.常見的字母與字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)則(I)元音字母及元音字母組合拼讀規(guī)則(一)元音字母a1.重讀開音節(jié)/ei/paper；late；make；lake；face2.重讀閉音節(jié)/?/bag；fat；cat；ladder；mass3.非重讀音節(jié)/?/或/i//i/——comrade；village；manager；palace；private；necklace*連續(xù)相同的輔音(字母)，一般只發(fā)一個音，而且歸屬后一個音節(jié)段。如上的ladder，village.taanceaskassastath組合里，重讀時均發(fā)/a:/sfast；cast；past；last；master；father；path；bath；——(*例外：maths/?/)(二)元音字母e1.重讀開音節(jié)/i:/me；he；she；these；evening2.重讀閉音節(jié)/e/hen；get；set；tell；echo3.非重讀音節(jié)/i/useless；ticket；basket；pocket；before；below；(三)元音字母i或y1.重讀開音節(jié)/ai/China；try；my；hi；time；guide；2.重讀閉音節(jié)/i/sit；hit；ill；little；system；3.非重讀音節(jié)/i/unit;study.(四)元音字母o1.重讀開音節(jié)/eu/no；so；go；home；photo；2.重讀閉音節(jié)/c/not；hot；box；fox；cock；cost；3.非重讀音節(jié)/e/purpose；concernlove；dove；glove；above；anothermother；brother；become；someanwumenwomenwimin(五)元音字母u1.重讀開音節(jié)/ju:/pupil；student；use；cube2.重讀閉音節(jié)/?/或/u//u/——put；full；pull3.非重讀音節(jié)/e/autumn;August；support(一)元音字母a的字母組合day；may；play；stay；lay*ay在非重讀音里/i/或/ei/Sunday；Monday；Tuesday；Thursday；Friday2.al+絕大多數(shù)輔音字母/c:/small；wall；call；talk；walk；chalk或/c:l/also；alwaysll3.-ance在重讀時/a:ns/chance；dance；France在非重讀時/?ns/importance；performance；ambulance4.-ant非重讀/?nt/assistant；important；peasantangeeind/change；danger；strange;(*但orange/ind?/)6.-age一般/id?/village；carriage；marriage7.-ask一般重讀時/a:sk/ask；mask；task;basket9.-ast一般重讀時/a:st/last；past；fast；cast-aste一般/eist/waste；paste；taste(*但because/?/)-augh(t)/?:(t)/caught；taught；daughter12.-aw/?:/draw；saw；law；awful14.-ar重讀音時/a:/party；car；farm；army；yard；hard；star*quarter在非重讀音時/-?/beggar；dollar；solarr17.-able一般/eibl/able；cable；table；stable(二)元音字母e的組合-ea/i:/team；meat；lead；teach；read；mean；please；steal-ea/e/threat；bread；meant；read(過去式和過去分詞)；peasant-ea/i?/real；really-ea/ei/great；break2.-ee/i:/feel；week；keep；three；steel；street；sweep；see3.-eer/i?/deer；pioneer；engineer；volunteer4.-er重讀音節(jié)/?:/her；term；service；Germany非重讀/?/worker；paper；western；teacher特殊讀法/a:/clerk5.-ere/i?/here；mere-ear/i?/ear；dear；near；clear；tear(n.)；beard-ear/?:/early；earth；learn；heard-ear/a:/heart7.-ei/ei/eight；weigh；weight-ei/ai/height-ei/i:/receiveeyeithey；hey；survey-ey非重讀/i/monkey；donkey；valley；volleyball*-et非重讀/it/pocket；ticket；rocket9.-ew一般/ju:/new；few；knew-ew或者發(fā)/u:/grew；threwe11.-est/ist/biggest；modest；happiest；ed/d/lived；studieded音后/t/worked；finished..(三)元音字母i或y的組合1.-ie在重讀音節(jié)中，或在輔音字母前，發(fā)/i:/field；piece；achieveiliedietie2.-igh(t)在重讀音節(jié)/ai(t)/high；night；light；bright3.-ir在重讀音節(jié)/?:/girl；firm；circle；first；third5.-ild/aild/child；wilddaindfindkindmindwindwindowind7.-ing/i?/king；wing；sing；doing；makingye詞尾/ai/good-bye；bye-bye10.-ist/ist/list；fist；(四)元音字母o的組合oauboat；coat；road；goat；toadoardoi，-oy在重音時/?i/boiler；point；join；oilboy；toy；joy；loyal3.-oo一般/u:/soon；too；zoo；room；noon；food；mood；boot；moonlassroomu4.-or在重音時/?:/for；horse；important；morning；born-or在非重音時/?/monitor；doctor；professor；forget；forwards；forgive；conductor.dblackboard-oor還發(fā)/u?/poor7.-ore在重音時/?:/snore；more；before；foreign；forest8.-ou一般/au/shout；loud；round；foundtrycountrysidetrouble-ou還發(fā)/u:/wound；wounded9.-ough(t)發(fā)/?:(t)/ought；brought；bought；fought；thoughtf10.-oe/?u/toe；hoe；Joe11.-old/?uld/old；hold；cold；told12.-ost/?ust/post；most；host；ghost(*例外cost/?st/)ourourhour還發(fā)/?:/four；course；pour還發(fā)/u?/tour；gourd-our在詞尾(非重音)/?/colour；neighbour；favourite14.-ow在重音時/au/now；cow；down；how；town-ow在重音或非重音中/?u/low；yellow；below；follow；growtomorrow；window；widow；know；show(五)元音字母u的組合uejuargue；continuebiscuit.4.-ur在重音時/?:/turn；return；Thursday；nurse；purse在非重音時/?/surprise；Saturdayureju?/pure/ju?/；manure/ju?/；sure/u?/輔音字母一般都發(fā)字母本身音，只有一些是特殊的，下面試列舉如下:1.b在一般情況下/b/back；big；lab；brotherbicycle；cap；cut；class；grace/s/；Bruce/s/hickchalk/k/school；chemist；chemistry；chemical；ache；technologyeparachutemoustache-tch/t?/catch；match；fetch；hatch；butcher-ck/k/duck；luck；ticket；pocket；black；cock3.d在一般情況下/d/did；made；desk；duck；doubt；damagedr在元音字母前/dr/dry；dress；driver；drillgedbridgefridgejudgeedge4.f在一般情況下/f/five；flag；life；leaf在詞尾也發(fā)/g/big；egg；fig；flag-gh發(fā)/f/或/-/(*既不發(fā)音)/-/high；thought；light；brought/f/laugh；coughdgejudge而-gue在詞尾發(fā)/g/league；colleague6.h在一般情況下/h/help；behave；hello；hit；hurry7.j在一般情況下/d?/joy；judge；injure；journey；January；jar；just8.k在一般情況下/k/king；milk；kick；kiss；lock；knock9.l在元音字母前發(fā)/l/(*即“勒”音，供參考)light；look；let；lab；livel在輔音字母或詞尾時發(fā)/l/(*即“爾”音，供參考)cold；sell；chalk10.m在一般情況下/m/meet；meat；mother；come；make；Tom11.n在一般情況下/n/in；now；next；ton；nest或構(gòu)成合成詞，則n還要發(fā)音的autumnal；columnistnglishyoung發(fā)/?g/finger；younger；languagenk常發(fā)/?k/bank；sink；sank；sunk；ink；thankp在一般情況下/p/map；cap；people；pest-ph/f/photo；phantom；philosophy；physics；phraseniquechequequ一般發(fā)/kw/quarter；quick；quilt；quiet；quite；queen14.r在元音字母前才發(fā)音/r/(*即音同“略”供參考)room；read；rest；aroundr在輔音字母或詞尾前，一般不發(fā)音car；star；jarrh在元音字母前只發(fā)/r/rhyme；rhino；rhetoric15.s在詞首和詞尾、清輔音之前或之后，或者在詞尾同時在短元音之后，一般發(fā)/s/seesomesetsisterworkslipsnewspaperyes；this濁輔音(而書寫音標(biāo)的時候，還是寫成清輔音)，試舉例如下：schoolsku:l/，而習(xí)慣念成/sgu:l/street---音標(biāo)/stri:t/，而習(xí)慣念成/sdri:t/stubborn---音標(biāo)/‘st?bn/，而習(xí)慣念成/‘sd?bn/.nt/space---音標(biāo)/speis/，而習(xí)慣念成/sbeis/steal---音標(biāo)/sti:l/，而習(xí)慣念成/sdi:l/就是這樣，像這樣的單詞還有很多。這里只列舉這么多了。s在兩個元音之間或者在濁輔音和元音之間時，發(fā)/z/詞尾的s在濁輔音或元音之后(即在濁音之后)，發(fā)/z/s-sch一般情況下/sk/school；scheme(計劃)-sion一般情況下/?n/tension；succession在元音字母后/?n/decision；conclusion-sure在元音字母后/??/measure；pleasuretcut；let；ten；table；taste；發(fā)/e/that；with；this；these；tho