkeythingscometomindformostChinese:itsquintessentialconnectiontothehistoryandtraditionsofChina;therichnessofitsdazzlingcostumeswiththeir___31___colorsandpatterns;andtheboldworkofitsfacialmake-up.Somemayevenbeabletohumafewlinesortalkabouttheirfavoriteartists,butforthevastmajorityofpeople,traditionalChineseoperaremainsaclassicartformthatisfar___32___fromeverydaylife.However,onlyacenturyago,PekingOperawasnoless___33___totheregularpopulacethanistoday’spopmusic.Theperformerswereadmiredbyalargenumberoffanswhowerewillingtospendafortuneonatickettotheirperformances.ThroughoutthehistoryofPekingOpera,therehave___34___manyrenownedmastersoftheform.ButMeiLanfang(1894-1961)wasarguablethemostoutstandingfigureofthiscraft,whowasfamousforhisportrayalofthefemaleleadroles(dan)____35____asoneofthe“fourfameddan,〞Meiwassomuchmorethaneventhis.HebroughtforthanumberofnewideastoseveralaspectsofPekingOpera:make-up(hewasthefirsttowarlipstick),music(hisproductionsfirst____36____theerhuinshows),choreography(編舞藝術(shù))(hisiconicsworddanceinFarewellMyConcubine?霸王別姬?)and,mostimportantlycharacterization.Atatimewhenactualwomenwerebannedfromperforming,Mei____37____thedantostarringroles.Hecombinedelementsoftheqingyi(elegantlady),huadan(youngwoman)anddaomadan(femalewarrior)intoanewhuashancharacterthatexcelledinsinging,dancingandmartialarts.Thetechniquesheintroducedledtothedevelopmentofthe“MeiSchool〞,whichwasconsideredoneofthethreemajordramaticperformingartsystemsintheworldatthetime.“Myfatherbrokethe____38____betweenalmostallthedifferenttypesoffemalerole,〞MeiBaojiu,theyoungestchildofMeiLanfangwhofollowedhisfatherintodanacting,wasquotedassaying.ThankstoMei’s____39____innovations,eventhosewhoknowlittleabouttraditionalChineseoperacaneasilyseethebeautyoftheartformthemomentperformerstakethestage.“Hismake-up,theoverlayofcarmines(胭脂紅)anddarkertones,isthemostbeautifulIhaveeverseeninatheater,〞wroteU.S.playwrightStarkYoungafterwatchingMeiLanfang’sperformanceinNewYorkin1930.ButthetruebeautyofPekingOperaisnotsolelyaboutvisualaesthetics.“Forveteranartists,eventheirperformanceswithoutmake-upcanbejustas_____40_____asfull-onstageperformances,〞Meiwroteinhis1958memoir,FortyYearsofLifeonthestage.JustasPekingOperahasbecomeaniconofChineseculture,Meihascometobeacknowledgeonthegrandstageoftheworldasitsquintessentialperformer.【答案】31.H32.I33.E34.D35.F36.G37.C38.K39.A40.J【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了重新定義女性角色的京劇傳奇——梅蘭芳大師。【31題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：帶著豐富色彩和圖案的華美的服飾。根據(jù)colorsandpatterns可知此處要用形容詞修飾名詞詞組，因此luxurious“奢侈的，豐富的〞符合題意。應選H。【32題詳解】考查動詞的過去分詞。句意：有些人甚至能哼唱幾句臺詞或談論他們最喜歡的藝術(shù)家，但對絕大多數(shù)人來說，傳統(tǒng)的中國戲曲仍然是一種遠離日常生活的經(jīng)典藝術(shù)形式。短語removefrom“除掉，移動〞，根據(jù)is可知此處要用動詞的過去分詞形式，因此removed符合題意。應選I?！?3題詳解】考查動詞的過去分詞。句意：然而，就在一個世紀以前，京劇與普通群眾的聯(lián)系并不亞于今天的流行音樂。短語connectto“連接到，相連〞，根據(jù)was可知此處要用動詞的過去分詞形式，因此connected符合題意。應選E?！?4題詳解】考查動詞的過去分詞。句意：在京劇的歷史上，出現(xiàn)了許多著名的京劇表演大師。根據(jù)have可知此處要用動詞的過去分詞形式，因此arisen符合題意。應選D?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：梅蘭芳被公認為“四大名旦〞之一，他的成就遠不止于此。此處要用非謂語動詞，根據(jù)recognize與邏輯主語Mei之間是被動關(guān)系，因此要用過去分詞形式，因此recognized符合題意。應選F?！?6題詳解】考查動詞的過去式。句意：他為京劇的幾個方面帶來了許多新思想：化裝(他是第一個使用口紅的人)、音樂(他的作品中首次使用了二胡特色)、編舞(他在?霸王別姬?中標志性的劍舞)，以及最重要的人物塑造。根據(jù)主語是hisproductions可知此處要用謂語動詞，且時態(tài)是一般過去時，因此featured“使…有特色，起重要作用〞符合題意。應選G。【37題詳解】考查動詞的過去式。句意：有一次當真正的女性被禁止表演時，梅蘭芳把旦角提升為主演。根據(jù)主語是Mei可知此處要用謂語動詞，且時態(tài)是一般過去時，因此elevated“提升，提拔〞符合題意。應選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：“我父親打破了幾乎所有不同類型的女性角色之間的界限，〞梅蘭芳最小的孩子梅葆玖說。根據(jù)冠詞the可知此處要用名詞作break的賓語，因此distinction“差異，界限〞符合題意。應選K?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：多虧了梅蘭芳的開創(chuàng)性創(chuàng)新，即使是那些對中國傳統(tǒng)戲曲知之甚少的人也能很容易地從表演者登臺的那一刻就看到藝術(shù)之美。根據(jù)名詞innovations可知此處要用形容詞修飾名詞，因此groundbreaking“開創(chuàng)性的〞符合題意。應選A。【40題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：梅在他1958年的回憶錄?舞臺上的40年?中寫道：“對于資深藝術(shù)家來說，即使不化裝，他們的表演也可以和舞臺上的全套表演一樣吸引人。〞根據(jù)as…as可知此處要用形容詞，因此appealing“吸引人的〞符合題意。應選J。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thesights,sounds,andsmellsofthemodernmarketplacearerarelyaccidental.Morelikely,theyaretoolsofanevolvingstrategyofpsychologicalmarketingcalled“sensorymarketing〞tocreateanemotionalassociationtoa(n)___41___productorbrand.Byrelatingtopeopleinafarmore___42___waythrougheveryone’sownsenses,sensorymarketingisabletoaffectpeopleinawaythattraditionalmassmarketingcannot.Traditionalmarketingbelievesthatconsumerswillsystematicallyconsider___43___productfactorslikeprice,features,andutility.Sensorymarketing,bycontrast,seekstoresorttotheconsumer'slifeexperiencesandfeelings.Sensorymarketingbelievesthatpeople,asconsumers,willactaccordingtotheiremotionalurgemorethantotheir___44___reasoning.Inthisway,aneffectivesensorymarketingeffortcanresultinconsumerschoosingtobuyalovelybutexpensiveproduct,ratherthanaplainbutcheap___45___.Inthepast,communicationswithcustomersweremainlymonologues—companiesjust‘talkedat’consumers.Thentheyevolvedintodialogues,withcustomersproviding___46___.Nowthey’rebecomingmultidimensionalconversations,withproductsfindingtheirownvoicesandconsumersresponding___47___tothem.Basedontheimpliedmessagesreceivedthroughfivesenses,consumers,withoutnoticingit,tendtoapplyhuman-likepersonalitiestobrands,leadingtointimaterelationshipand,hopefullyforthebrands,persistent___48___.Andthat’stheverythingbrandsaredyingtofosterincustomersratherthaninstanttrendorprofits.Mostbrandsareconsideredtohaveeither"sincere"or"exciting"personalities."Sincere"brandslikeIBMandBoeingtendtoberegardedasconservativeandreliablewhile"exciting"brandslikeApple,andFerrariareasimaginativeand___49___.Ingeneral,consumerstendtoform___50___relationshipswithsincerebrandsthanwithexcitingones.Thisexplainstherelativelyenduringhistoryofthe“SincereBrands〞Certainly,withtheeyescontainingtwo-thirdsofallthe___51___cellsinaperson'sbody,sightisconsideredthemostimportantofallhumansenses.Sensorymarketingusessighttocreateamemorable"sightexperience"oftheproductforconsumerswhichextendstopackaging,storeinteriors,andprintedadvertisingtoforma(n)___52___imageforthebrand.Inotherwords,noaspectofaproductdesignisleftto___53___anymore,especiallycolor.Brandacceptanceislinkedcloselywiththeappropriatenessofthecolorsonthebrand—doesthecolor___54___theproductatall?Ifnot,customers,thoughnotrealizingitthemselves,will___55___thebrandsinallpossiblewayssales,reputation,etc.Therefore,brands,isn’tittimenowtostudythenewfieldofmarketing?41.A.specific B.qualified C.average D.adequate42.A.economic B.personal C.artificial D.mechanic43.A.obvious B.potential C.accessible D.concrete44.A.imaginable B.objective C.psychological D.gradual45.A.alternative B.reward C.sample D.exhibit46.A.compliment B.fund C.prospect D.feedback47.A.temporarily B.subconsciously C.occasionally D.attentively48.A.loyalty B.philosophy C.endurance D.regulation49.A.mild B.daring C.steady D.classic50.A.far-fetched B.hard-won C.long-lasting D.easy-going51.A.individual B.sensory C.present D.general52.A.overall B.ambitious C.dramatic D.additional53.A.chance B.maintenance C.progress D.leadership54.A.accept B.overlook C.fit D.treat55.A.shape B.punish C.signify D.exploit【答案】41.A42.B43.D44.B45.A46.D47.B48.A49.B50.C51.B52.A53.A54.C55.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了心理營銷策略——感官營銷〞的特點、原理及其應用?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：更有可能的是，它們是一種被稱為“感官營銷〞的心理營銷策略的演變工具，用來建立與特定產(chǎn)品或品牌的情感聯(lián)系。A.specific特定的、明確的；B.qualified合格的；C.average平均的；D.adequate充足的。上文說現(xiàn)代市場的景象、聲音和氣味很少是偶然的，它們可能是“感官營銷〞心理營銷策略的工具，用來建立與某一特定產(chǎn)品或品牌的情感聯(lián)系，故A項正確?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過每個人自己的感官，以一種更加個人化的方式與人建立聯(lián)系，感官營銷能夠以傳統(tǒng)群眾營銷無法到達的方式影響人們。A.economic經(jīng)濟的；B.personal個人的；C.artificial人造的；D.mechanic手工的。根據(jù)空后的“througheveryone’sownsenses〞可知此處指感官營銷通過每個人自己的感官，以一種更加個人化的方式與人建立聯(lián)系，故B項正確?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：傳統(tǒng)營銷認為，消費者會系統(tǒng)地考慮具體的產(chǎn)品因素，如價格、特點和效用。A.obvious明顯的；B.potential潛在的；C.accessible可進入的；D.concrete實在的、具體的。空后說感官營銷試圖借助消費者的生活體驗和感受，因此此處是說價格、特點和效用是產(chǎn)品的具體因素，故D項正確?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：感官營銷認為，作為消費者，人們的行為將更多地根據(jù)他們的情感沖動而不是他們的客觀推理。這樣，一個有效的感官營銷努力可以導致消費者選擇購置一個可愛但昂貴的產(chǎn)品，而不是一個簡單但廉價的替代品。A.imaginable難以想象的；B.objective客觀的；C.psychological心理的；D.gradual逐漸的。根據(jù)空前的“theiremotionalurge〞可知，感官營銷認為消費者的行為將更多地根據(jù)他們的情感沖動而不是他們的客觀推理，故B項正確?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.alternative替換物、二中選一；B.reward獎賞；C.sample樣本；D.exhibit展覽品。根據(jù)空前的“alovelybutexpensiveproduct〞可知，感官營銷努力可以使消費者選擇購置一個可愛但昂貴的產(chǎn)品，而不是一個簡單但廉價的替代品，故A項正確?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來它們演變成對話，由客戶提供反響。A.compliment稱贊；B.fund資金；C.prospect前途；D.feedback反響?？涨罢f在過去，與客戶的溝通主要是獨白，公司只是對消費者說話，后來獨白演變成對話，消費者也有話語權(quán)了，可以提供反響，故D項正確?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，它們正變成多維度的對話，產(chǎn)品找到自己的聲音，消費者下意識地做出反響。A.temporarily臨時地；B.subconsciously潛意識地；C.occasionally偶爾；D.attentively注意地。下文說基于通過五種感官接收到的隱含信息，消費者在無意識的情況下，傾向于將人性化的個性應用于品牌，由此可知，消費者會下意識地對產(chǎn)品的聲音做出反響，故B項正確?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：基于通過五種感官接收到的隱含信息，消費者在無意識的情況下，傾向于將人性化的個性應用于品牌，從而導致親密關(guān)系，并有望對品牌保持持久的忠誠。A.loyalty忠實、忠誠；B.philosophy哲理；C.endurance耐久性；D.regulation校準。根據(jù)空前的“l(fā)eadingtointimaterelationshipand,hopefullyforthebrands,〞可知，消費者將人性化的個性應用于品牌的結(jié)果是讓消費者與品牌之間建立親密關(guān)系，進而使消費者有望對品牌保持持久的忠誠，故A項正確?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：像IBM和波音這樣的“真誠〞品牌往往被認為是保守和可靠的，而像蘋果和法拉利這樣的“令人興奮〞品牌那么是富有想象力和膽識的。A.mild溫和的；B.daring有膽識的、大膽的；C.steady穩(wěn)固的；D.classic經(jīng)典的。此處與前面的可靠和保守形成比照，指“富有想象力和膽識的〞，故B項正確?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一般來說，消費者傾向于與真誠的品牌建立持久的關(guān)系，而不是與令人興奮的品牌。A.far-fetched牽強附會的；B.hard-won來之不易的；C.long-lasting持久的、長期的；D.easy-going隨和的?？蘸笳f這就解釋了“真誠的品牌〞相對持久的歷史，由此可知，消費者傾向于與真誠的品牌建立持久的關(guān)系，故C項正確。51題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當然，眼睛包含人體三分之二的感覺細胞，視覺被認為是人類所有感官中最重要的。A.individual個人的；B.sensory感官的、感覺的；C.present目前的；D.general一般的?？蘸笳f視覺被認為是人類所有感官中最重要的，因此此處是說眼睛含有人體三分之二的感覺細胞，故B項正確。【52題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：感官營銷利用視覺為消費者創(chuàng)造一種難忘的產(chǎn)品“視覺體驗〞，延伸到包裝、商店內(nèi)部和印刷廣告，以形成品牌的整體形象。A.overall總體的；B.ambitious野心勃勃的；C.dramatic引人注目的；D.additional額外的。根據(jù)空前的“createamemorable"sightexperience"oftheproductforconsumerswhichextendstopackaging,storeinteriors,andprintedadvertising〞可知，這種“視覺體驗〞延伸到包裝、商店內(nèi)部和印刷廣告以形成品牌的整體形象，故A項正確?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：換句話說，產(chǎn)品設計的任何方面都不再是偶然的，尤其是顏色。A.chance偶然、可能性；B.maintenance維護、維修；C.progress進步、開展；D.leadership領導能力。上文說感官營銷利用視覺為消費者創(chuàng)造一種難忘的產(chǎn)品“視覺體驗〞，延伸到包裝、商店內(nèi)部和印刷廣告，以形成品牌的整體形象，產(chǎn)品設計的每個方面都有很強的目的性，所以產(chǎn)品設計的任何方面都不再是偶然的，故A項正確、【54題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：顏色是否完全適合產(chǎn)品？A.accept接受；B.overlook無視；C.fit與……相符、適合；D.treat對待。空前說品牌接受度與品牌顏色的恰當性密切相關(guān)，因此此處是說顏色是否完全適合產(chǎn)品？故C項正確?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有，顧客雖然自己沒有意識到，但會以各種可能的方式懲罰品牌的銷售、聲譽等。A.shape塑造；B.punish懲罰；C.signify表示；D.exploit開拓。上文說品牌接受度與品牌顏色的恰當性密切相關(guān)，因此如果顏色不適合產(chǎn)品的話，品牌的銷售和聲譽會受到消費者的懲罰，故B項正確?！军c睛】本篇第13題難度較大，對上文的理解是關(guān)鍵，上文說感官營銷利用視覺為消費者創(chuàng)造一種難忘的產(chǎn)品“視覺體驗〞，延伸到包裝、商店內(nèi)部和印刷廣告，以形成品牌的整體形象，產(chǎn)品設計的每個方面都有很強的目的性，所以產(chǎn)品設計的任何方面都不再是偶然的，這對應了文章第一句話“Thesights,sounds,andsmellsofthemodernmarketplacearerarelyaccidental.〞中的“accidental〞，故A項正確、SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)TheInternetofThing(IoT)aimstogeteverythingandeveryonetalking.Attachingsensorsto“things〞,suchascows,carsandrefrigerator,andthenassigningthemuniqueIPaddressesallowthento“talk〞totheInternet.Ofcourse,theIoTwillinvolvemuchmorethanahandfulofsensors.NetworkingcompanyCiscoestimatesthat50billionInternet-connecteddevicesandobjectswillbesendingoverdateby2021.SpecificBenefitsTheIoTwillallowpeopletotrackthingsandprocesseslikeneverbefore.Airplanemanufacturerswillbeabletocontinuouslytracktheconditionofairplaneparts,allowingthemtodopreventivemaintenanceandavoidcostlydowntime.Consumerscouldinstallsmartmetersintheirhomestomonitorenergyusageandobserveenergypricechangesinrealtime.Thatwouldallowpeopletoadjusttheirhabitsanduseelectricalappliancesduringlower-pricedhours.SomeFearsSomecriticsfearthattheIoTcouldendupbeingafashionthatpeopleloseinterestinovertime.HavingTwitterfeedsonrefrigeratordoorsmaysoundcoolatfirst,buttheattractioncouldfadeasquicklyastheexcitementoverlastyear’ssmart-phone!OthercriticsaredoubtfulthatcompaniesmakingInternet-connectedapplianceswillprovidelong-termsoftwareupdates.Ifthathappens,arefrigeratororwashingmachinethatshouldlast10yearsormorecouldlasttwoorthreeduetosoftwarethat’soutdated.APositiveExampleEarlythisyear,ownersoftheTeslaModelSelectriccarreceivedarecallnoticealertingthemtoachargerplug,needingtobefixed.Amazingly,ownersoftheModelSsatbackwhilethecompanyperformedan“overtheair〞wirelessupdate.Customersconfirmedtheupdatebytappingonthecar’stouchscreenconsoletoseethattheModelSwasrunningthelatestsoftwareversion.Notriptothedealerwasrequired!PerhapsTesla’sremotefixisasignofthingstocome.Somedaysoon,people’slivesmightbecomealotmoreefficientandconvenientthankstotheIoT.56.Howdoresearchersgeteverythingandeveryonetalking?AByestablishingtheIoTandlaunchingahandfulofsensors.B.ByconnectingsensorswiththemandappointingthemuniqueIPaddresses.C.BycommunicatingwiththemallthetimethroughtheIoT.D.Bysendingpeopletotrackthemdayandnightandcollectusefuldata.57.WhatelsedocriticsworryabouttheIoTbesidesitsprobablyendingupbeingafashion?A.Peoplewillloseinterestinitasquicklyasthethrilloverlastyear’ssmart-phone.B.Refrigeratorsandwashingmachineswillbereplacedbyotherdevicesinafewyears.C.Whetherrelatedcompanieswillprovidelong-termsoftwareupdatesornot.D.Thesoftwareprovidedbycompanieswillbeoutdatedeasilyandquickly.58.Accordingtothepassage,whenownersoftheTeslaModelSelectricreceivedarecallnotice,they_______.A.justwaitedinthecarwhilethemaintenanceisbeingdonethroughwirelessupdateB.wererequiredtogot