課下能力提高(九)閱讀理解AWhatdoliterarygreatsSirArthurConanDoyleandRobertBurnshaveincommon?TheybothlivedandwroteinEdinburgh,alongwithmanyotherbignamesinthefieldofliterature.ThisfacthelpedUNESCO(聯(lián)合國教科文組織)awardthecitythetitleofWorld'sFirstCityofLiteratureonOctober14.EdinburghleftalastingimpressiononArthurConanDoyle(1859－1930)．AlthoughhewasborntherehewenttoschoolinEnglandbutreturnedhomeformedicalschool.AftergraduatinghemovedtoLondonandbeganwritinghisSherlockHolmesstories.Hisinspirationforthecharactercamefromoneofhisprofessorsatuniversity.Holmes'methodsweresocleverthattheyactuallyfurtheredtheadvanceofthestudyofcriminology(犯法學)．RobertBurns(1759－1796)isstillregardedasScotland'snationalpoet,morethan200yearsafterhisdeath.HeiscelebratedallovertheworldthroughtranslationsofhisworkandtheannualBurnsNightsupperonhisbirthday.Oneofhissongs,MyLoveisLikeaRedRedRoseranksamongthefinestlovesongseverwrittenandAuldLangSyne(《友情地久天長》)issungallaroundtheworld.AsoneofthefirstliteratesocietiesinEurope,theScottishParliamentpassedtheworld'sfirstcompulsory(義務)educationlawin1496.Bythe1790s,almostallScotscouldread.VisitorstoScotlandoftenobservedthateventhelowestmembersofsocietyhadcopiesofBurns'poemsandotherbooks.語篇解讀：本文簡單介紹了蘇格蘭的文壇巨匠亞瑟·科南·道爾和羅伯特·伯恩斯以及蘇格蘭產(chǎn)生眾多文學巨匠的歷史淵源。1．EdinburghwasawardedthetitleofWorld'sFirst________.A．thefirstawardceremonyofliteraturewasheldthereB．manyliterarygreatslikeSirArthurConanDoyle

CityofLiteratureandRobertBurns

becausewerebornthereC．itleftadeepimpressionD．manyliterarygreatslike

onmanyliterarygreatsSirArthurConanDoyle

likeSirandRobert

ArthurConanDoyleBurnsoftenwroteaboutit分析：選B推理判斷題。依據(jù)第一段所表述的：文壇巨匠亞瑟·科南·道爾和羅伯特·伯恩斯與文學界的其余一些名人同樣，他們兩人都出生在愛丁堡，筆耕于愛丁堡。在這座城市里出生了許很多多的作家，正由于這濃烈的書香，聯(lián)合國教科文組織于10月14日把“世界首座文學之城”的榮譽授與了愛丁堡。2．ArthurConanDoylewasrememberedmainlyforhis________.A．detectivestoriesB．lovepoemsandsongsC．contributiontothestudyofcriminologyD．cleverwritingskills分析：選A推理判斷題。依據(jù)第二段中的內(nèi)容：亞瑟·科南·道爾創(chuàng)作了福爾摩斯故事系列，其探案方法被描述得特別巧妙，這讓犯法學研究也獲益匪淺，獲得了進一步的發(fā)展。由此推理他是以“偵探小說”而有名。3．InhonourofRobertBurns,________.A．MyLoveislikeaRedRedRoseandAuldLangSynearesungallaroundtheworldB．hisworksaretranslatedintomanylanguageseveryyearC．a(chǎn)celebrationisheldmorethan200yearsafterhisdeathD．a(chǎn)celebrationisheldeveryyearonhisbirthday分析：選D細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“HeiscelebratedallovertheworldthroughtranslationsofhisworkandtheannualBurnsNightsupperonhisbirthday.

”一句可知：每年，人們在他的壽辰日舉行“伯恩斯之夜”晚宴，以示紀念。4．Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlydiscussed________.A．theimpressionofvisitorstoScotlandB．howBurns'poemsarepopularinScotlandC．thepossiblehistoryreasonsformanyliterarygreatsinScotlandD．howtheworld'sfirstcompulsoryeducationlawwasmade分析：選C段落粗心題。依據(jù)最后一段所表述的意義：蘇格蘭之因此產(chǎn)生這么多的文學巨匠有其歷史淵源。短文中列舉了三個細節(jié)，蘇格蘭議會于

1496年經(jīng)過了世界上第一個義務教育法案。到

18世紀

90年月的時候，幾乎全部的蘇格蘭人都能識字了。

很多去蘇格蘭旅行的人發(fā)現(xiàn)，就連蘇格蘭的街市小民也在讀著伯恩斯的詩以及其余一些書。BShakespeare,moreperhapsthananyotherwriter,madefulluseofthegreatestresourcesoftheEnglishLanguage.MostofususeaboutfivethousandwordsinournormalemploymentofEnglish;Shakespeareinhisworksusedabouttwenty-fivethousand!ThereisprobablynobetterwayforaforeignertoappreciatetherichnessandvarietyoftheEnglishlanguagethanbystudyingthevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareusesit.Suchastudyiswellworththeeffort,eventhoughsomeaspectsofEnglishusage,andthemeaningofmanywords,havechangedsinceShakespeare'sday.However,itissurprisingthatweshouldknowcomparatively(相對地)littleaboutthelifeofthegreatestEnglishauthor.WeknowthatShakespearewasbornin1564inStratford-on-Avon,andthathediedtherein1616.Healmostcertainlyattendedthegrammarschoolinthetown,butofthiswecannotbesure.Weknowthathewasmarriedtherein1582toAnneHathawayandthathehadthreechildren.WeknowthathespentmuchofhislifeinLondonwritinghismasterpieces.Butthisisalmostallthatwedoknow.However,whatisimportantaboutShakespeare'slifeisnotitsdetailsbutitsproducts,theplaysandthepoems.FormanyyearsscholarshavebeentryingtoaddafewfactsaboutShakespeare'slifetothesmallnumberwealreadypossessandforanequallylongtimecritics(責備)havebeentheorizing(理論化)abouttheplays.Sometimes,indeed,itseemsthatthepoetryofShakespearewilldisappearunderthegreatmassofcommentthathasbeenwrittenup-onit.Fortunately,thisisnotlikelytohappen.Shakespeare'speoplehavelongdelightednotjusttheEnglishbutloversofliteratureeverywhere,andwillcontinuetodosoafterthescholarsandcriticsandalltheirworkshavebeenforgotten.語篇解讀：本文介紹了莎士比亞的平生及他的作品對后代的影響。5．What'sParagraph1mainlyabout?A．Thegreatvarietiesinwritingstyles.B．ThegreatlengthofShakespeare'sworks.C．TherichnessofthecontentinShakespeare'sworks.D．TherichEnglishlanguageusedbyShakespeareinhisworks.分析：選D段落粗心題。本段開頭點出莎士比亞較其余作家而言，對英語使用的最為充分，接著對其進行了例證，即其作品中的詞匯是常人使用的詞匯的5倍。由此可知D項正確。6．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingremainsuncertainaboutShakespeare?A．Hisdateofbirth.B．Hismarriage.C．Hislifeinthegrammarschool.D．Hisdateofdeath.分析：選C細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段第三句可知，莎士比亞有沒有上過文法學校不確定。因此選C項。7．WhatdoesthelastsentenceinParagraph3mean?A．Peopledon'tthinkthepoetryofShakespearegoodanymore.B．PeoplepaymoreattentiontothecommentthanthepoetryofShakespeare.C．Peoplecan'treadthepoetryofShakespeareanymore.D．ThecommentisprintedonthepoetryofShakespeare.分析：選B推理判斷題。在大批的議論之下，莎士比亞的詩歌看起來會消逝，由此可以看出人們過多地注意了議論而忽視了詩歌。8．“Shakespeare'speople”inParagraph4referstoA．thecharactersinShakespeare'sworksB．thepeoplelivinginShakespeare'sday

________.C．thereadersofShakespeare'sworksD．thepeoplewhosenativelanguageisEnglish分析：選A推理判斷題。該段從側(cè)面一定了莎士比亞的作品，是“莎士比亞作品中的人物”為英語增添了光彩，也使熱愛文學的人們感覺歡樂。CHaveyoueverheardofanoldsaying?Intelligenceisabornabilitywhilegoodnessisachoice.Giftsareeasy—they'regivenafterall.Choicescanbehard.IgottheideatostartAmazon16yearsago.IcameacrossthefactthattheInternetusagewasgrowingat2,300percentperyear.I'dneverseenorheardofanythingthatgrewthatfast,andtheideaofbuildinganonlinebookstorewithmillionsoftitleswasveryexcitingtome.Ihadjustturned30yearsold,andI'dbeenmarriedforayear.ItoldmywifeMacKenziethatIwantedtoquitmyjobandgotodothiscrazythingthatprobablywouldn'tworksincemoststart-upsdon'tboy,I'dbeenagarageinventor.I'dalwayswantedtobeaninventor,andshewantedmetofollowmypassion.IwasworkingatafinancialfirminNewYorkCitywithabunchofverysmartpeopleandIhadabrilliantbossthatImuchadmired.IwenttomybossandtoldhimIwantedtostartacompanysellingbooksontheInternet.HetookmeforalongwalkinCentralPark,listenedcarefullytome,andfinallysaid,“Thatsoundslikeareallygoodidea,butitwouldbeanevenbetterideaforsomeonewhodidn'talreadyhaveagoodjob.”Thatlogicmadesomesensetome,andheconvincedmetothinkaboutitfor48hoursbeforemakingafinaldecision.Seeninthatlight,itreallywasadifficultchoice,butfinally,IdecidedIhadtogiveitashot.Ididn'tthinkI'dregrettryingandfailing.AndIsuspectedI_would_always_be_haunted_by_a_decision_not_to_try_at_all.Aftermuchconsideration,Itookthelesssafepathtofollowmypassion,andI'mproudofthatchoice.Forallofus,intheend,weareourchoice.錯誤!9．Whatinspiredtheauthorwiththeideaofbuildinganonlinebookstore?A．Hisdreamofbeinganinventor.B．Thesupportofhiswife.C．ThegreatlyincreasingusageoftheInternet.D．Millionsofexcitingtitles.分析：選C細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段的“Igottheidea...theInternetusagewasgrowingat2,300percentperyear.I'dneverseenorheardofanythingthatgrewthatfast”可知，因特網(wǎng)使用率的快速增添激發(fā)了作者創(chuàng)立網(wǎng)上書店的想法。應選C。10．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A．Theideaofnottryingwouldkeepcomingtohismindanddisturbhim.B．Hewouldbeveryexcitedifhetrieditout.C．Hewouldb