)1、結(jié)構(gòu)及特征:動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動(dòng)詞原形”,有時(shí)可以不帶to。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),所以我們又稱(chēng)之為非謂語(yǔ)形式。動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留動(dòng)詞的2、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法:動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,在句子中TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.[說(shuō)明]動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),往往用it作形式主語(yǔ),這種句型可歸納為下面的Itis+adj.+動(dòng)詞不定式如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者,可以用for+sb.Itis+adj.+forsb.Todosth.2)作表語(yǔ)Mywishistobecomeateacher.3)作賓語(yǔ)Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Hetoldmetobehereontime.utthatthing6)作狀語(yǔ)Hestoppedtohavealook.[說(shuō)明]動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式:not+to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成kesuchamistake3、不定式的否定形式:Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…Tellhim___thewindow.A.toshutnot答案:B.tellsbtodosth的否定形式為tellsbnottodosth.4、動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用:疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which和疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,how,why不定式短語(yǔ),可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、例如:(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(不定式作主語(yǔ))(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.(不定式作表語(yǔ))5、省to的動(dòng)詞不定式e2)感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ),省略to。注意:在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能省掉。A.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.B.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.uldratherhadbetterdo【難點(diǎn)】6、不定式的特殊句型:Heistooexcitedtospeak.2)enoughtodo:足以做…Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3)Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議,翻譯為:"為什么不……?"Whynottakeaholiday?4)soas(not)todo:表示目的Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.dtodevoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于;be/getusedto2)It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.A.forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)erestingimpossible,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy,等:It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)是B.ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Itsveryniceofyoutohelpme真是太好了?！菊f(shuō)明】for與of的辨別方法:上通順用of,不通則用for。如:Youarenice.(通順,所以應(yīng)用of)。Heishard.(人是困難的,不通?；蛘?Tostudytwolanguagesishardforhim。因二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式:1.動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作動(dòng)名詞:動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式,由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成,它在句中起名詞的Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游seatingchocolatee[說(shuō)明]有些動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如:admit,finish,forgivegiveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keeponfeellikebeusedtolookforwardtopreferto等。)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)和形容詞的功能是相似的。動(dòng)名詞可以單獨(dú)例如:asmilingface笑臉swimmingpool游泳池dining-car餐車(chē)2.動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞:-ing分詞通常用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或者正在進(jìn)行。這種用法通常用在下列動(dòng)詞中:see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookobserveTherewefoundhimwatchingTV電視。2)Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人在敲門(mén)。1)共同點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式都被稱(chēng)之為非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),因此它之ing表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行。構(gòu)用在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)或介賓gtodostartdoingtodocontinuedoing4)動(dòng)名詞與不定式語(yǔ)義不同:A.stoptodostopdoingoingodorememberdoingddoingA.ofyoutodrawg[答案]:A。[解析]考查It's+形容詞+of/forsb.+todosth.句中it為形式主語(yǔ),todo是真正的主語(yǔ),當(dāng)形容詞是表示品質(zhì)意思時(shí),應(yīng)該用ofsb.,其他形容詞用forsb.,故此題答案為A?！究祭恳籌t'sabitcoldWouldyoumindmy______allthewindows?Doasyoulikeplease7淄博市]A.closeBwillcloseC.closingD.toclose[答案]C[解析]動(dòng)詞mind意為“介意”,后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí),應(yīng)使用ing形式。MaryandIenjoy____________badminton[07黔嶺東南州]A.toplayBplayingC.played[答案]B[解析]enjoy后跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ),即:enjoydoingSohotintheclassroomWouldyoumindthewindows?A.notclosingBnotopeningCclosingD.opening[答案]D[解析]mind是中考的重點(diǎn)考查詞匯,其后跟v—ing表示“介意……”。---Mr.Wang,Ihavetrouble_______thetext.一Remember____itthreetimesatleast.[威海市]A.tounderstand;readingBunderstanding;readingCunderstanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toreadatnight.[答案]C[解析]havetroubledoingsomething意為“做某事有困難”,所事”,rememberdoingsomething意為“記得做過(guò)某事”,由對(duì)話(huà)的語(yǔ)境可知,前者Howareyoufeelinghere--It'squitehot.Idon'tknowtogoorstay.[武漢]A.how是走還是留下來(lái)?！惫蔬xC。Manypeoplethinkit'sveryimportantuslearnEnglishwell.[貴陽(yáng)]A.for,to+todosth.句中it為形式賓語(yǔ),todo是真正的賓語(yǔ),”故此題答案為A。A.read;writtenThemenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican’tdecide__________.[河北]A.whattoeatt[答案]:A。[解析]考查“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“我不能MydadboughtmeanewMPbutIdontknow____________.---Let’sreadtheinstructions.[河南課改試驗(yàn)區(qū)]A.whattouseChowtouseititCertwoweeksthenovelsbyYandHongying.[濰坊]tetakessbsometimetodosth間做某事,novel與write的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞,表示被動(dòng)。故答案為。Driversarewarned________whentheyaretired.[佛山]A.todrive[答案]:C。[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。否定形式是在to前面加not。故選C。Ifyouwanttoknow_______themobilephone,you’dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.[大連]A.howtouseend使用手機(jī)的話(huà),你最好先看一看說(shuō)明書(shū)。”故選A。inawillspendaboutbillionyuannewairportsandoldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod(時(shí)期).[07臨沂市]ArepairingbuildingBtobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.tosomething意為“花費(fèi)……做某事”,由此可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。再?gòu)木湟馍峡?應(yīng)是3.studentsshouldpayattentionto___________theteacherinclass.[07泰州市]A.hearB1istentoClisteningtoDhearingof語(yǔ)式均可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),其區(qū)別是:不定式表未來(lái),【考例】Aliceaskedmeanotherbagforher.[北京市課標(biāo)卷]A.getksbtodosth為:“愛(ài)麗絲叫我給她再帶一個(gè)包?！監(jiān)urparentsoftentellusnotaloneintheriverinsummer.[長(zhǎng)沙]A.swim表示告訴某人做某事,tell后邊要加不定式,否定形式是在to前面加not,根據(jù)題意,應(yīng)選B。紹興]Whatdidyoursistersaytoyoulast紹興]---Sheaskedme_________myfatherhersecret.[A.totellnot[答案]:B。[解析]tellsb.todosth.表示告訴某人做某事,tell后邊要加不定式,否定形式是在to前面加not,根據(jù)題意,應(yīng)選B。Bettyisoftenseen_______theoldmanwithhishousework.[A.helphave等使役動(dòng)詞和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel咸寧]官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式必須加to。故選B。TimegoesbysofastWemustnevermissthechancetoshowloveforourparentsandmakethem__________howmuchtheymeantous.[濱A.toknow表示“使某人……”,故選C。HowdoyoufeelwhenyouseethenationalflagofChina?---Itmakesus________proud.[包頭]A.feelhave等使役動(dòng)詞和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。故選A。(2004江西省南昌)A.towash[答案]:A[命題立意]:本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法。試題解析]:作定語(yǔ)用的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),就用主動(dòng)式supermarketsomedrinks,OK?[重慶]A.buy級(jí)市場(chǎng)買(mǎi)些飲料?！眗derthewordafriendlyplaceonemustshowafriendlyface.[樂(lè)山]A.makessth.表示“為了……”的意思,不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故選C。一Theregoesthebell.一It'stimeforclass.Let'sstop州市]A.talkBtotalkC.talkingD.nottalk[答案]C[解析]動(dòng)詞stop后既可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),即:stoptodosth,ingstopdoingsth開(kāi)始)做后面的動(dòng)作,后者表示停止當(dāng)前的動(dòng)作。由語(yǔ)境“鈴響了,到了上課時(shí)間,應(yīng)停止交基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】Dontforget________theletter.A.tosendThechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.A.sitnIsnecessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.this4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.A.tosmoke5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boiling6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.A.buyLiYangadvisedme____toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrink8.He______twomillionyuan______avaseattheauction.A.spent,buyy9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.A.visittohimmsitinghimJohnwasmade______thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towash____isonething,________isquiteanother.A.Tosay,todoythesamemistakesagainA.tonotmakeeg13.It’stoohard________itbyhimself.A.nottodo14.It’stimeforsports.Let’s______bowling,shallwe?A.gooverweight,’saidthedoctor.A.nottoeat(二)用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:hhimyoumayhurtyourselfThestudentsarebusy__(prepare)forthecomingexam.3.Hisdutyis________(save)thesickpeople.4.Ihavenothing___________(send)you.5.Theyweremade___________(work)tenhoursaday.6.Nooneknowswhat___________(do)next.提高題】I.選擇題。Thedoctorcame____oureyes.A.toexamine2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_______hard.A.toworkourclassroomonceaweekisnecessaryA.Cleaning_____isourduty______goodservicetocustomersA.That,togive5.Ittookyears______thehighrise.A.forourbuilding6.Theirwishis_____ahouseoftheirown.A.tohave7.Theteacheragreed_____us_____thetestpapershome.A.tolet,take8.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_______mehisbicycle.A.lending9.Idon'tlike_______people_________abouttheirneighbours.A.hear,talkingalkA.totakewhichtrainotakeYoumustremember__meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.givingowntaughthisstudentsEnglishandhelearned______Chinesefromthem.A.howtospeak,speakingpeaking13.—Sorry,Iforgot_________youthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.—That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.A.tellingIwonder______himornot.A.ifinviteoinviteCtoinviteDiftoinviteIhope______yourself.A.youtomanage16.—Wouldyoulike________youthewaythere?—It'skindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowinghedpreferaloneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.A.livingvesIknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growSincenobodytoldher_____,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedido20.Myauntshowedme_____.A.howtomakeadressdressAftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried______moreexercises______.A.tofind,todoshedid22.ThepolicemantoldSmith______afterdrinking.A.tonotdrive23.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake_____losehisjob.A.sonotastot24.Patshouldlove______littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totaketake25.Weenjoy_verymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.A.run26.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turnitoffoffCthatIturneditoffouldturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped_______underabigtree.A.resting28.—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?—Notatall.A.thatyoutellme29.Hepromised______adoctorformyson.A.metoget30.Fathertoldtheboy______thedogafewbonesafterdinner.A.thathegaveD.gave.thatmoneyforhiseducationhisparentsworkedhardevenaftertheirday'swork.A.Forgetting32.Ithinkyouare_________mealsyourself.A.enougholdtocookrcooking33.Themathsproblemis_________difficult_________.A.so,astoworkoutoutLastnightIwassotiredthatIfellasleepsoon.Ididn'thearhimin.A.comingHaveyouanythingimportant___us?A.totellus36.—DoyouknowaboutCaptainEdMitchell?202—Yes.Hewasthesixthman_____onthemoon.A.walking37.Itisniceherso.A.for,tosayIsntitaniceway__thehardproblem?A.tosolve39.You'dbetter_________heraboutherownhealthnow.A.nottotell.Whatacoincidence!DrBrownhappenedthedoctorIwaslookingfor.A.hewase.2.B3.D4.C5.C8.C9.BCBBDBDD.B18.A19.C20.A21.A22.D23.B24.A25.B26.B27.B28.B29.A30.B31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A36.C37.C38.A39.B40.C題:2001-2010上海中考真題ephonesThemeetingwillstartinaminute7)A.toturnItstimeforsportsLet's________bowling,shallwe?(2006)A.goTomlikescarsHeenjoys___modelcarsofallkinds.(2005)A.collects4.Theheavysnowstormmadethemountainclimbers________halfway.A.stopInternetbarsmustntletpeopleunderinorletanybody________badthings.(2004)A.watchMrZhuyoudbetter_____toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,"saiddiedoctor.A.nottoeatDontalwaysmakeMichael________thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,"MrBushsaidtohiswife.AdoBtodoCdoesDdid8.Ifthelaunch(發(fā)射)in2005issuccessful,Chinawillbethethirdcountry________itsastronautsintospaceafterRussiaandtheUS.sendBsendsCsendingDtosend9.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly________belatefortheexam.A.inordertooedyinnkeeperoncemadethepoorherotwiceayA.dancereportonhowtoprotectwildalsA)writeB)writingC)towriteD)wrotehewomanfeelsthatsheshouldlethersonhisownecisionthistimeA)makesB)makeC)tomakeD)makingnallybecameapopularsingerafterhepracticed_________foryears.(09)A)singB)tosingC)singingD)sangtheemail10)A)writeB)towriteC)writingD)wroteeHistoryMuseumourteachertoldus_________thepublicrules.(10)A)obeyB)toobeyC)obeyingD)obeyed2007-2003年全國(guó)各省市mhotoutside.(2007南京)A.stay;playingytoplay2.—Bob,mayI________yourMP4?(2007福州)A.lend;lendrrow3.—Theregoesthebell.(2007福州)A.talk4.Aliceaskedme___anotherbagforher.(2007北京)A.getdyoumindmypetdogwhenIamoutA.takecareofeoftotakecareof6.—Whynot________musicclub?(2007重慶)Atojoinin7.—Linda,Iamverythirsty.A.buyD.buying(2007重慶)ThenewtermiscomingThestudentsarebusy_____theclassrooms.A.cleanD.cleaning(2006北京)shelikessingingsA.tosingD.sings(2006南通)10.Youaresobusy.