111TPO小 TPO30-R-Role yinQ1Q1Accordingtoparagraph1,whyis difficultto ymustbedefinedwithconcepts,not

yiseasiertodefinewithexamplesthanwithconcepts.Inanycase,inanimalsitconsistsoflea ,running,climbing,throwing,wrestling,and

樣的behavior會同時發(fā)生在 y和其 y的情況中。所以B正

behavioroftenlookslike

othermovements,eitheralong,

確。A與原文第一

objects,orwithother

有提到。D

oftenoccursinthepresence

Dependingonthe y animalsthatare yoccursindependentlyofananimal’sParagraph1ismarkedwithanQ2Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingpresentsaparticularchallengetoresearcherswhostudy ybehaviorin

beprimarilyforsocialin exercise,orexploration.Oneoftheproblemsinprovidingacleardefinitionof yisthatitinvolvesthesamebehaviorsthattake ceinothercircumstance--dominance,predation,competition,andrealfighting.Thus,whether yoccursornotdependsontheintentionoftheanimals,andtheintentionsarenotalwaysclearfrombehaviorsalone.yappearstobeadevelopmentalcharacteristicofanimalswithfairly

[微軟用戶2]:正確答案A?？?/p>

delaybetweenactivitiesand

sophisticatednervoussystems,

benefitstheanimalderivesfromThedifficultyindeterminingwhichanimalspeciesyandwhichdonot.Thefactthatformostanimals,thereisnocleartransitionfromyouthtofullThelackofresearchontheybehaviorofanimalsotherthancanidandprimates.Paragraph2ismarkedwithan

birdsand yhasstudiedmostextensivelyinprimatesandcanids(dogs).Exactlywhyanimalsyisstillamatterdebatedintheresearchli ture,andthereasonsmaynotbethesameforeveryspecies ys.Determiningthefunctions yisdifficultbecausethefunctionsmaybelong-term,withbeneficialeffectsnotshowingupuntiltheanimal’sadulthood.

debating，后challenge。Because后面出現(xiàn)了原因，說這些function是長期的，其beneficial跟A選項吻痕。B、C選項原文沒提到。D選項也和問題無關(guān)。TPO小 Q3Theword”considerable”inthepassageisclosestinthemeaningtofollowingfollowingisacosttoanimalsthatengage Accordingtoparagraph3,eachofyexposuretoabuildupoffatalossoffuelthatcouldbeusedforriskofinjuryfrom orQ5Whydoestheauthorincludethecomment“thoughtheywerefedthesamediets”?ToshowwhyratslivinginimpoverishedenvironmentsneedlessfoodthanthoselivinginenrichedenvironmentsToeliminatethepossibilitythatdifferencesindietwereresponsiblyforobserveddifferencesinbrainweightToemphasizethepointthatratswerefedonlytheamountoffoodneededtokeepthemaliveTosuggestthatratsfedthesamediethavesmallerbrainsthanthosefedavariedfoodQ6Paragraph4supportswhichof

yisnotwithoutconsiderablecoststotheindividualanimal. yisusuallyveryactive,involvingmovementinspaceand,attimes,noisemaking.Therefore,itresultsinthelossoffuelorenergythatmightbetterbeusedforgrowthorforbuildingupfatstoresinayounganimal.Anotherpotentialcostofthisactivityisgreaterexposuretopredatorssince yisattention-gettingbehavior.Greatactivitiesalsoincreasetheriskofinjuryinsliporfalling.Thebenefitsof ymustoutweighcosts,or ywouldnothaveevolved,accordingtoDarwin’stheory.Someofthepotentialbenefitsrelatedirectlytothehealthydevelopmentofthebrainandnervoussystem.Inoneresearchstudy,twogroupsofyoungratswereraisedunderdifferentconditions.Onegroupdevelopedinan“enriched”environment,whichallowedtheratstoin ctwithotherrats, ywithtoys,andreceivemazetraining.Theothergrouplivedinan“impoverished”environmentinindividualcagesinadimlylitroomwithlittlestimulation.Attheendof

[微軟用戶3]:正確答案：D。選項A是最初的，B是實用的，C是以D符合，另外后文提到了各種cost和[微軟用戶4]:正確答案：B.從Therefore開始后面的都是potential去了fatstore的機會，而不是因為ybuildup了。所以B里提到的試驗的結(jié)果。前面從inoneresearchofstudy開始描述這個試驗，提到了兩個對比組，underdifferent是控制變量的試驗，所以答案選B根據(jù)上文，環(huán)境越復(fù)雜 批注[微軟用戶6]:正確答案A。原文中從otherstudies開始有描述了另外的觀點。說greaterstimulation不僅stimulation是由根據(jù)上文，環(huán)境越復(fù)雜 stimulation就越多，導(dǎo)A選項符合這個觀點。BCD都沒提followingstatementsaboutananimal’s theexperiments,theresults TPO小 Theheavierthebrain,therichertheenvironmentinwhichtheanimalwasTheyoungertheanimal,theharderitistodevelopnewconnectionsbetweennerveThelargerthecageinwhichananimaliskept,thebehaviortheanimal’sbrainwillThelargerananimal’scerebellum,thelargerwillbetheanimal’snervecells.Paragraph4ismarkedwithanQ7Q7Accordingtoparagraph5,whymight behaviorofpreyspeciesbedifferentfromthoseofpredatorspecies?Unlikepredatorspecies,preyspeciesuseytopreventinappropriatebehaviors,suchasSomepreyspeciesarephysicallyincapableofcertaintypesofpredatormovements.Thesurvivalofeachspeciestypeislinkedtoparticularsetsofmuscularmovements.PredatorspecieshavemoreopportunitiestopracticeybehaviorsthanpreyParagraph5ismarkedwithanQ8Theword“comparative”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoQ9Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

thattheactualweightofthebrainsoftheimpoverishedratswaslessthanthatofthoseraisedintheenrichedenvironment(thoughtheywerefedthesamediets).Otherstudieshaveshownthatgreaterstimulationnotonlyaffectsthesizeofthebrainbutalsoincreasethenumberofconnectionsbetweenthenervecells.Thus,active ymayprovidenecessarystimulationtothegrowthofsynapticconnectionsinthebrain,especiallythecerebellum,whichisresponsibleformotorfunctioningandyalsostimulatesthedevelopmentofthemuscletissuesthemselvesandmayprovidetheopportunitiestopracticethosemovementsneededforsurvival.Preyspecies,likeyoungdeerorgoats,forexample,typically ybyperformingsuddenflightmovementsandturns,whereaspredatorspecies,suchascats,practicestalking,pouncing,andyallowsayounganimaltoexploreitsenvironmentandpracticeskillincomparativesafetysincethesurroundingadultsgenerallydonotexpecttheyoungtodealwiththreatsorpredators. ycanalsoprovidepracticeinsocialbehaviorsneededforcourtshipandmating.Learning

批注[微軟用戶7]:正確答案C。這道 在于neededforsurvival。因為preyspecies和predatorspecies對于survival的要求不同，所以導(dǎo)致 ybehavior也不同所以選C。A，B，D原 [微軟用戶8]:正確答案A。相對的；B是暫時的；C是充足的；[微軟用戶9]:正確答案C。這道題中的原句主干是learningsocialbehaviorisimportant，特別是對于群monkey做例證。A選項只提到了monkeys要控制自己才能融入群體，但沒提到才能融入群體，但沒提到 分B選項說自私 的動物學(xué)socialbehavior，這就把其他動物正確，不僅提到了monkey也說到了其他的socialanimals（whichmeansspeciesthatliveingroups）為了融入群體要學(xué)socialbehavior。D是錯誤giveandtake…與原文矛TPO小 liveinliveingroups,likeyoungmonkeysespeciallyimportantandspeciesappropriatesocialbehaviorsneededtolearntocontrol neededtolearntocontrolmonkeysliveingroupsinordertopracticeappropriatesocialbehaviors.MonkeysandothersocialanimalsneedtolearnbehaviorsappropriatefortheirsocialSomemonkeysarenaturallytooselfishandaggressivetounderstandthegive-and-takeofsocialgroups,sothey

andandaggressionandtounderstandgive-and-takegive-and-takeinvolvedinTheyneedtolearnhowtobedominantandsubmissivebecauseeachmonkeymighthaveto yeitherroleinthefuture.Mostofthesethingsarelearnedinthelongdevelopmentalperiodsthatprimateshave,during

suchimportantbehaviors

whichtheyengageincountless experienceswiththeirpeers.Q10Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph6abouttheroleofadultsinyactivitiesoftheyoung?Adultshelptheiryounglearnto dominantwithinthesocialgroup.

[微軟用戶10]正確答案：C。根young&adult定位到第六段第一YounganimalslearnhowtoyfromadultswithintheirsocialAdultsallowtheyoungtoengageinybehaviorswithinaprotected,safeThelongdevelopmentalperiodofsomeanimalsallowsadultsmoretimetoteachtheiryounghowtodealwiththethreatsofParagraph6ismarkedwithanQ11Theword“potentially”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto Q12Accordingtoparagraph7,howdosomeanimalsensurethatotheranimalsunderstand

Thereisadanger,ofcourse,thatymaybemisinterpretedornotrecognizedas ybyothers,potentiallyleadingtoaggression.Thisisespeciallytruewhen yconsistsof

到答案C正確。A原文沒有說讓young去學(xué)怎么dominant，B原文雖然提到socialgroup但沒提到是從adults身上學(xué)習(xí)。D原文完全沒有相批注[微軟用戶11]:正確答案：B。potentially潛在地。A市 B是可能地；C是不幸地；D是快速地。前半句中有Maybe，表達了一[微軟用戶12]:正確答案D之間會誤以為是真的aggression，中間出現(xiàn)了thus證明后面會說解決的clearsignals去表 thattheyarejust practicingnormalaggressive 是TPO小 yingonlywithanimalswhoarenotByavoidinganyaspectsofthe behaviorthataredangerous non-predatorybehaviorsByusingasetofsignalsthatoccursonlyinParagraph7ismarkedwithanQ13Q13Lookatthefoursquares【■】that

predatorbehaviors.Thus,manyspecieshaveevolvedclearsignalsto yfulness.Dogs,forexample,willwagtheirtails,getdowntheirfrontlegs,andsticktheirbehindsintheairtoindicate“whatfollowsisjustfor wherewherethefollowingsentencecouldbetototheWithmessagessuchasthose,evendogsthatarestrangerstoeachothercanbeyingwithinafewWherewouldthesentencebestfit?Clickonasquaretoaddthesentencetothepassage.Q14Directions:Anintroductorysentenceforbriefsummaryofthepassageisbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpresstheimportantideasinthepassage.sentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.

Thereisadanger,ofcourse,that maybemisinterpretedornotrecognizedas ybyothers,potentiallyleadingtoaggression.Thisisespeciallytruewhen consistsofpracticingnormalaggressiveorpredatorbehaviors.■Thus,manyspecieshaveevolvedclearsignalstodelineate Dogs,forexample,willwagtheirtails,getdowntheirfrontlegs,andsticktheirbehindsintheairtoindicate“whatfollowsisjust

[微軟用戶13]正確答案D。要插入的句子開頭為Withmessagesuchasthose，那么說明前面肯定會messages，后面又說evenDragyouranswerchoicestothespaceswheretheybelong.Toremoveananswerchoice,clickonit.Toreviewthepassage,clickVIEWNEXT.yappearstobeadevelopmentalcharacteristicofanimalswithfairlyTPO小 sophisticatednervoussystems,mainlybirdsandm AlthoughAlthough yoftenresembles researchersdonotagreeonthereasonsandfunctionsof Althoughmanyanimalsdevelopphysicallyfromy,toomanyyounganimals vic