InternationalOperationsNissanChemicalThifluzamideKeyFeatures–ThifluzamideSystemicFungicidePreventativeandcurativefungicidalefficacyVerysafetotreatedplantsLongresidualcontrolVeryeffectiveasGRagainstRiceSheathBlightNurseryboxtreatmentismajorapplicationinJapanModeraterisklevelofresistancedevelopmentLowriskagainstRhizoctoniaespeciallyKeyBackground–ThifluzamideDiscoveredbyMonsantooriginallySoldtoRohm&Haasin1994AddedtoDASfungicideportfolioin2001AcquiredbyNissanChemicalin2010RegisteredinmanycropsinmultiplecountriesTradeNames-Pulsor,Ikaruga,GreatamMammarianSafety-ThifluzamideAcuteOralLD50(rat): >6,500mg/kgAcuteDermal(rabbit): >5,000mg/kgAcuteInhalationLC50(rat): >5mg/LPrimaryDermalIrritation(rabbit): slightlyirritatingPrimaryEyeIrritation(rabbit): slightlyirritatingDermalSensitization(guineapig): notasensitizerNotteratogenic,notgenotoxic,notoncogenicAcceptableDailyIntake: RfD0.014mg/kgdailyEnvironmentalSafety-ThifluzamideAvianAcuteOralLD50 BobwhiteQuail&MallardDuck >2,250mg/kgAcuteDietaryLC50 BobwhiteQuail&MallardDuck >5,620mg/kgAvianReproduction BobwhiteQuail(NOEC/LOEC) 320/800mg/kg MallardDuck 800mg/kgFishAcuteToxicityLC50 RainbowTroutandBluegillSunfish 1.3ppm Carp 2.9ppmFishChronicAquatic RainbowTroutEarlyLifeStage 0.31(NOEC) 0.60(LOEC)AcuteToxicity Daphnia 1.4ppmAcuteOralToxicityLD50 Honeybee >1,000ppmAcuteOralToxicityLD50 Honeybee >100μg/beeAlgae(mg/L) 1.3EC50,1.0NOECEarthworm(mg/kg) >1,250mg/kgEnvironmentalFate-ThifluzamideStabletohydrolysisSoilphotolysis(half-life)ranges95–155daysVerylongsoilhalf-lifeandverystableLow–mediumsoilmobilityIn-VitroActivity-ThifluzamideFungusLC90(mg/L)Rhizoctoniasolani<1Rhizoctoniacerealis<1Sclerotiumrolfsii<10AlternariasolaniFusariummoniliformeSclerothiniasclerotiorumPyriculariaorizaePseudocercosporellaherpotrichoidesBotorytiscinereaVenturiainaequalis<10>10>10>10>10>10>10In-VivoActivity-ThifluzamideDiseases500mg/L100mg/L20mg/LRiceSheathBlightRiceBlastWheatSharpEyespotWheatLeafRustWheatGlumeBlotchBarleyPowderyMildewSpinachDownyMildewEggplantGrayMoldTomatoEarlyBlightBarleyNetBotchWheatFusarium+++-++++++---++++++-+++++++++-+++-++-+++++++:Excellentactivity-:NoactivityModeOfAction-ThifluzamidePreventenergyproductioninsensitivefungiInhibitsuccinatedehydrogenaseenzymewithintricarboxylicacidcycleoffungiModeratelevelofpotentialresistance,butpotentialexists Keytarget–RhizoctoniaisnotconsideredahighriskresistancedevelopmentpathogenSystemic–LongPersistencyAIconcentrationinriceplant(ppm)DAT

Treatedintonurserybox,andsheathcutat9cmheightaboveforaianalysisInfectedleavesinoculatedat9cmabovesheath,andcountinfectedheightThifluzamideabsorbedintoriceplantslowly,andtheconc.peakon~90daysTechnicalFeature-ThifluzamideProductThifluzamidePencycronValidamycinFlutoranilPreventive++++++++++Curative+++-++++LongPersistency+++++++++Rain-fastness++++++++++FalseS.Blight+++-+++++FoliarApplicationProductThifluzamideFlutolanilPreventive++++ApplicationRategai/ha8002,800LongPersistency+++++ApplicationWindow(DBH)*25-45around25PaddyWaterApplication*AppropriateapplicationtimingDaysBeforeHeadinginJapanCommercialization-ThifluzamideTradenameFormulationMaintargetandareaIkaruga*fingicide35%SCTurfinJapanBeamPrinceGreatamSBGRfungicideFipronil1%Thifluzamide3%Tricyclazole4%(Granule)RiceinJapanGreatmGRfungicide3%granuleRice,turfinSouthKoreaPulsor*fungicide23%w/vRiceinChina,potatoesinMexicoPulsor21%w/vRice,turfinSouthKorea,riceinTaiwanPulsor2SCfungicide240g/lSCRiceinColombia,corninVenezuelaPulsor240SCfungicide240g/lSCPotato,coffeeinBrazilPulsor23Ffungicide23%w/wRiceinVietnamJangta*SCfungicide7%w/wRice,strawberryinSouthKorea*

TrademarkofNissanChemicalIndustriesLtd.TechnicalFit(Potato)–ThifluzamidePotato–Blackscurf&Stemcanker(Mexico)

384–792gai/ha:240g/LSCin-furrowsprayoverthepotatoseedpiecespriortohillingpotatoseedpiecedippingTechnicalFit(Turf)–Thifluzamide

Turf(Japan)–35%SC

Largepatch(R.solani)525-1050gai/ha@x1000~2000(0.3L/sqm)RhizoctoniapatchdittoBrownpatch(R.solani)875gai/ha@x2000(0.5L/sqm)Fairlyrings875-1167gai/ha@x3000~4000(1L/sqm)

Typhulasnowblight

525-1050gai/ha@x1000~2000(0.3L/sqm)

TechnicalFit(OtherCrops)–ThifluzamideCereals

150gai/ha-SharpEyespot50-100gai/ha-RustUniqueactivity,MOACoffee250gai/ha-Rust

Peanuts400gai/haOrnamentals0.75gai/Ldrench

RiceSheathBlight-TaiwanProductRategai/haNo.ofspray0DAA25DAA60DAAYield(kg/ha)Pulsor240g/LSCPulsor240g/LSCPulsor240g/LSCPencycuron25WPUntreated-Check46.269.392