成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：高分語(yǔ)法(2)Hisfinancialaidmakesthistrippossible.2.make+possible+名詞(名詞短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí))HisfinancialaidmakespossiblethepoorChinesestudent’senteringoftheworldfamousuniversity.3.makeitpossible(forsb.)todo(見(jiàn)形式賓語(yǔ)部分)Thefather’shardlabormakesitpossibleforthesontoreceivebettereducation.定語(yǔ)從句可分為限定性和非限定性兩種，其主要區(qū)別為：1.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間需用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。2.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞一般不用that，在修飾人時(shí)用who,whom,whoseHehadthreechildren,allofwhomhadgraduatedfromcollege.在修飾物時(shí)用which部分狀語(yǔ)從句可以省略，在填空題中時(shí)有出現(xiàn)如：Althoughdefeated,hedidnotloseheart.(從句中省略了hewas)IfinFORMedtimely,Iwouldn’thavemissedthemeeting.(從句中Iwere)注意:當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是for+一段時(shí)間(已經(jīng)有…時(shí)間了),和since+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(自從…以來(lái))的時(shí)候,句中的謂語(yǔ)不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(暫短性動(dòng)詞),如不能說(shuō):Ihaveborrowedthebookfortendays.(錯(cuò)誤:borrow這個(gè)動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在圖書(shū)出納臺(tái)上的一次性動(dòng)作,不能延續(xù),因此不能和for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用)應(yīng)改為:Ihavekeptthebookfortendays.這樣的暫短性動(dòng)詞還有:buy/sell,break,die,graduate,drop等倒裝倒裝句就是將正常的陳述語(yǔ)序加以變化，主要作用是強(qiáng)調(diào)被提前的部分倒裝句可分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝兩種：一、全部倒裝謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前至主語(yǔ)之前為全部倒裝，如：Outcamehisguest.Onthehillstoodalittlecottagethatcontainedheapsofhay.Therelivedanelderlyladywhosehusbanddiedlongago.二、部分倒裝助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提至主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞位置不變，即為部分倒裝，Neithercouldheseethroughyourplan.SolittledidIknowabouthimthatIwaseasilytakeninbyhiswords.Doesn’therinvitationappealtoyou?第一節(jié)否定詞提前倒裝否定詞用于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行部分倒裝否定詞常用的有：Notonly…(butalso),Notuntil(直到…..才),NoNever/Rarely/SeldomHardly/Scarcely…(when)Few/LittleNeither/Nor(也不)NwhereAtnotimeUndernocircumstances(決不)Onnoaccount(決不)Innoway其中notonly,nosooner,hardly,scarcely分別和but(also),than,when搭配使用，需注意：后一組詞之后的部分不進(jìn)行倒裝，只有否定詞之后的部分倒裝如：HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.Notonlywasheabletoenterthefinalroundofthecontest,buthecameoutfirstaswell.NosoonerhadIgotanychancetospeakthantheclerkslammedthedoorinmyface.Seldomdoeshetravelabout.Undernocircumstancesshouldyoubetrayyourowncountry.此類倒裝句一般出現(xiàn)在填空題中，需填入的是倒裝部分，只要在句首見(jiàn)到上述的詞，就應(yīng)條件反射的想到用倒裝句第二節(jié)介詞、分詞詞組提前倒裝當(dāng)句子沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)偏長(zhǎng)時(shí)，往往將句中作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)或作表語(yǔ)的形容詞短語(yǔ)或作表語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)提至句首，引起主謂的全部倒裝如：Inthemiddleoftheriverfloatedtheclusterofplantsthatshehadcast.Characteristicofananarchistwasherstrongoppositiontothegovernment,whichshehadblamedforallthesocialinjustices.Lyingonthegrasslandisaprettygirlinherearlytwenties.第三節(jié)副詞提前倒裝副詞提至句首引起倒裝，可分以下幾種情況：1.only+副詞(when,before,if,after等)或only+介詞狀語(yǔ)(由in,under,by,on,after等引導(dǎo))提前，必須部分倒裝如：Onlythendidherealizehowstupidhehadbeen.OnlyafterenteringthestoredidArthurrealizethattherewasdanger.Onlyinthelibrarycansheconcentrateonherstudy.2.often,such,so等副詞提前，部分倒裝如:Sodiligentlydidheworkthathegothightscoresonthefinalexam.=Heworkedsodiligentlythathegothightscoresonthefinalexam.Suchwashiswishthattheworldwouldstayawayfromwarforever.Oftendidwegoonaholidayinhotsummer.注意，so的另一種倒裝是表示“也…”Californiareliesheavilyonincomefromcrops,andsodoesFlorida.加利福尼亞過(guò)多的依賴于來(lái)自農(nóng)作物的收入，佛羅里達(dá)也是這樣同理，體會(huì)一下neither,nor的倒裝Hecan’tdance,neither/norcanI.=Ican’t,either.他不會(huì)跳舞，我也不會(huì)。3.in,out,down,up,away,off,here,there,over等副詞提前，全部倒裝如：Offgotthestaggeringgentlemen.HerearethephotosItookattheseaside.第四節(jié)疑問(wèn)倒裝疑問(wèn)句需部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，由于經(jīng)常用到不會(huì)成為考試的難點(diǎn)。如：WhatpartdidheplayinHamlet?Doyoupreferteaorcoffee?by可視為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞，by之后的名詞短語(yǔ)是句中動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者;在題干中若見(jiàn)到by+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)要優(yōu)先考慮用被動(dòng)式如:ThewallispaintedbyTom.ThebookwaswrittenbyMarkTwain.注意1：by之后如果接的是動(dòng)名詞，則表示方式、手段，不能視為被動(dòng)式的標(biāo)志，且此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用主動(dòng)式，如：Hepassedtheexambycheating.knowntobeknowby中it作形式主語(yǔ)可以替代任何被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分基本模式：It+be+強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象+who/whom/that+句子其余部分如：Itwasonlyyouwhocaredforme.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))Itishissisterwhom/thatIhavefalleninlovewith.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))Itwasunderthetreethatshefoundhermissingpurse.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))ItwaslastweekthatIattendedanartexhibitforthefirsttime.(強(qiáng)狀語(yǔ))ItwasnotuntilhebrokemyfavoritevasethatIflewintorages.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)從句)注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象是人時(shí)，可用who,whom或that,其余情況一律用that;當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who/that,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom/that.虛擬語(yǔ)氣此章內(nèi)容在TOEFL考點(diǎn)中處于相對(duì)次要地位，但在英文中是比較活躍的用法，必須對(duì)其有所了解,這樣對(duì)讀題非常有幫助虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英文中一特殊的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，主要用于表達(dá)與事實(shí)相反的陳述，常表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈愿望、遺憾、感慨、后悔、責(zé)備、規(guī)勸等語(yǔ)義，可大