基于非晶合金的納米多孔金屬及其復(fù)合材料的制備和性能研究摘要

金屬材料一直以來是工業(yè)制造的重要組成部分，不斷的對其性能進行改進已成為了相關(guān)領(lǐng)域研究的一個重要方向。為此，本文采用非晶合金能夠提供的優(yōu)異熱穩(wěn)定性和塑性，結(jié)合納米多孔金屬及其復(fù)合材料的制備技術(shù)，研究了基于非晶合金的納米多孔金屬及其復(fù)合材料的制備方法、結(jié)構(gòu)特征及其性能。實驗結(jié)果表明，在一定范圍內(nèi)，非晶合金樣品的顯微硬度隨冷卻速率增加而增加；非晶合金的膜材料制備中，經(jīng)過優(yōu)化和調(diào)控外延過程條件和晶化參數(shù)，非晶態(tài)金屬膜的應(yīng)力可得到一定程度的控制；在給定條件下，相對于均質(zhì)多孔材料，非晶態(tài)多孔金屬的許多物理化學性質(zhì)都表現(xiàn)出了更好的特性，例如良好的化學穩(wěn)定性、高比表面積、優(yōu)異的催化性能，對于生物醫(yī)學、催化、傳感器等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用具有重要的指導(dǎo)價值。

關(guān)鍵詞

非晶合金；納米多孔金屬；復(fù)合材料；制備方法；性能研究

Abstract

Metalmaterialshavebeenanimportantpartofindustrialmanufacturing,andcontinuouslyimprovingtheirperformancehasbecomeanimportantdirectioninrelatedresearchfields.Therefore,thispaperutilizestheexcellentthermalstabilityandplasticityprovidedbyamorphousalloys,combinedwithpreparationtechnologyofnanoporousmetalsandtheircomposites,tostudythepreparationmethods,structuralcharacteristicsandperformanceofnanoporousmetalsandtheircompositesbasedonamorphousalloys.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatwithinacertainrange,themicrohardnessoftheamorphousalloysampleincreaseswiththeincreaseofcoolingrate;inthepreparationofamorphousmetalfilms,thestressofamorphousmetalfilmscanbecontrolledtosomeextentbyoptimizingandadjustingtheepitaxialprocessconditionsandcrystallizationparameters;undergivenconditions,manyphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofamorphousporousmetalsshowbettercharacteristicsthanthatofhomogeneousporousmaterials,suchasgoodchemicalstability,highspecificsurfaceareaandexcellentcatalyticperformance,whichhaveimportantguidingvalueforbiomedical,catalytic,sensorandotherfields.

Keywords

Amorphousalloy;Nanoporousmetal;Compositematerial;Preparationmethod;PerformanceresearcAmorphousporousmetalshavegainedsignificantattentionduetotheiruniquepropertiesandpotentialapplicationsinvariousfields.Thepreparationmethodsofamorphousporousmetalsincludedealloying,electrochemicaldeposition,andchemicaletching.Dealloyinginvolvesremovingoneormorecomponentsfromanalloybychemicaldissolution,leavingbehindaporousstructure.Electrochemicaldepositionandchemicaletchinginvolveselectivelydissolvingonecomponentofabinaryorternaryalloytocreateaporousstructure.Thesemethodsallowfortheprecisecontrolofporosityandmorphology,whicharecrucialfortailoringthepropertiesofamorphousporousmetals.

Amorphousporousmetalsexhibitimprovedpropertiescomparedtohomogeneousporousmaterials,suchasgoodchemicalstability,highspecificsurfacearea,andexcellentcatalyticperformance.Thehighspecificsurfaceareaprovidesalargenumberofactivesitesforcatalysisandadsorption,makingamorphousporousmetalsidealforcatalyticapplications.Theamorphousstructureofthesemetalsalsoprovidesbettercorrosionresistanceandmechanicalpropertiescomparedtocrystallinemetals.

Theuniquepropertiesofamorphousporousmetalsmakethempromisingcandidatesforvariousapplications.Inthebiomedicalfield,amorphousporousmetalscanbeusedasimplantsduetotheirgoodbiocompatibilityandmechanicalproperties.Inthecatalyticfield,theycanbeusedascatalystsduetotheirhighspecificsurfaceareaandexcellentcatalyticperformance.Theycanalsobeusedassensorsduetotheirhighsensitivitytochangesintheirenvironment.

Inconclusion,amorphousporousmetalshaveuniquepropertiesandpotentialapplicationsinvariousfields.ThepreparationmethodsandperformanceresearchofthesematerialsareimportantareasofstudyfordevelopingnewandimprovedmaterialsforawiderangeofapplicationsAmorphousporousmetalshavealsofoundpromisingapplicationsinthefieldofenergystorageandconversion.Duetotheirhighspecificsurfaceareaandexcellentelectrochemicalproperties,thesematerialscanbeusedaselectrodematerialsforbatteriesandsupercapacitors.Researchershavefoundthatamorphousporousmetalssuchasnickel,cobalt,andironcanexhibithighcapacity,highpowerdensity,andexcellentcyclingstabilityasanodesinlithium-ionbatteries.Similarly,amorphousporousmetalslikepalladiumandrutheniumcanserveashigh-performancecatalystsforoxygenreductioninfuelcells.

Moreover,amorphousporousmetalshavebeenexploredasmaterialsforhydrogenstorage.Researchershavefoundthatamorphousporousmetalslikenickelandcobaltcanexploittheirhighsurfaceareaandnanoporositytoadsorbhydrogenandstoreitathighdensities.Furthermore,amorphousporousmetalscanalsobeusedintheproductionofhydrogenfuelbycatalyzingreactionssuchassteamreformingandwatersplitting.

Sinceamorphousporousmetalsarerelativelynewmaterials,researchersarecontinuouslyexploringnewmethodsofcharacterizingandutilizingtheirproperties.AdvancedtechniquessuchasinsitutransmissionelectronmicroscopyandX-rayscatteringarebeingusedtobetterunderstandthestructure,properties,andbehaviorofthesematerials.Additionally,researchersareusingadvancedmodelingandsimulationtechniquestopredictandoptimizetheperformanceofamorphousporousmetalsinvariousapplications.

Insummary,amorphousporousmetalsareapromisingclassofmaterialsthatpossessuniquepropertiesandholdgreatpotentialinvariousfieldssuchascatalysis,sensing,energystorageandconversion,andhydrogenproduction.ContinuedresearchanddevelopmentwillunlockevenmoreapplicationsandopportunitiesforthesematerialsOneofthemostpromisingapplicationsforamorphousporousmetalsiscatalysis.Thesematerialshavealreadyshownexcellentcatalyticactivityforawiderangeofchemicalreactions,suchashydrogenation,oxidation,andpolymerization.Theuniqueporestructureofamorphousporousmetalsprovidesalargesurfaceareaandhighporosity,whichenablesmorereactantmoleculestocomeintocontactwithcatalyticsites.Additionally,theamorphousphaseofthesemetalsprovidesgreaterflexibilityinthecoordinationandbondingofreactantmolecules,whichenhancescatalyticactivity.

Anotherapplicationforamorphousporousmetalsisinthefieldofsensing.Thehighsurfaceareaofthesematerialsallowsfortheabsorptionofsmallgasmolecules,suchashydrogenandoxygen,whichcanbeusedforgassensingapplications.Additionally,theamorphousnatureofthesemetalsenablesgreatersensitivitytochangesinthelocalenvironment,makingthemidealforuseinsensorsthatdetectchangesintemperature,humidity,orpressure.

Amorphousporousmetalsalsoshowgreatpotentialintheareaofenergystorageandconversion.Thesematerialscanbeusedaselectrodesinbatteriesandfuelcells,wheretheirhighsurfaceareaandporosityenablemoreefficientchargeandiontransfer.Additionally,theamorphousphaseofthesemetalsallowsforgreaterflexibilityinthearrangementofatoms,enablinghighercapacityandlongerlifespanofenergystoragedevices.

Finally,amorphousporousmetalsarealsobeingdevelopedforuseinhydrogenproduction.Hydrogenisapromisingcleanenergysource,butitsproductionoftenrequirestheuseofexpensiveorenvironmentallydamagingprocesses.Amorphousmetalscanbeusedascatalystsfortheproductionofhydrogenfromwaterorotherrenewablesources,enablingmoresustainablehydrogenproduction.

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