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LｅanSｉgｍａＧlossaｒy/Abbrｅviａt(yī)ionLiｓt

Acｒonym

Ｄefiｎition

Dｅｓcｒiｐtion

Alpha

TheｍaximｕｍrisｋorproｂａbｉlｉtｙofmａkingaTypeIＥrｒoｒ．Thiｓｐｒoｂabilityisａlwａyｓｇreaｔeｒｔｈanzｅroaｎdiｓuｓuallyｅstablishｅdａｔ5％.Thｅrｅsearcｈermａkesthedeｃiｓｉｏnｓtoｔhegreａt(yī)ｅstlevelofｒiskｔｈatiｓaｃｃepｔaｂｌeｆorarｅjｅctionｏfＨｏ.

Bｅｔａ

ＴｈｅｒiｓｋｏｒprobabiｌiｔyofmaｋｉngaTyｐeＩIError，oｒｏverlｏoｋinganeffectｉｖetｒeａt(yī)ｍeｎtoｒsoｌｕtiｏntｏｔhｅproblｅｍ.

Populatｉoｎmeａｎ

Sｙmboｌusｅdtｏｄescribethｅａveragｅforanｅｎtirｅpｏpuｌaｔion

Poｐｕｌationｓｔandarddeviation

Ｓyｍｂolｕsedfｏrstandaｒddevｉaｔionofｅｎtirepoｐuｌatiｏｎ。Measｕｒeofthesｐreaｄofthepｒocｅｓs（widtｈoｆtｈｅdistribution).

%R&R

Gage％RepｅatabiｌｉtyandReproｄｕciｂility

AddresｓeswhaｔｐerceｎｔｏftheＴotaｌVａｒiatiｏnisｔakenuｐｂymeａsuremeｎterroｒ.

AｆfinｉtyDiaｇram

Amaｎａgemenｔtｏoｌｔhａt(yī)ａssｉｓｔsｗitｈgeneralplａnｎｉng。Itmakeｓdｉsｐarａt(yī)elanｇuaｇeinformａt(yī)ionundeｒstaｎdabｌeｂyｐｌａciｎgitonｃardsanｄgroupiｎgthｅｃａrdstogeｔheriｎacrｅatｉveｍanｎer。"Hｅadｅr＂cａｒdsareｕsｅｄtosummａrizeｅａchgroup。

ANOVＡ

AnaｌysｉｓofVaｒiancｅ

Hyｐothesistestｕｓｅｄtoaｎａlｙzetｈｅdifferｅｎceiｎmｅａnｓｂetｗeｅｎtwｏorｍoｒeｓａmpｌeｓ。

Assessｍenｔ

Asｙsｔeｍatiｃprocｅssoｆｃollectｉnｇandanａlｙｚingdatatodeterminethｅcurｒent，hｉｓtoｒicalｏrprojectedstatusofａnｏrganizａt(yī)ion.

ＡssiｇnableCauｓe

Ｔhｅnameｆoｒtheｓourcｅofvaｒiaｔｉoninａprｏceｓstｈatisnｏｔｄuetoｃｈanceaｎdtheｒeforecanbｅｉdeｎｔifiedandｅｌimiｎａt(yī)ｅd。

Aｕdｉt

＂Tｈeinsｐectｉonaｎdexａminａt(yī)ionofapｒoceｓsｏrqｕalityｓｙｓtｅmtoensurecompｌｉａｎcetorequirｅｍｅnts。Audiｔcaｎａｐｐlｙtｏaneｎtireoｒganizａt(yī)ioｎoｒｂeｓpecｉfictoafｕnctｉｏnorpｒoｄｕｃtionstep。"（Ｄr.JｏseｐhＭ.Ｊuran)

BａseliｎeMｅａsuremｅnt

Abegiｎｎｉngｐoiｎｔbasedonａnevalｕatiｏnoftｈｅｏｕｔputoｖerapeｒioｄoftimeｔodeteｒmiｎehowｔheｐrｏcｅｓsｐｅrformsprioｒtoanyimprovementeffort．

Benchmaｒking

Tｈepｒocｅssoffｉndiｎgandａdapｔingbｅｓｔpｒａctiｃｅsｔoimｐroveorganizatｉｏnalperforｍaｎcｅ.

ＢestPrａctice

Asｕperiormethodorinnovａt(yī)ivｅpracｔiｃeｔhatcｏntriｂutestoimｐrovedｐerｆoｒｍanｃe.

BB

BlａcｋＢｅlt

AｐroceｓsｉmproｖementprojectｔeａｍleａｄerwhｏｉstrainedandcertifieｄintｈeSixＳigmａbrｅakｔhrｏugｈmeｔｈoｄoｌoｇｙanｄｔooｌsandwhoｉsrｅsｐonsibｌeｆｏｒｐｒojeｃtexecutioｎ.

Boxpｌot

＂Agｒaphｉcｓumｍaryofaｄistriｂｕtionwheｒｅthｅovｅrａlｌdispersｉonａndtｈecentralteｎｄｅncyormｅanｏfthedatａareｈiｇhliｇhｔed。"(ArtuｒoOnnｉas)

Bｒaｉnstormｉng

Ａnｉdeａ－gｅｎerａt(yī)iｎgｔｅchnｉｑｕethatuｓesgｒoupinｔeｒacｔiｏｎtｏｇeｎｅratemaｎｙideaｓinashorttimeｐerｉod。Ideasaｒesｏliciteｄinanｏn-juｄgｍｅntａｌ,unrｅstrictedmａnnerfroｍallmeｍｂersofagroup。

ＢVＡ

BｕｓinessValueＡｄded

TermusedｉnＶａｌｕeAnalysiｓｏｆａprｏｃｅsｓ．Ｄesignatｅsapｒocesｓstｅpthattｈebuｓiｎesｓｒｅquｉrestostayinbusineｓｓ．

Caｐabｉｌity

Thｅtｏtalrangeofinｈereｎtｖarｉａt(yī)iｏninasｔaｂlepｒoｃess。Itisdeｔerｍinedｕsｉngdａt(yī)afrｏmcontrolchａrtｓ。

Ｃaｐａbiliｔｙindex

Ａcalculatedｖaｌuｅusedtocｏｍpａｒeprocessvａrｉａt(yī)ｉontｏaspeciｆicａt(yī)iｏn.ExamplesａrｅＣp，Ｃpｋ．Caｎaｌｓoｂeusedtｏcｏmparｅproｃeｓｓeｓtoｅachｏｔher.

Causｅ

Aneｓｔablｉshedreaｓｏnfoｒｔhｅe(cuò)xisteｎcｅofadｅfecｔｏrapｒoblem.

C／EｏrＣ＆E

CａｕｓeanｄEfｆectMaｔrix

Prioｒitizatiｏｎｍatｒiｘuｓedtoassiｓtｉnfoｃusingiｎontherｏｏtcausesｏfprocesｓprｏbｌems。

ＣｅnｔralＴendency

Thetendeｎcｙofdatagathｅredfromａｐrｏcesstocｌustｅrtowaｒｄamiddlevalｕｅ,somewhereｂetｗeentｈｅhighandlｏwvａluesoｆmeasurｅment．

Chaｍpion

Anupperlevelbusｉnessleａdｅrｗhofaｃｉlitatesthｅｌeadｅrshｉp，ｉｍplementation,ａndｄeｐｌoymeｎtoftｈeｐｒocessqualityｉnｉtｉａｔiveandbreakｔｈrｏｕghphilosｏphiｅs。

Chaｒｔｅr

Ａwｒiｔtencｏｍｍｉtｍentbymanａｇeｍｅntsｔａt(yī)inｇthｅscｏｐeofaｕthorityｆoranimｐrovｅｍｅntｇｒｏｕｐ。Reｓourｃｅs，includingtimeandmｏney，arespｅciｆicaｌlyａddresｓed。

Ｃheｃkｓｈeet

Ａfoｒmfｏrrｅｃoｒdingdａt(yī)ａonwhiｃhｔhenumberoｆoccｕrrenｃesｏfaneｖeｎtcaｎbeｒecoｒｄｅｄastickｓorcｈｅcks。

CodeofＣonduct

Ｅxpｅctaｔionsoｆbehaｖiｏrmｕｔｕａllyagｒｅe(cuò)duponbyａt(yī)eaｍ．（Aｌsocａｌlｅd”norms＂or＂rulesｏｆengagement。＂)

CoｍmonCause

Ａsｏurceoｆprocｅsｓvariatioｎthａt(yī)ｉsｉnherenttotheprocesｓanｄｉｓｃommoｎtｏalltｈedata。

ＣＩ

ＣonfiｄenｃeIntervaｌ

Anintervalｔhatcanｂesaid,ｗithX％cerｔaｉnｔｙ,tｏｃｏntaintheｔｒueprｏcesｓｍeanｏrstanｄarｄdeviatioｎ.“Ｗeａre９５%coｎfidentｔhatthetrueproｃｅssmｅaniｓiｎｔhisinterval."

Ｃonｆormance

Thｅsｔateofmeetinｇanｄ／oreｘceedｉngcｕsｔｏｍｅｒrequirｅmｅntsandexpｅctａt(yī)ioｎs.

Ｃonｓenｓus

Asｔａt(yī)ewｈｅreeverｙoｎｅinｔhegrouｐsupｐｏrtｓanaｃtionordｅcision，ｅｖenifsomｅofthｅmdon'ｔｆｕｌlyagreｅｗｉtｈit。

ＣonsensusDeciｓion

Adｅcisioｎmadeａftｅrａｌlaｓpｅctsoｆaｎｉsｓuｅ,botｈpｏsｉtiｖｅandnegatｉｖｅ,havebｅｅnｒevｉewedordisｃussedｔotｈeexｔeｎtthateｖeｒｙoneopenｌyuｎdｅｒｓtands，sｕpportsａｎdｐａｒticipaｔesinthedecision.

Contrｏl

Keｅpｉｎgaprocｅsswiｔhinbｏｕndａrｉes;ｍinimizinｇｔhｅｖaｒiaｔionofaproｃess．

CoｎtrolChart

Aproblemsolｖinｇstatistｉcａlｔoolｔhaｔｉｎｄicａt(yī)eswｈeｔｈｅrtｈesysｔemisinoroutｏfｃontrol，ａsdeteｒｍinｅdｂｙcomputedｃｏntrolｌimiｔｓ。

ＣonｔroｌLｉmｉts

”Defineｓnaｔｕralbｏundａrｉｅsofaｐrｏcesswｉｔhinｓpecifiedｃonfidencelｅvels”［ｕｐpeｒcontｒｏlｌｉmit（UCL）,ａndlowercontrollimit（LCL）ｄefineｄｏnacoｎtｒolcharｔ]。(Ｊ.Ｒ。Rusｓｅll）

Cost－bｅｎefiｔAnａｌysis

Awａｙtocoｍｐarethecｏstsａnｄbeｎｅfitsofｐｌａns。Ｃanbeusｅdforcompａringｔheｆiｎａncialｏutｃｏmesｏｆdiffｅrentactionsaｎddeterminingifapaｒticｕｌaractｉｏnmａkesseｎseｆiｎaｎciａｌly。

COPQ

CoｓｔｏfPｏｏrQualiｔｙ

Costasｓｏｃiatedwithpoorｑualityprｏductsorsｅｒviceｓ．Ｅxaｍpleｓ:Productiｎspecｔｉon,Sortｉnｇ，Scrａp，Rework，ａnｄFieｌdＣomplaｉｎｔs．

Cp

ProｃessCaｐabiｌitｙＩndex

Acａlcｕlatedvaｌueusedtocｏmparｅproceｓsvａｒiatｉoｎtoaspecifiｃation.Canａlsｏbeusedtocomｐareｐrｏcesｓesｔoｅaｃｈotheｒ.

CPD

CustomerPｅrcentDefｅcｔｉve

Tｈeｐｅrcｅntａgｅofprｏduｃｔsorserｖicesthataresuｃcesｓfulｌｙcoｍpletedoｎthｅfｉrstaｔｔeｍptwithoutreｑｕｉringreｍedialactioｎorrework.

Cpk

ProcesｓＣapａｂｉlityＩｎｄex–notceｎtered

Aｃalcuｌａt(yī)edvａｌueuｓｅｄｔocｏmｐarｅｐroｃｅssvariationtoaｓpeｃifｉcaｔioｎ.Ｃaｎalsobeusedｔoｃomparepｒocessesｔｏｅachothｅr。

Cｏｕntermeaｓure

Aｃtioｎtakentocounｔeｒtheveｒiｆiｅdroｏtcauseofaprobｌem．

CriticalChａrａcteｒiｓtｉc

Acharacteriｓticｄepｅndｅｎtontｈｅfunctioningofｂudｇeｔconｓtｒaints，ｃomｐｅtｉtｉｖｅe(cuò)dｇeand/orcustｏmersatｉsｆaｃtionoftｈｅproｄuｃｔ.

CｒiticalＤepeｎdenciｅs

Theinterｒelationsｈｉpseｘistｉngｗithinoramongprocｅssestｈaｔaｒｅｐｒｉｍaｒydrｉvｅrsｏfdefｅcｔsorｅrrorｓinaprｏduｃｔorｓervice.

CPIＶ

CｒiticａlＰrｏcessInputVariable

Tｈevitalfeｗpｒocｅssinｐutvariablestｈatｈaｖｅthegreateｓteｆｆectｏｎｔｈeoutputｖａｒiaｂｌｅ(s）ofiｎtｅrest.Theyarecalled“Ｘ’s”,normally2–6trｕecritｉcaｌvarｉablｅs。

CrosｓFunctional

Atermusｅdtodescribeiｎdividuａlsｆroｍdifferenｔorｇａnｉzａｔiｏｎａlｕnitsorfunctionｓｔhatａreｐａrtｏfateamｔosoｌveprobｌemｓ,plaｎ，ａnddevelｏpsoluｔioｎsaffeｃtiｎｇtheｏrganizationａsaｓyｓｔem。

CＶA

CｕsｔomerValｕeＡdded

TｅｒmusedinVａluｅAｎａlyｓisofaproｃeｓｓ.Ｄesignａｔesapｒocｅsｓstepthattheｃustoｍｅｒiswｉｌlinｇｔopayfor．

ＣＴ

CycleTime

Thｅaｖeraｇｅｔimｅｆｒｏmauniｔeｎｔerinｇtｈｅｐrocessuntｉlｉtiｓｃｏmpleteｄasafｉniｓhｅdｇoｏd。

CTQ

CriticaｌtoQｕａlｉtｙ

ArequiremenｔthatacusｔomeｒvａlｕesisconsideredCｒiticaｌｔoQuaｌitｙ.Whatthecｕｓｔomerpaysfoｒ．

Defeｃｔ

Anyｉnstanceoroccurrenceｗｈeｒetheｐrodｕctｏrserｖicefailｓｔomeetcｕstｏmerｒequｉｒeｍeｎts

ＤeｆectOpportuｎitｙ

Ａtｙpeoｆpotenｔiａlｄeｆｅctonaunitofthroughｐｕt（outpｕt)ｔhatｉsimporｔantｔｏthecuｓtomer(i。e。Specificｆielｄｓｏnaformthatcｒeａt(yī)esandopporｔunｉtyｆｏｒerroｒthaｔwｏuｌdｂeiｍportaｎttoｔｈeｃｕstomer）．

Defeｃtｉve

Anyunｉｔwithoｎeoｒmｏredeｆeｃｔs.Sｅe(cuò)aｌsoDefects

DMＡIC

Define,Meａsure，Aｎalｙze，Ｉmprｏve，Contｒol

5stepsduｒinｇａSixSigmａpｒojｅｃｔ

DＭADＶｏrDMADVI

Dｅfine，Measure,Ａnaｌyze,Dｅsｉgｎ,Validａt(yī)eoｒDeｆiｎe,Ｍeasure，Ａnalyｚe，Deｓign，Verｉｆy,Iｍpｌemeｎｔ

Ｎｅwpｒｏｃｅssdesiｇntool.ＣommonlyｕsedaｃronymforDｅｓigｎfｏｒSixSiｇｍａmethoｄｓ．

DＯTWＩMP

Defｅcｔs，Ｏvｅrpｒoduｃｔion，Transportaｔioｎ,Waiｔiｎg,Iｎveｎｔorｙ,Motioｎ,Ｐrｏcessing

Sｅveｎｗａstes

DPMO

DefectsＰｅrＭiｌlioｎOpportｕnｉｔiｅs

Thenuｍbｅrｏｆｄefectｓinｅｖeｒyｍilｌionoppoｒｔunities。Bytａkｉｎgintoａccoｕntoｐpｏｒtunitiesfｏrdeｆｅｃtｓ，aｎdnotｊustdefｅcｔｓ，wｅcａnｃompａrｅproceｓｓesofｄiｆfeｒiｎgcomｐlexitｙ.

DPＵ

DefectsＰeｒUnｉt

Tｈenuｍｂｅｒofｄeｆectsinauniｔorproｄuct。Thismeaｓuｒedoeｓnottａkeintｏacｃountｔｈenumbｅroｆoｐpoｒtｕnｉtiesｆordefects，jｕｓtｔｈenuｍberofdｅｆecｔs.

DＯE

DesigｎofExperimｅnｔs

Ａneｆｆiciｅntｍethodofｅxｐｅrimｅntａt(yī)ionｗhiｃhideｎｔifies,wｉthｍiｎimuｍtｅsting，ｆacｔors(keｙpｒoｃesｓｉnputｖariａｂlｅs）anｄtheirｏpｔimumｓetｔingsｔｈataffeｃｔtｈｅmeａnandｖarｉａt(yī)ion。

Ｅmｐoｗermｅnt

Actofplａｃiｎgａｃcouｎtability，autｈｏｒｉｔｙ，anｄresponsibilitｙforpｒoceｓsesandprodｕctsatｔｈelowestposｓiblｅlｅvｅl。Whｅthｅｒｏrnotaｐersｏnistｒulyｅmpｏｗereddepeｎdｓoｎtheiraccｅｐtanceｏfreｓｐｏnsｉbiｌiｔyａnｄacｃｏuntabiｌitｙ,tｈeircapabｉlitiｅs,andtheseriouｓnessｏftheconsequencｅs．

EＮT

Eｎtiｔleｍent

Ｔhebｅsｔaｐrｏｃｅｓsｍeａsurecｏｕldbe．

ＥxternalFaiｌure

Nonｃonformanceidｅntifiｅdbyexteｒnalcustomeｒs．

F

Fｕnｃtionrelatingprocｅssinpuｔstoproceｓsouｔpｕｔs

Y=F（x1，x2,x３，……）

FＭEA

FaｉlｕｒeMｏdeｓandEｆfeｃtsＡｎalｙsｉs

Metｈｏdusedinmeａsｕretoｕnderstandｒisｋｓoｆfailureｉｎaｐrocess。

FｉrｅFｉgｈtｉｎg

”Theactiｖｉtyofgettingｒｉdoｆｓporadicquａliｔｙtroublｅsａndｒestoｒingtｈestａt(yī)uｓqｕｏ?！?Ｄｒ.JoseｐhM．Jurａn）

FPY

FirｓtPassYｉeld

Theperｃeｎtageofprｏductsorserｖicesthataｒｅsuccesｓｆulｌyｃｏｍｐletｅｄoｎｔｈefｉrstattｅmpｔwiｔhouｔrｅquiｒingｒeｍedialacｔｉonorrework.

Fiｖe“wｈys”

Ateｃｈniｑuｅｆordｉsｃoverｉｎgtherｏoｔcauｓe（s）ofaproblemａnｄshowingtheｒeｌatiｏnsｈipofcaｕsesbｙrｅpeateｄlyaskingtheｑｕｅstiｏn"Whｙ?"

Gaｇebias（Accuracｙ）

Ｔｈｅdiffｅreｎｃebetweeｎthetrueorrefereｎｃevalueaｎdtheobserveｄaｖerａgｅｏfmｕｌtipleｍeasuremｅｎtsoftheidenｔｉcａlｃharacｔerｉsticonｔheｓａｍepaｒｔ．

Gagerepeatabilitｙ

Thｅvａｒiatioｎinmeasｕrｅmentsｏbtａinｅdwｉtｈonｅmｅaｓuｒemenｔinstrｕmenｔwhenusｅｄｓevｅraltimｅｓbｙoneappraｉｓerwhiｌemeasuriｎgtheiｄenticａｌchａrａcteriｓticonthesaｍｅpａrt。

Ｇagereｐroduciｂility

Thevarｉationiｎtheａｖerageofｔheｍeasuremｅntsｍadeｂyｄｉffｅrentａpｐraisｅｒｓusinｇthesaｍemeasurinｇiｎsｔrumｅｎｔwheｎｍeasuringｔｈeidenticalcｈaraｃteriｓticonthesaｍepart.

GapAnalysis

Theｃompａrisonoｆaｃｕrreｎtcondiｔiontothｅdesiｒedsｔatｅ.

Goａl

”Ａbrｏadstａｔeｍｅntdｅscribｉngａdesireｄfuｔuｒｅcｏnｄitｉｏｎｏｒａchiｅvemｅｎtwiｔhｏutbｅiｎgspeｃｉｆｉcａｂouthowmuchａndwheｎ.”(GovernmentPerformanceａndＲｅsultsAｃｔof１993)

ＧＢ

Ｇｒｅe(cuò)nBeｌｔ

Aｐart-tｉmｅｐrｏcessｉｍpｒovemeｎtprｏjecｔteamlｅadｅrwhｏistraｉnedandcerｔifiｅdinthｅＳiｘＳiｇmabreａkｔhroughmeｔｈodoｌoｇyandtｏolsanｄｗhｏｉsresponsiblefｏrprojeｃtexecutiｏn。ＴｙpicallyｗorksoｎsmａllerscopedprｏｊectsthaｎＢB'ｓ。

Hｏ

NullＨypoｔhesｉs

Ａｓｔatementｏfnｏcｈaｎgeｏrdｉfferenｃｅ.Thｉsｓtatemenｔisａsｓumedtrｕeuntｉlsuffｉciｅntevideｎceispｒeｓenｔedtorejectiｔ.“Ifpｉｓlｏw,Ｈohastogｏ"

Ha

AｌtｅrnatｅHｙpotｈesｉs

Astaｔemｅｎｔofchangeoｒdifferenｃe。Thisｓtａt(yī)ｅmentｉscoｎｓｉｄerｅdtrueifHｏｉsrejectｅd。

Hawthorneeｆｆｅcｔ

Everｙchanｇeｒesｕlts（iｎitiａlly,ａt(yī)lｅaｓt）iniｎcreaseｄｐrodｕcｔｉvitｙ.Ofｔｅnｏccurｓｅarlyinaproｊeｃt,whｅrepｒocｅsｓparｔｉcipaｎtsrealizｅtｈeprocｅssisundeｒstudy。

Ｈistｏgram

Ａgraｐhiｃｗayofsummariziｎgdaｔａbyploｔｔiｎgpossibleｖａｌuesonｏnｅaxｉsandtheoｂｓerveｄfrequenciｅsｆoｒthosevalueｓonｔheoｔheraxｉs。Iｔhelpｓoneｖiｓｕaｌizetheceｎtrａlｔendencｙａｎddisｐersionoftｈedａt(yī)a.

ＨouｓeoｆQualｉｔｙ

Ａprｏduｃt-plaｎｎingmａt(yī)ｒiｘdeｖelopeｄduringｑｕalityｆｕｎｃｔionｄｅpｌｏymentthatshowsｔｈerelatｉoｎshipｏfcusｔomｅrreｑuiｒemｅｎtstotheｍeansｏfachieｖinｇtheserequiremｅnts.Ｔｈeｍatriｘindｉcａt(yī)eｓｔheiｍｐacｔｅａchofｔhｅmeanshasononeanoｔhｅr。

Imｐｌeｍｅnｔaｔion

Asｔructureｄａｐｐrｏaｃhthatadｄｒessｅsallaspects（ｗｈo，what，ｗｈen，wheｒe，wｈｙ,andhow）ｏfiｎcorpｏratｉｎgｉmproｖementsｉntｏtheｐrocessorsysｔem.

Imｐroｖemeｎｔ

Theｏrｇaｎizeｄcｒｅaｔｉoｎｏfbenｅficiaｌcｈange；theａt(yī)ｔainmentｏfunｐrｅcedentedｌevelsofｐerfｏrmaｎｃe.Leveｌｓofimprovemｅｎtrａｎｇｅfromｉncrｅmentaｌtｏmaｊｏr；e.g．，"bｒeakthｒoｕgh”imprｏvement．

I/O

ＩnpｕtＯuｔｐut

Typeofproｃesｓmapthａｔinｃｌｕｄeｓｐrocesssｔepsaｎdtheｉｒinpuｔsanｄouｔｐuｔｓ.

Insｐeｃtion

Ｐrｏcessofmeasuｒinｇ，ｅｘamｉningoｒｔesｔｉngaproｄuctserviceaｇaｉnsｔsomｅrequｉremｅnttoidentifynonconｆormａｎcebeforｅｉｔreａchesaｃustomｅｒ。

Inｔeｒｎaｌfailures

”Prｏducｔfailuresthatoccuｒｂeforetheproductisdeｌivｅｒedtoｅxternaｌcusｔomｅrs."（Dr。JosｅpｈＭ.Jurａn）

ISO

InternaｔｉonalStanｄａrdｓOrｇanization

ISO9000iｓaｎinternationalｓｔａnｄａrdｆｏrdocumｅntatioｎoｆsｔandardizedproceｓses.

ＪIT

JuｓtInTime

Aｃｏncｅptwｈereaniｔemiｓｄeｌｉvereｄ,juｓｔ－in-tｉme,wherｅandwhｅnitisneeded.

Kaizｅn

Ｉnthebusinｅsswoｒｌd,ThewordKaizeｎhａsbeenutiｌizedbｙtｈeＪapaneｓｅｔocｈarａcｔｅrｉzｅabｕsｉnessｓtrategyinvolｖeseｖeryｏneinanorｇａnｉzatiｏnwoｒkinｇtoｇｅtheｒtoｍaｋeimprｏveｍents’wｉｔhｏutlａrgecaｐｉｔalinvestmｅntｓ＇

Ｋａnｂａn

＂Acoｍmuｎicationstoｏlinｔhe＇jusｔ-in－tｉｍe＇producｔioｎandcontｒｏｌsyｓtem。Akanban,ｏｒsｉｇnboard，ｉsａt(yī)ｔachedtoｓpecｉficpartsinaproｄuctｉｏｎlineｓigｎifｙｉngｔｈｅdeliveｒyofａｇｉvenｑuantｉty.Wheｎallｐaｒｔshａvｅbeｅnuｓed，theｓameｓiｇnisretｕrｎeｄtoｉtｓoｒigiｎwherｅitbｅｃomｅsａnordｅｒforｍoｒe."(KａｉzenInsｔｉtｕｔe）

KJ

JｉroＫawaｋitａ

NameofanotｅdJapaneseanthropｏlogiｓt。Crｅatｅdmｅthodｆorsummariｚinganｄcharacｔerizinglarｇequantitiesｏｆａnｔhropoｌoｇiｃalｄaｔagathｅｒeｄdurｉnghｉsexpedｉtionｓ。

ＫPIV

ＫｅyＰrocessＩｎputVariａｂle

Ｔhevitaｌfewproｃesｓinｐutvarｉaｂlesthathavetheｇrｅａt(yī)esｔeｆfｅcｔｏnthｅｏutpｕｔvａｒiabｌe(s）oｆinｔeresｔ．Tｈeyａrecalleｄ“X’s”，(ｎorｍalｌy２–6)

KPOV

KeｙＰroｃｅssOutpｕtVarｉable

Thｅｏｕtｐuｔvariabｌe（ｓ）oｆinｔereｓｔ．Tｈeｙarecallｅdthe“Y’ｓ"，(usuａlｌy1）．Mａybepｒocesｓpｅrforｍaｎcemeasurｅsorｐroｄuctcharacｔeｒｉsｔiｃs.

LCＬ

LowerControlLimit

Deｍｏnsｔratesloｗerｌimｉｔoｆｐｒocｅssexpｅcteｄｖａｒiability.Poinｔsｏｕｔｓiｄeofｃontroｌlimiｔｓhouldbeinvesｔigatedtoｄetｅrmineasｓｉgｎａｂlecaｕsｅ．Ｆｏｒmｕlais(procｅsｓｓａmｐｌemｅａn–3xsamplestandarddeviａt(yī)iｏｎ).99％oftheproceｓsvarｉaｔionfalｌswｉtｈinthｅlowerａnｄupｐｅrｃontｒollimits．

Litｔle'ｓLａw

ＣT=CT＊TH

LSL

LowｅrSpecｉfｉｃａt(yī)ｉonLiｍit

Lowｅstaccepｔablevaluｅormｅasｕrementcustomeｒｉswillingtoaccept．Loweｒlimiｔｏｆcustomｅrｒｅqｕireｍent．

ＭBB

MasterＢlackBeｌt

Apｅrsｏnｗhoiｓ“expｅrｔ"iｎSixSigmabreａkthｒoughtechniｑｕesａｎｄｐｒojｅctimplemｅntation。ＭＢBｓｐlayａkｅyｒoｌeintrａiningandcｏａchｉｎｇBlackBelts.

MｅasｕrementＳｙsｔｅm

Thecompletepｒocessuseｄtoｏbtainmeasｕrements。Ｉtｃｏnsｉｓtsofｔhecollｅcｔiｏnofoｐeratｉonｓ,pｒoｃedures，gaｇｅｓａnｄoｔherｅqｕipmeｎｔ，sｏｆtware，aｎｄpersonnｅｌｕｓedｔoａsｓigｎaｎumｂｅroｒｖａluetothecｈaracｔeristｉｃbｅｉngmeasured.

MSA

MeａsｕｒeｍenｔSysｔｅmAnalyｓis

Mｅthodｔouｎｄeｒstandtheｃaｐａbilｉtyｏftｈemｅasuremenｔｓysｔem。

Metrｉc

Ａｍｅａｓｕrement，takenoｖerａｐeriodｏftimethatcoｍmuｎicaｔｅsvitaｌｉnformatｉonａｂoutａprｏcessoｒacｔiｖiｔy。Amｅｔricsｈoｕｌdｄriveａｐpropriａｔeleadeｒshｉporｍanagｅmeｎｔａｃtioｎ。Ｐhysically，amｅtricpａckageconｓisｔsofaｎoｐeｒａt(yī)ionａlｄｅｆiｎition,measｕｒｅmeｎｔovｅｒｔimeandpｒeｓentatiｏｎ。

MTB

Minｉtab

Astatisticalｓoｆtwａreｐrogramusedtｏasｓistindataanａｌysis.

Ｍｕlti-Ｖaｒｉ

Typeofｍｕltiplevariablｅprocesssｔudy

Asｓiｓtsinidentｉfｙingｔheprimａryx’sthatiｍpactｙoｕｒY's.Agraｐhicwａyofdepicｔｉｎｇｖaｒiaｔiｏnｗitｈinａsiｎgleeｎｔｉty，ｍacｈiｎｅoｒｐroceｓs，ｏrbetweenentities(ｐroｄｕceｄａt(yī)tｈｅsaｍｅtimeorovｅrｔiｍｅ)。Aｌlowsthestｕdyｏfproceｓsinｐuｔsanｄｏutpｕｔsinａｐassivemode（naｔuｒaldaｙ-to－dayprocess）.

Mｕｌti—variChart

Ａgraｐhiｃwaｙoｆｄｅｐicｔｉngｖariａｔionwiｔhinasｉnｇｌepart,ｍaｃｈineorproｃｅsｓ，oｒｂｅtweｅnｐarｔs(prｏdｕｃeｄatｔｈeｓametｉmeｏrovｅrｔime).Ａllowstｈestudyoｆpｒocessｉnｐutｓanｄoutｐutsinapaｓｓivemｏde（naturaｌdａy—tｏ—ｄayprｏceｓs）．

Mｕltiｖｏting

Asｔrｕctｕredvotingｐrｏｃessusedtoｒeducealarｇｅnumberｏfiｔems,ｕsualｌyiｄeas,toａmoremａnaｇｅableｎumbeｒｆorfuｒtｈerprocｅsｓingorａnalysis.

ＮGT

NｏｍinａlGｒouｐTechnique

Atｏolforgeｎeraｔiｎｇaliｓtofｉdｅasoroｐpoｒtunitｉｅｓ（alｌｏwｓinｄividｕａlｓtｏexprｅsstｈeｉropinion).Vｏtingaｎdranｋinｇdｅtｅrｍinｅｐｒiｏritｉes.

ＮVA

Non-ValｕeＡｄded

TermｕsedｉnＶaｌueAnalysisｏｆａprocｅsｓ.Ｄeｓignａｔｅｓａｐroｃesssteｐthatiｓnotｒeｑｕirｅｄbｙtheｂusｉnessｏrthecusｔomeｒ.

Nｏrmaldistｒｉbutiｏn

Acontｉnuｏｕs，symmetrｉcaｌ,belｌshapedfreｑuｅncydiｓtriｂuｔionｆorvaｒｉableｄａt(yī)a.

Oｕｔofcontｒol

Descｒibesａprocesｓｔhathasｖariaｔiｏｎstｈatflucｔuaｔeｏuｔsidethecompuｔedｃontrｏlliｍｉts。Ｔhisｃｏｎditｉoｎnormalｌyinｄｉcateｓｔhｅｐrocessiｓｎotoperaｔingａｓｄesiｒedoｒthaｔeｘterｎaｌfactorｓｈａｖebｅe(cuò)nｉｎtrodｕceｄ。Aproｃeｓs"ｏutofcoｎtｒol"ｉsnotsｔabｌeandtｈerefoｒｅisnotpｒedictａble.

ｐ

p-valｕe

Teｓtｓtａt(yī)iｓticusedinＨｙpｏtｈesｉsｔeｓtinｇ?！埃蒮pisｌoｗ,Hｏhastogo。"

P/T

Preｃｉsioｎtocustｏmeｒtolerａnceｒaｔｉo

Ａddｒesseswhatpeｒｃeｎtoftheｔｏlｅｒaｎcｅistakｅnuｐｂymeasurｅｍｅntｅｒroｒ.

Includeｓbotｈrepeatabiｌityandrｅprｏdｕciｂility。

Paradｉgm

Asｅtofruｌeｓaｎdrｅgulatｉonｓthatｄefiｎｅｓｂoundaｒiesａnｄteｌlswhatｔodotoｂeｓuccesｓfulwｉthｉntheｓebｏundaries.

PａreｔoCｈart

Aｓtatisticａlｍetｈｏdｏfmｅasureｍｅｎｔtoｉdｅntｉfyｔhemostimportａntｐrｏblｅmｓthroughdiffereｎｔmｅaｓureｍｅntscａles;ｅ.g。，frequeｎcｙ，cｏsｔ，etｃ。Ｉｔdirectsattentiｏnaｎdｅffortｓｔｏthｅmoｓtsignificaｎtpｒoｂleｍｓ。

ＰPＭ

PartｓPeｒMillioｎ

SameasＤＰMO.

ＰDSA

PlaｎDoStｕdyAct

Plaｎ-Ｄｏ-Stuｄy—Aｃｔ：astruｃtuｒed,cyclicalｍｅthｏdologyfordｅvelopingandimｐlementingaｃtionsｏfanyｔｙpe:Plaｎfortheacｔioｎbycolｌeｃtｉngaｎdanalyｚingdａt(yī)aanddeveｌｏpingａltｅrｎａt(yī)ｉveｓ；Ｄo，implemｅntｔｈeseleｃtｅdａlｔｅrｎative（preferablyonａsmalｌscale）;Stuｄy,eｖaｌｕaterｅsultsaｎdｃompareeｘｐｅcｔeｄvａluｅs；Aｃt，sｔandardiｚeａcｔiｏnａnd/oｒstａrtover.（SheｗharｔＣycle,DemｉngWheｅｌ)

Prevｅntｉon

Aｑualityasｓｕranｃestｒategytｈaｔattemptｓtoiｄenｔｉfyandcorｒeｃtunacｃeｐtａｂleserviｃeorprｏｄuｃtcharactｅｒｉsｔｉｃsdｕrｉngtheｄeｓｉgｎ，ｄevｅlｏpｍeｎtorpｒoductioｎphaｓｅs。

Probabiｌitｙ

Tｈeｃhanｃeofaneventhaｐpeｎiｎgｏrａconｄitioｎoccｕrrｉngｉnarａndｏmtriａl。

Prｏcess

Ｔhecoｍｂｉnationｏfpeｏｐｌe,eｑｕiｐｍent,maｔerｉaｌｓ，ｍｅｔｈodｓ，ａndeｎvironmｅntthaｔproducｅｏｕtput–agiveｎprｏductorｓeｒvice．Itistheparｔicuｌａrｗａyofdｏingｓoｍeｔｈiｎg。

Ｐｒocessmａp

Aｓtep—bｙ－steppｉctoriａlseｑｕｅnceoｆaｐroceｓsshoｗingｐｒoceｓsinｐutｓ，pｒoceｓｓｏｕｔｐutｓ，ｃyｃlｅtimerｅwｏrｋopeｒａt(yī)iｏns,andinspｅctioｎｐoints．

POV

ProcessOutｐutVariablｅ

Ｔｈeｏｕtｐutｓoｆinｔｅrｅst，ｓomeｔiｍesｒｅferrｅdtoastｈeｃｕsｔｏmerreｑuirｅｍｅnts。Theｙareｃａlledthe“Y’ｓ”，（usuaｌly１）.Mａyｂeproｃessperfｏｒmancemeasｕｒesorｐｒoｄuctｃhａraｃterisｔicｓ.

ProcesｓSpread

Ｔheｅxtentｔowhichｔｈediｓtriｂutionofiｎdiｖiduａlvaｌｕｅsofthepｒｏｃesscharacteriｓtic(ｉnpuｔｏrouｔputvａriａblｅ)ｖary;oｆtensｈownastheprocessaｖｅｒaｇepｌusandmｉnuｓsomeｎumbeｒofsｔandａrddｅviａt(yī)ｉoｎs．Othｅｒrelateｄmeasuｒesｏｆspｒeadincludｅｔherａnge，aｎdvarianｃe.

ＱA

ＱualityAssｕrａnce

Usedtodescｒibeeitｈeraｃｏｍpany'sｑuａｌｉtyｍｅｔhodsoｒｑuaｌitｙｄepａrtment。Ａssurａncｅｉsｔypicaｌlymｏrｅpｒoaｃtive。

ＱualityAuｄit

”Ａsystematｉc，indeｐｅndｅｎtｅxamiｎａｔｉｏnaｎｄreｖieｗｔｏdｅｔermiｎｅwhetherｑualｉtｙaｃtivitieｓaｎｄrelatedrｅｓulｔscomｐlywｉthplannedarrangeｍenｔsandｗhethertheａｒrａnｇeｍeｎtsaｒｅimplｅmentｅdeffｅcｔivelyandａresuitａbｌetｏachiｅvｅtheobjectiｖes?！?ＡSＱCＱｕalityPrｏgreｓs,Feｂ92)

QC

QualityControl

Usedtｏｄeｓcribeeｉthｅrａcoｍpanｙ’squalｉtｙｍｅthodｓorqｕalitｙｄepａrtment。Cｏntｒolisｔypｉcallymｏrereactive．

ＱＦD

QｕaliｔyＦunctｉonDeｐlｏｙmｅｎt

Asyｓtemｔhattraｎsｌaｔescusｔoｍerｒequｉremｅnｔs（voicｅoｆthecustoｍeｒ)inｔｏtecｈnicalreｑuiｒemenｔsforeachstageoｆdeveｌｏpｍeｎtand/orｐroduｃtｉon.

R

Rａｎｇe

Tｈedifｆerenｃｅｂｅtｗｅe(cuò)ｎｔｈeｍaxｉｍｕｍandｍinimｕmｄaｔapointｓinasample。

R＆Ｒ

RepeatabｉlｉtｙandReproducｉｂｉlity

Repeatａｂiｌity:Thevａrｉatｉonｉnmｅasuremeｎｔsobtainedwitｈonemeasureｍｅntinｓtrumｅnｔwhenusedsｅveraltimesbyoneapprａisｅｒwｈilｅmeａsuringtheidｅｎticalｃhａraｃtｅｒｉｓtiｃoｎthesameｐart．

Ｒeproducｉbiliｔy：Thｅvａrｉatｉonintheaｖeｒageofthemeａsurｅmentsｍadebydiｆfeｒentaｐprａiserｓusｉｎgtheｓamemeasｕrinｇinstruｍｅntwhｅnｍeaｓuriｎgtheidentｉcalｃharacｔerｉｓticｏnthｅｓaｍepart。

RSM

RｅsponｓeＳuｒfacｅMethｏds

ＭethodforｕｓiｎgDOＥtooptｉｍｉzeprｏｃesspａrameｔeｒsｅｔtinｇs.Ａｌlowsfoｒｆiｎepｒocｅｓsadjusｔｍentｆｏruｌtimaｔeopｔimizａt(yī)ｉoｎ。

rb

RatｅofBｏttlｅnecｋ

Processｂottlｅneckｒａt(yī)eorｒａｔeoftheworkstaｔionhａvinｇtｈehiｇｈestｌonｇtｅｒmｕｔiliｚationinthatprocess．

RPN

ＲｉｓkＰriorityNuｍｂeｒ

MeｔricusｅdｉnFMＥAtｏquanｔifｙrｉｓk．Caｌcuｌａt(yī)edbymultiｐlyiｎgtheSevｅriｔyoｆｔheＥffecｔ,theprｏbabilｉtyofOccuｒrenｃｅｏfｔheFaｉlureanｄtｈeabiｌｉtytｏDeｔectthｅFailuｒe．RPＮ=SxＯｘD

RTＹ

ＲｏlledTｈrｏｕghputYield

Themｕltiｐlｉcatioｎoｆalltheiｎdivｉdualfirｓtpaｓsｙiｅｌdsofeａchstepoftheenｔirepｒoceｓs．

s

ＳａmplｅＳｔaｎdardDeviａt(yī)ion

Ameasurｅofthｅaｖｅrageｖariatioｎｏfａｓample（ｗidｔｈｏｆtｈedistribｕtion）。

SＢTI

SiｇmaBreakthroｕgｈTｅchnｏlｏgiｅs，Inc。

ＡconsultingfirｍｔhatspeciaｌizesinSiｘSigmaimplｅmentatiｏｎ．

ＳＭED

SingleＭinutｅＥｘｃhanｇeoｆDiｅ

SIＰＯC

SＩPOCMap—SｕｐplieｒsInpuｔsＰrｏｃeｓsOutｐutｓＣuｓｔｏmers

Singlｅpａｇeprocesｓmａptｈａt(yī)showsthescopｅoftheｐrｏcessyouｒprojecｔｉsｅxaｍiｎｉｎg。

SD

ＳtandａrｄDｅvｉation

Aｍeａsurｅoｆtｈesprｅadｏftｈeproceｓs（wiｄthoｆtｈedｉstｒiｂuｔion）。

ＳＯP

StandａrｄＯperaｔiｎｇPｒoceduｒｅ

Ｓtandａrdizedproｃedureｔhatｉsdocｕmentedanduｓedｂyａllprocesspaｒtiｃipａnts。

ＳPACER

Safety，Pｕrｐoｓe，Agｅnda，ＣoｄｅoｆConduct,EｘｐecｔatiｏｎsａｎｄRolｅs

Meetinｇeffectivenｅsｓteｃｈnique。Ｅvｅryｍeｅtｉnｇsｈouｌdbeｇinwithreviewofsａfetyproceｄures,ｍeetingpｕrpｏse，aｇeｎda，ｍｅe(cuò)tingcodeofconduct,mｅe(cuò)tingexpeｃtａt(yī)ionsandmeeｔｉngrolｅs。

Ｓｐeｃ

Spｅcificatioｎ

Thecustomｅrrequiremenｔfｏrjｕdgingaccepｔabｉｌiｔyofaparticularcharａctｅristic。

oｒｓ

Sｔａndａrｄdｅvｉatｉon

Ameaｓｕreofｔｈｅspｒeadoｆtheproceｓs(wｉdthｏfｔhedistｒibutｉon）.

Ｓtatistiｃalｃoｎtrol

Tｈeconditiondescribｉnｇaprocｅssfｒomwhｉcｈallｓpｅcｉａl/assiｇnａｂlecausｅｓofｖariatioｎhavebｅｅnelimiｎaｔｅdandonｌｙcｏmmon／ｒaｎｄomｃauｓesｒemaiｎ.Appliestobotｈtｈemｅan（lｏcatioｎ）ａｎｄsｔａndarddeviａt(yī)ion(sｐrｅad）.

ＳPC

StatiｓticａlPrｏceｓsControl

Mｅthodthatｕsescoｎtrｏlchａrｔｉngtomａnａgeａprocessasitoccｕrs.

Stoｒｙboard

Ｔeｃhniquｅtographiｃallydisplayｔhemｅthodology