專題四介詞和介詞短語1.[2016·浙江卷]Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowup________influencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.A.on B.in C.at D.about2.Apositiveatmospherecanmakeaclassroomamorepleasantplaceand________，amoreeffectivemotivatingplacetolearn.A.inreturn B.intheend C.inturn D.inaword3.[2018·江蘇卷]China'ssoftpowergrows________theincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.A.inlinewith B.inreplyto C.inreturnfor D.inhonourof4.[2017·北京卷]Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving____fishingindustry.A.at B.in C.on D.by5.[2017·江蘇卷]Determiningwhereweare________oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.A.incontrastto B.indefenseof C.infaceof D.inrelationto6.[2017·天津卷]WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe________treesthatareover1，000yearsold.A.among B.against C.behind D.below7.[2019·江蘇卷]Favorablepoliciesare________toencourageemployees'professionaldevelopment.A.ineffect B.incommand C.inturn D.inshape介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，其用法多而雜。要注意識(shí)別考綱中規(guī)定的介詞及其相關(guān)搭配的基本意義和用法。介詞是高考的必考點(diǎn)，命題形式除了單項(xiàng)選擇外還涉及完形填空與書面表達(dá)。近年來，?？嫉囊辉~多義的較難介詞有：off,against,across,beyond,over,with,through,by等，同時(shí)介詞短語也是考查熱點(diǎn)。要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備一1表示時(shí)間的in,on,atat表示時(shí)刻，可精確到分秒；in表示一段時(shí)間；on總是與日子有關(guān)，另外還指某一天的上、下午。如：atnoon/night/Christmas,attheend/beginningof,atthattimeinthemorning,inOctober/1988,inthepast,inthefutureonMonday,onChristmasEve,onawarmmorning2表示時(shí)間的since,fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since從句用一般過去時(shí)；from指從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始，一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)。如：Ihopetodomoreexercisefromtoday.3表示時(shí)間的in,afterin指在一段時(shí)間之后，與將來時(shí)連用；after表示在某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后，與將來時(shí)或過去時(shí)連用，或用在過去的一段時(shí)間后，與過去時(shí)連用。如：Aftertwodays,hereturned.Itwillbefinishedinthreedays.4表示地理位置的in,on,to,off,beneathin表示在某范圍內(nèi)；on指與某范圍毗鄰；to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。off表“離……很近；在……附近”；beneath“在正下方，在底下”。如：JiangsuliesonthenorthofZhejiang.JapanliestotheeastofChina.ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina.Therestaurantisjustoffthemainroad.Dropsofwaterformbeneaththeplasticsheet.5既表時(shí)間、地理又表抽象概念的withinwithin在(某時(shí)間、距離、范圍)之內(nèi)Youshallreceiveareplywithinthreedays.Myschooliswithinwalkingdistance.Manyelectronicdevicesarenowwithinthereachofaveragefamilies.6表“穿過”的through,acrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in有關(guān)；across表示在表面上通過，與on有關(guān)。如：throughthetunnel/pipe/forest/jungleacrossthestreet/square/road7表“關(guān)于”的about,onabout指涉及；on指專門論述。如：tellsb.aboutsth.writeanessayonsth.8between與amongbetween表示在兩者之間或兩兩之間；among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.Theydividedthemoneyupamongthechildren.9besides,but，exceptfor與exceptbesides指“除了……還有，再加上”，相當(dāng)于inaddition(to),what'smore,apartfrom,asidefrom,aswellas，句子中往往含有else,more,other,too,another等詞。如：Allwenttothecinemabesidesme.except指“除了……之外”，不放在句首。如：WeallpassedtheexamexceptTom.but與except意思相近，表“除了……之外”，用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything和其他疑問詞之后。如：Everyonewasherebuthim.exceptfor表“除……之外”“要不是”，只表明理由細(xì)節(jié)，它所敘述的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)部分用來修正句子的主要意思。如：Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.10表示“用”的in,with,by,over,on,throughwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音。如：Heiswritinginink/withapen.TheEnglishmeasurethingsinpounds.Readthetextinaloudvoice.by,over,on,through多用于無形的工具或方式、手段。如：byhand/machine,onthetelephone,over/on/throughtheradio,throughthetelescope,throughhardwork＝byworkinghard11as與likeas意為“作為，以……的地位或身份”；like意為“像……一樣”，指情形相似。如：Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.Letmespeaktoyouasafather.12in與intoin通常表示位置(靜態(tài))，但與drop,fall,put,throw,break等終止性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，也可以表示動(dòng)向；into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置13表出行方式的by,in,onbysea/water/plane/air/land/bus/taxi/ship/spaceshiponaplane,onanearlytrain,onone'sbike,inanewcar,onfoot,onhorseback,onahorse,onthecamel14表原因的becauseof,dueto,thanksto,onaccountofbecauseof與onaccountof通常作狀語，位于句首或句中。如：ThesportsmeetingwillbeputofftillnextMondaybecauseof/onaccountoftheheavyrain.dueto通?？勺鞅碚Z或狀語。如：Hisillnesswasduetosmokinganddrinking.thanksto意為“幸虧，多虧”，褒貶均可。如：Sofar,Chinahasavoidedlarge-scaledamage,thankstoitsgenerallyeffectiveresponse.15表示處于某種狀態(tài)的on,in,underon用于表示動(dòng)態(tài)，如正在從事某種活動(dòng)或處于某種運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)之中。如：onbusiness,onavisit,onstrike,onsale,onshow/exhibition/display,onwatch,onfire,onvacation/holiday,onduty,onthedecrease/rise/increase,onleave,onthewayin多用于表示靜態(tài)狀況，如安全、危險(xiǎn)、健康，涉及人的情緒等。如：introuble,indanger,inorder,insurprise,insilence,inhigh/lowspirits,indebt,inpowerunder多表示動(dòng)態(tài)，后加抽象名詞，表示“在……的過程中”，有被動(dòng)含義。如：underrepair,underdiscussion,underdebate,underattack,underconsideration,underway,underreview16of＋great/much＋抽象名詞＝very＋adj.It'sofgreat/muchvalue.＝Itisveryvaluable.It'sofnouse.＝Itisnotuseful.＝Itisuseless.Tomandheareofanage/thesameage.＝Tomisasoldashe.注意：of＋no/little＋抽象名詞＝not＋adj；beof＋a/an＋n.＝beofthesame＋n.表示“同一的”。該結(jié)構(gòu)常在句中作表語與定語17with1)和……在一起；由……陪同；有……在場(chǎng)。如：Youcan'tseeJohnatthemoment,asheiswiththemanager.2)表兩事物之間相應(yīng)關(guān)系或齊頭并進(jìn)的意思。如：Withtimepassingby,theyhavegrownup.3)帶有，帶走，攜帶。如：Thewaiterarrivedwithacupofcoffee.4)表方式。如：Thestrangerspokewithaforeignaccent.5)表原因或理由。如：Thelittlechildtrembledwithfear.Mywifeisinbedwithinfluenza.6)with結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作狀語或定語。如：Theboywithhisfrontteethmissinglikessinging.18by意為“不遲于(某時(shí)間)，到……為止”。如：Iwillhavegottheworkfinishedbytheendofthisweek.2)意為“在……期間”。如：Theydecidedtotravelbynight/byday.3)指身體的某部位。如：Heseizedmebythearm/hand/hair/collar.4)意為“由于……的結(jié)果，憑借”。如：Hesucceededbyworkinghard.5)意為“以……的幅度”。如：Thisoneisshorterthantheotherbythreeinches.Welostthematchbyonegoal.6)表買賣東西所按以計(jì)算的數(shù)或量，或付酬所按以計(jì)算的時(shí)間。如：Milkissoldbythepint,butterbythepoundandeggsbythedozen.注意區(qū)別：byweight/time/distance7)意為“按照……，根據(jù)……”。如：Bytheexpressiononhisface,heseemedtobedispleased.8)意為“經(jīng)，由”。如：Thestrangerenteredtheroombythebackdoorwithoutbeingnoticed.9)意為“在……旁邊；緊靠”。如：Thelittleboystoodcloselybyhismother.19易用錯(cuò)介詞inthedirectionof(朝……方向),takeaphotoofsb./sp.為……拍照；withthehelp/aid/assistanceof(在……的幫助下),thenewsinthenewspaper(報(bào)紙上的消息),bewoundedintheleg(腿上受傷),ticketsforthefilm(電影票),thekeytothedoor(門的鑰匙)20常用介詞短語accordingto;attheageof;atthebackof;atthebottomof;attheendof;attheedgeof;atthemercyof;attheidea/thoughtof;atthesoundof;atthesightof;becauseof;byaccident/chance/coincidence;byhand;bymouth;bynomeans;bythedozen;insteadof;upto;dueto;owingto;thanksto;onaccountof;intermsof;inviewof;indefenseof;inresponse/answer/reactionto;inturn;inreturn;incase(of);inthecaseof;intheeventof;invain;inneed;inthe/one'sway/path；regardlessof/inspiteof;inhonorof;inpraiseof;inplaceof;incelebrationof;inchargeof;inmemoryof;inneedof;insearchof;intheformof;contraryto;inharmonywith;inplace/outofplace;insympathywith;atrandom;onaverage;onbehalfof;atlength;onpurpose;withthepurpose/intention/aimof;withthehelp/assistance/aidof;withthedevelopment/advanceof;withtheviewof;withnorelationto;with/inregardto;with/inreferenceto；within/beyondthereachof;underthenameof;inthenameof;underthecontrolof,underthechargeof,undertheconditionof要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備二：常見介詞搭配atattheageof...;atthebackof...;atthebottomof...;attheendof...;attheedgeof...;atthemercyof...;attheidea/thoughtof...;atthesoundof...;atthesightof...；atrandom;atlength;atwar;athand;atyourpleasure;athighpressure;atdisadvantage;atdinner/attable;atyourconveniencebeyondbeyondsb.;beyondexpression;beyondcomparison;beyondwords;beyondimagination;beyondpraise;beyondcontrol;beyondquestion;beyondreach;beyonddoubt;beyondbelief/understandinginintermsof...;inviewof...;indefenseof...;inresponse/answer/reactionto...;inturn;inreturn;incase(of...);inthecaseof...;intheeventof...;invain;inneed;inthe/one'sway/path;inspiteof...;inhonorof...;inpraiseof...;inplaceof...;incelebrationof...;inchargeof...;inmemoryof...;inneedof...;insearchof...;intheformof...;insympathywith...;inthenameof...;infearof...;infaceof...;inharmonywith...;inorder;inprogress;inadilemma;inconfusion;indanger;inpractice;inplaceofdeprivesb.ofsth.;ridsb.ofsth.;robsb.ofsth.;curesb.ofsth.;informsb.ofsth.;warnsb.ofsth.;remindsb.ofsth.;convincesb.ofsth.;accusesb.ofsth.;suspectsb.ofsth.withwiththepurpose/intention/aimof...;withthehelp/assistance/aidof...;withthedevelopment/advanceof...;withtheviewof...;withnorelationto...;with/inregardto...;with/inreferenceto...underunderthenameof...；undertheconditionof...;underthecontrolof..;underthechargeof...重點(diǎn)突破考生在日常學(xué)習(xí)中要注意介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞及形容詞等的常見搭配，同時(shí)結(jié)合特定語境，準(zhǔn)確解答。備考時(shí)還應(yīng)注意常用介詞在不同情景、不同場(chǎng)合中的使用，牢記與該介詞相關(guān)的搭配和介詞短語的意思。1.Hopefully,thenewmethodwillbeeffective,helpingstudentstogettheircareerplans________．A.athand B.atwill C.ontrial D.ontrack2.Ihopethatwewillbeabletomakeitthroughthetoughtimesandbacktothebusinessofworkingtogether________ourcommongoals.A.onbehalfof B.inhonorof C.ontopof D.insearchof3.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents._______，weexpectstudentstoworkhard.A.Onaverage B.Atbest C.Inreturn D.Afterall4.Allofusarepuzzledaboutthesuddenchangesandobviously,wehavetoreconsiderourschedule________allofthem.A.inpreferenceto B.inconsequenceofC.inlightof D.inadvanceof5.Moststudentsthinkphysicssortofchallengingforthem;________，theytendtooptoutandturntoothersubjects.A.inparticular B.assuch C.forinstance D.inaddition6.Whetherthepolicymatcheswithtechnicalprogressdeterminestheinnovationspeedandcompetitivenessoftheindustry________．A.toacertainextent B.inturn C.asawhole D.atlength7.Havingbeentreatedinthehospitalforaslongassixmonths,themaninjuredinthecarcrashisnoweventuallyback________hisfeet.A.at B.in C.on D.to8.Therelevantdetailsaretobeleftforyoutodecide,butwewishtoinsurethegoods________allrisksasthey'reveryrareandexpensive.A.within B.except C.beneath D.against9.It'scertainthatweare________tohavingacleanandbeautifulhomeinthefuturebecausesomespecialprojectsare________toprotecttheenvironment.A.underway;ontheway B.intheway;onthewayC.ontheway;bytheway D.ontheway;underway10.Theflatisgoodvalueformoneybecausenotonlydidtheysellittomeatacheapprice,buttheythrewinsomeoldfurniture________．A.attheircommand B.forgoodmeasureC.beyondmyreach D.beneaththeirdignity11.WhenshefirstarrivedinChina,shewonderedwhatthefuturemighthave________forher,butnowallworriesaregone.A.instore B.intime C.inneed D.inpreparation12.Whenoneisangry,heseldomseesthings________；thewrongsdonetohimseemmuchworsethantheyare.A.inoperation B.inproportion C.indetail D.insight13.Cindyrevealednothingtoherfather,becausesheknewhewasnotnecessarily________whatshewasdoing.A.insympathywith B.intouchwith C.inparallelwith D.inlinewith14.Thegovernmentmustbalanceourliberty________thesecurityofthenation.A.for B.to C.against D.in15.Wehavealreadydiscussedthisplan________，sonextweshouldsparenoefforttocarryitout.A.atlength B.atrandom C.atease D.atbest課后訓(xùn)練語法專項(xiàng)突破四介詞和介詞短語1.Iamalwaysdelightedtoreceiveyourletters.________beingshort,theybringmuchreliefwhenIknowthatyouaresafe.A.Intermsof B.Withregardto C.Onaccountof D.Inspiteof2.Thesteamboatwasfullyfurnishedwithlifepreservers.Thepassengersmightbesaved________accidents.A.inspiteof B.insteadof C.incaseof D.inplaceof3.Duringthenegotiationtofollow,itcanbearguedthatsharesofforeigncompaniesareovervalued________thereturntheyoffer.A.intermsof B.inmemoryof C.infavorof D.inchargeof4.Womenaremorelikelytosufferfromdepressionandanxietydisorders________stresscomparedtomen.A.inrespectto B.inresponseto C.inpreferenceto D.inproportionto5.Repairsofhistoricbuildingshavetobe________theoriginalstructure.A.insympathywithB.insearchof C.inresponseto D.incontrastto6.Menwhostayfitcanlowertheirriskofdyingfromaheartconditionby30%ascomparedwiththosewhoare________．A.outoforder B.outofplace C.outofshape D.outofcontrol7.Accordingtothespecification,________acrash,theseaddedsafetyfeaturesmaybelifesavers.A.intheeventof B.inviewof C.onaccountof D.ontheedgeof8.Thecorporationurgentlyrecalledtheirproductsfromthemarket________growingcomplaintsabouttheengines.A.inthelightof B.atthemercyof C.intheeventof D.inadvanceof9.MaybesomeofyouarecuriousaboutwhatmylifewaslikeonthestreetsbecauseI'veneverreallytalkedaboutit________．A.inplace B.inturn C.inforce D.indepth10.Thestudyofnaturalhistoryisnotsomethingtobelefttobiologists.Infact,theircapacity________thetimetheycanspendawayfromtheirofficesisverylimited.A.intermsof B.insearchof C.inviewof D.inspiteof11.Transportwasconsideredtohavecontributedtoenvironmentalproblems,particularly________airqualityandnoiseimpacts.A.withregardto B.incontrastto C.bymeansof D.onaccountof12.—What'sthemainreasonforchoosingonerestaurant________another?—Justtheservice.A.against B.beyond C.over D.after13.________thefactthatyourpaymentmissesthedeadline,you'llhavetopayafineaccordingtothecontract.A.Inpossessionof B.Inspiteof C.Incaseof D.Inviewof14.—Whynottalkwithyourparentsaboutyourwillingnesstoattend2020PekingUniversitySummerCamp?—Itried________togetthemtolistentome.A.intime B.invain C.inneed D.incase15.________makingdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththecomputerbecauseinthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn'trequiresuchanabilityofthehumanbrain.A.Onbehalfof B.Incontrastto C.Insaluteto D.Intermsof16.Aftershebecameill,Ifelt________withher—shewascheerywhileIfeltgloomy.A.outoftune B.outofbreath C.outofcuriosity D.outofmind17.Infightingwithenemies,theeconomydroppedgreatly,_____，manyliveswereclaimed.A.ontopofthat B.incontrast C.foranotherthing D.aboveall18.—Whydoeshealwayslookunhappy?He'sverysuccessfulineveryaspect.—Itiswrongtotrytojudgehappiness________worldlysuccess.A.intermsof B.inhonorof C.incaseof D.inspiteof19.Scienceinvolvesimaginationandcreativethinkingsoastoestablishscientifictheories.________，Einsteinisoneofthemostoutstandingscientists.A.Inthiscase B.Bythismeans C.WiththismethodD.Inthisregard20.Withoutwarningafewmonthsago,mygrandfatherendedupinhospital________bloodpressureissues.A.by B.with C.in D.at21.________theheavyrain,thousandsoffirefightersfromacrossthecountry,alongwithwaterpumps,havebeenarrivingtorescuepeopletrappedintheflood.A.InresponsetoB.Inreplyto C.Inconflictwith D.Inparallelwith22.Itwaswarmandnicethatevening.Istayedawake________untileleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.A.onaverage B.onpurpose C.onbusiness D.ontime23.Manygraduatesaren'tpreparedforwhatthefuturehas__whentheycomeoutofschool.A.indemand B.atease C.atlength D.instore24.—Canyouputme________abouttheWorldCupFootballMatch?—Sorry.Imyselfknownothingaboutit.A.intheair B.onthemove C.inthepicture D.onthespot25.ThisisallIknowaboutit;____theresultsofthecompetition,takealookatourwebsite.A.asfor B.butfor C.exceptfor D.notfor26.Theproposalheputforwardatthemeetingwasrejected________amorecautiousone.A.incaseof B.inviewof C.infavorof D.inplaceof27.Bodymassindex(BMI)isameasureofbodyfatbasedonyourweight_____yourheight.A.inrelationto B.inresponseto C.inreferenceto D.incontrastto28.Modernzoosshouldshouldermoresocialresponsibility________socialprogressandawarenessofthepublic.A.inlightof B.infavorof C.inhonorof D.inpraiseof29.Tom'smo