Section_ⅢGrammar—_條件狀語(yǔ)從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)①Ifyousaytheword“communication”，mostpeoplethinkofwordsandsentences.②Incasethereisafire,whatwillyoudofirst?③Youwon'tarrivethereontimeunlessyoutakeaplane.④Evenifyouwerebusy,youshouldtakecareofyourfamily.⑤Cleverasheis,hedoesn'tmakegreateffortsinhislesson.⑥HowevermuchItried,Icouldn'tworkthequestionout.⑦Hekeepstakingphysicaltraininginwinternomatterhowcolditis.⑧Although/Thoughsheworksveryhard,yet(still)shemakesveryslowprogress.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)①②③句中，黑體部分引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；④⑤⑥⑦⑧句中，黑體部分引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。(2)由③句可知，在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。(3)⑧句中although/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句不與but連用，但可以與yet或still連用。(4)由⑤句可知，as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句且置于句首時(shí)，從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序。(5)⑥⑦句中，however和nomatterhow都引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，兩者可以換用。一、條件狀語(yǔ)從句1．條件狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞/短語(yǔ)有：if(假設(shè)，如果),unless(除非),so/aslongas(只要),suppose/supposing(that)(倘若，假設(shè));onlyif(只有……才),provided/providing(that)(如果),onconditionthat(條件是),incase(如果，萬(wàn)一),when(如果；既然，考慮到)。IfTompassestheexamination,hisfatherisgoingtobuyhimabicycle.如果湯姆考試及格，他父親將會(huì)給他買一輛自行車。YoumaywatchTVaslongasyoufinishyourhomework.只要你做完作業(yè)，你就可以看電視。Suppose/Supposingtheplanedoesnotarriveontime,whatshallIdo?假定飛機(jī)不能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到，我該怎么辦？Howcantheylearnanythingwhentheyspendalltheirsparetimewatchingtelevision?既然他們把所有空閑的時(shí)間都用來(lái)看電視了，還能學(xué)到什么東西呢？Onlyifyoutakeanactivepartinphysicalactivitywillyoubeabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.只有積極參加體育鍛煉，你才能保持身體健康。Unlessoneisfullyprepared,outdoorsportscansometimesmeaninjuries.要是沒有充分準(zhǔn)備的話，戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)意味著受傷。2．主將從現(xiàn)條件狀語(yǔ)從句如果表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Iwon'twaitforhimunlesshecallsme.除非他給我打電話，否則我不會(huì)等他。[即時(shí)演練1](1)完成句子①(2015·北京高考改編)Youwon'tfindpapercuttingdifficultas_long_as_you_keep_practicing_it(只要你不斷地練習(xí))．②(2015·北京高考改編)Once_the_damage_is_done(一旦被毀壞),itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.③(2014·湖南高考改編)Youwillnevergainsuccessunless_you_are_fully_devoted_to_your_work(除非你全身心地投入到工作中去)．④(2014·四川高考改編)I'llbeoutforsometime.In_case_anything_important_happens(萬(wàn)一發(fā)生了什么重要的事情),callmeupimmediately.(2)單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2015·江蘇高考改編)Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutsideunlessfullycoveredinthickclothes.②(2015·陜西高考改編)Ibelieveyouwillhaveawonderfultimehereonceyougettoknoweveryoneelse.③Itoldhimhewouldsucceedonlyifhetriedhard.④I'llletyouhavethebookonconditionthatyoureturnittomenextweek.⑤(2014·大綱卷改編)Unlesssomeextramoneyis_found(find),thetheatrewillclose.3．狀語(yǔ)從句的省略在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致或從句主語(yǔ)是it，且從句的謂語(yǔ)部分含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以將從句中的主語(yǔ)與be動(dòng)詞一起省略。Ifexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday,youngpeoplemayriskgoingdeaf.如果年輕人每天都處于嘈雜的音樂的影響中，他們很可能有變聾的危險(xiǎn)。If(itis)possible,thismachinecanbechangedforanewone.如果可能的話，這臺(tái)機(jī)器會(huì)換成一臺(tái)新的。While(shewas)listeningtotheradio,shefellasleep.她在聽收音機(jī)時(shí)睡著了。4．祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句“祈使句＋and/or/orelse/otherwise＋陳述句”句型中，祈使句在意義上實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Givemeallyourmoney,andI'llletyougo.＝Ifyougivemeallyourmoney,Iwillletyougo.給我你所有的錢，我就放你走。Runfast,oryou'llbelateforschool.＝Ifyoudon'trunfast,you'llbelateforschool.快點(diǎn)跑，要不然你就上學(xué)遲到了。[即時(shí)演練2](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2015·湖南高考改編)Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleft(leave)inthewronghands.②Hewon'tgothereunlessinvited(invite)．③Hepickedupawalletwhilewalking(walk)home.④Hurryuporwewillbelate.(2)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceedinyourstudies.＝Work_harder_andyouwillsucceedinyourstudies.②Ifyoudon'tbecareful,youwillfallintothewater.＝Becareful,or/or_else/otherwiseyouwillfallintothewater.二、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常由以下從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：though/although(盡管，雖然),as,evenif/eventhough(即使),疑問詞-ever/nomatter＋疑問詞(不管，無(wú)論)等。1．though,although;evenif,eventhough“雖然，盡管”though,although這兩者意思大致相同，一般可互換，都可與yet,still,nevertheless連用，但不能與but連用。Althoughthejobtakesasignificantamountoftime,moststudentsagreethattheexperienceisworthit.(2015·湖南高考)雖然這份工作要花大量的時(shí)間，但大多數(shù)學(xué)生都同意這次經(jīng)歷是值得的。Eventhoughtheforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.(盡管森林公園很遠(yuǎn)，每年仍有很多游客前去游覽。2．a(chǎn)s,though“雖然……但是，盡管”as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形，though有時(shí)也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。Tiredas/thoughhewas,hecontinuedworkinginthefield.＝Though/Althoughhewastired,hecontinuedworkinginthefield.盡管他很累，他還繼續(xù)在田里工作。3．whether...or...表示“不論是否；不管是……還是……”之意。Ihavedecidedtotakethejoboffer,whetheritisgoodorbad.無(wú)論好壞，我已經(jīng)決定接受這份工作邀請(qǐng)。4．“nomatter＋疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”的含義為“不管……都……”，它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以互換。However/Nomatterhowhardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.無(wú)論你多么努力，如果不減少飲食，那么減肥是很難做到的。Whichever/Nomatterwhichcountryyoutravelto,youshouldobeythelawoftheland.不論你到哪個(gè)國(guó)家去旅行，你都得應(yīng)該遵守這個(gè)國(guó)家的法律。Nomatterwhat/WhateverIdo,Iwilltrymybesttodoitwell.無(wú)論我做什么，我都會(huì)盡力做好。[名師點(diǎn)津]“nomatter＋疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。Whatever(＝Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.(whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)I'lleatwhatever(≠nomatterwhat)yougiveme.(whatever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)5．有時(shí)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但一般要位于句首。Whilesomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.(2016·江蘇高考改編)盡管有人被成功的需求所激勵(lì)，但也有人被失敗的恐懼所激發(fā)。Whilethestudentscamefromdifferentcountries,theygotalongquitewellinthesummercamp.(2015·福建高考改編)盡管學(xué)生們來(lái)自不同的國(guó)家，但他們?cè)谙牧顮I(yíng)相處得非常好。[即時(shí)演練3](1)完成句子①(2016·浙江高考改編)While_online_shopping_has_changed_our_life(雖然網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物改變了我們的生活),notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.②(2016·北京高考改編)Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,even_though_he's_in_his_nineties(盡管我爺爺已經(jīng)九十多歲了)．③Young_as/though_she_is(盡管年輕),shehastravelledtomanycountriestoputonshows.(as倒裝)④Whichever/No_matter_which_road_you_take(無(wú)論你走哪一條路),itwillleadyoutothestation.⑤You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhether_you're_free_or_busy(不管你有空沒空)．⑥(2015·安徽高考改編)Though_scientists_have_learned_a_lot_about_the_universe(盡管科學(xué)家對(duì)宇宙已經(jīng)了解了很多),thereismuchwestilldon'tknow.(2)單句改錯(cuò)①Althoughmyuncleisold,buthelooksverystrongandhealthy.去掉but②Childalthoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.although→as/thoughⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Hewillnotleaveunlessitisfinetomorrow.2．Ifyouringthedoorbellwhenvisitingourhome,youwill_be_greeted(greet)byourdog.3．Everytimehecomes(come)tovisitme,hewillbuymesomebooks.4．Workhardandyouwillsucceedsoonerorlater.5．Assuming(assume)thatwecan'tgetthenecessaryequipment,wewillhavetogiveuptheexperiment.6．Nomatterwhichdictionaryyouwanttobuy,I'llpayforit.7．Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhencomparedtosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.8．Therearesomanycarsthatyoushouldbecarefulwhilecrossing(cross)theroad.9．Whetheritisrightorwrong,hisopinionshouldbepaidattentionto.10．(2014·江蘇高考改編)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,though/althoughhistorycannotbechanged.Ⅱ.單句寫作1．(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))If_you_are_able_to_come_with_us,_pleaseletusknowandwe'llwaitforyouattheschoolgateat9如果你能和我們一起去，請(qǐng)告訴我們，我們會(huì)早上9點(diǎn)在校門口等你。2．(2015·天津高考滿分作文)If_you_come_to_our_school,_youarelikelytomeetsomedifficultproblemsinyourlife.如果你來(lái)我們學(xué)校，你可能會(huì)在生活當(dāng)中遇到一些困難。3．(2014·四川高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)Though_some_of_the_questions_seem_unfamiliar_to_me,_theyareeasytoanswer.雖然這些問題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)看起來(lái)不是很熟悉，但是他們很容易回答。4．(2014·重慶高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)However_far_away_we_are,_wefeelclosetoeachother.不論我們相隔有多遠(yuǎn)，我們彼此都感到很近。5．(2014·湖南高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)If_you_stop_walking,_themicro-fancanworkimmediatelytodryyourfee