絕密★啟用前|2023年高考英語第二次模擬考試卷英語·全解全析（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：答卷前，考試務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上?；卮疬x擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)，回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分:聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A．Shehasbeenillforafewmonths.B．Sheisn’tworriedabouttheexam.C．Sheisself-confident.【答案】A【原文】M:Youlookworried.What’sthematter?W:Havingbeenillforafewmonths,I’mgoingtohaveahardtimepassingtheexam.2．Who’sJenny?A．Sheisastudent. B．Sheisateacher. C．Sheisadoctor.【答案】A【原文】M:DoesJennyplantogotosummerschool?W:No,shewantstoworkandsavesomemoneyinthesummer.M:That’sgood.Maybeshecanhelpandpaysomeoftheuniversityfeesnexttime.3．Whatdoesthewomanimply?A．Shehastoremovethevirus.B．Shecan’tmeetthedeadline.C．Shecan’tputupwiththecomputer.D．She’sinfectedwithacertaindisease.【答案】B【原文】M:Howisyourprojectgoingon?Thedeadlineisjustaroundthecorner.W:Mylap-topisinfectedwithavirusandallmyeffortsaregone.4．Whatdoesthemanthinkofridinginadriverlesscar?A．Economical. B．Dull. C．Threatening. D．Exciting.【答案】B【原文】W:Hey,doyouthinktechnologicaldevelopmentmaythreatenyourjob,especiallythedriverlesscarsreportedrecently?M:Well,driverlesscarsmaybesafer,butitwilltakeawaythefunofdriving.5．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A．Onabeach. B．Inahospital. C．Overthephone.【答案】C【原文】W:SanFranciscoGeneralHospital.M:Hello.Thisisanemergency.Canyoupleasesendanambulance?W:OK,OK.Justtrytocalmdown,sir.Andtellmewhereyouare.M:Right.Uh,weareatLaTraviataRestaurantinNorthBeach.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whowillbetheaudiencefortheman’spresentation?A．Histutor. B．Seniorstudents. C．Freshmen.7．Whereisthepresentationgoingtobeheld?A．Intheschoollibrary. B．Intheschooltheatre. C．IntheStudents’Union.【答案】6．C

7．B【原文】W:Frank,whyhaveyouborrowedsomanybooksfromthelibrary?M:Er,Ijusthavetomakeagoodpreparationformypresentation.W:Presentation?When?M:NextFridayafternoon.Andtherewillbe40first-yearstudentsthereasmyaudience,butmytutorwillbeonherbusinesstripthen.W:Andtheplace?M:WehadplannedtohaveitintheStudents’Union,butit’sundermaintenanceunfortunately,sotheschooltheatreisthefinaldecision.W:Isee.Comeon!Youwilldoagreatjob!M:Thankyou!聽第7段材料，回到第8-10題。8．Whatdidthemanprobablydobeforebecomingaphotographer?A．Ascientist.B．Aneditor.C．Adoctor.9．Whydidthemandecidetobeawildlifephotographer?A．Toprovideenoughphotosformagazines.B．Tohelpexpertsidentifyendangeredwildlife.C．Todrawpeople’sattentiontowildlifeprotection.10．Whatterrifiedthemanmost?A．Thelightningflashes.B．Theheightofthetower.C．Thedangerousanimals.【答案】8．B

9．C

10．A【原文】W:Andy,howdidyougetintonaturephotographyasaprofession?M:Afewyearsago,IwassenttoBrazilbythenewsmagazineIworkedfor,towriteanarticleaboutfindingnewmedicineintheAmazonrainforest.Whilethere,lotsofexpertstalkedtomeaboutthedangersfacinganimalsintherainforest,Iwantedtomakepeoplemoreawareoftheissue.Ifeltthatphotosofthewildliferatherthanwordswouldcreateastrongerimpressiononpeople,soItrainedasanaturephotographer.W:Wasitscary?M:Yeah.You’vegotlotsofdangerousanimalsintherainforest!ButIwassafebecauseIwasstandingontopofa30-metertower.Moreterrifyingthananything,though,wassittingonthisplatformwatchingflashesoflightning!W:Finally,whatwouldyousaytosomeoneseekingacareerinwildlifephotography?M:Magazinesarealwayslookingforimages.Iwouldsuggestwritingtoeditorstoseewhatsortofimagestheywant.Ifyouaregoodwithwords,youcansendinarticlestogowithyourphotos.聽第8段材料，回答第11-13題。11．Whatwillthemanwatchtonight?A．Afilm.B．Amusicprogram.C．Asportsevent.12．HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutthesportsprogramsonTV?A．She’stiredofthem.B．She’sinterestedinthem.C．She’sdisappointedinthem.13．WhatdoesthewomanpromisetodonextSaturdaymorning?A．Cheerfortheman.B．Gorunningwiththeman.C．Helpthemandohomework.【答案】11．C

12．A

13．A【原文】W:HelloJack.I’msurprisedtoseeyouhere,withthisbigsportseventonatthemoment.M:Oh,what’sonthisafternoondoesn’tinterestmemuch.I’msavingmyenergyfortheskijumpingthat’sontonight!Comeroundtomyhouseandjoinme.W:Thatsoundsgreat,andIdolikeit.I’mhopingtowatchaDVDathomewithfriends,though.Tobehonest,noteveryonewantstowatchsportsalldaylong,dothey?Myfavoritemusicprogramwasevencanceled!M:Yeah,evensportsfansneedachangesometimes.W:PeoplesaythathavingalotofsportsonTVgetspeopleouragetotrysports,butitdoesn’tseemtohavemucheffectonme!Igorunningeveryday…Well,maybejustattheweekendsnow.I’vegotsomuchschoolworktodo.M:I’vegotthesameproblem.ButhowaboutcomingtojointhesupporterswhenInextplayfootball?It’sonnextSaturdaymorning.W:HowcanImissthat?聽第9段材料，回到第14-17題。14．Whatisthemangoingtodothissummerholiday?A．Travelabroad. B．Gocamping. C．Visithisaunt.15．Wherewillthewomanspendhersummerholiday?A．InSpain. B．InChina. C．InAustralia.16．Whattroubledidthemanhaveabroadlasttime?A．Hecouldn’tspeakChinese.B．Hefailedtoreachhismates.C．Hecouldn’tunderstandthelocallanguage.17．Whatwillthemanhavetoworkon?A．Math. B．Painting. C．Chinese.【答案】14．B

15．B

16．C

17．A【原文】W:Hi,Nathan.M:Hi,Emily.Nearlythesummerholiday!W:Yeah.Areyougoinganywherewithyourfamily?M:WearegoingthisbigtriptoAustralianextyear,somyparentshavedecidedonacampingtriphereinSpain.Actually,mycousinstayedatagoodcampsiteearlierthisyear,sowearegoingthere.W:Cool.Well,thisyearmymumhasdecidedwearegoingtovisitmyauntwhoisworkinginChina,butwewillbeawayalongtimeandIwon’tseemyfriends.M:DoyouknowChinese?W:Afewwords.M:Lasttimewewentabroad,wehadsometrouble.Wheneverweaskedpeoplefordirections,wecouldn’tunderstandwhattheyweresaying.W:Oh,Ihopethatwon’thappentous.Anyway,howareyouspendingtherestoftheschoolholiday?M:Mydadsayshewantsmetohelpwithsomepainting.W:That’sapain.M:Idon’tmindmuch,aslongasthereisstilltimetoseemymates.Theannoyingthingis,becausemymathgradewasn’ttoogoodthisyear,hehastoldmeIhavetoworkonitthissummer,too.聽第10段材料，回到第18-20題。18．Whyisthespeakergivingthetalk?A．Toraisemoney. B．Toencouragehisstaff. C．Toapplyforajob.19．Howlonghasthespeakerworkedin3Dprinting?A．Oneyear. B．Ayearandahalf. C．Fouryears.20．Whatisthespeaker’snewbusiness?A．Making3Dprinters. B．Inventing3Dprinting. C．Offering3Dprintingservice.【答案】18．A

19．B

20．C【原文】Allgreatcompaniesstartwithagreatideaandvision.LikeMicrosoft,AppleandTencent,someoftoday’smostsignificantcompaniesstartedwithoutlargeofficespaces.MicrosoftandApplewereevencreatedingarages!Now,Icannotpromisethesuccessofthesecompanies,butIcansharemystoryandvision.Ifyouconnectwiththisplan,wecandiscussthebigstep—puttingmoneyintomycompany.First,Ispentfouryearsstudyingcomputerengineering.Throughthiseducation,Idevelopedmyplantohelpothersthroughtechnology.Second,Igotajobin3Dprinting.Foranyoneunfamiliarwithit,thistechnologyisusedtoeasilyprintandcreatetools,medicalsupplies,clothing,etc.Butsofar,it’smainlybeenusedasatoolforfactories.So,whatifthistechnologywasavailabletoall?Afterjust18monthsofworkingin3Dprinting,thisquestionbecamemyinspiration.Withyourhelp,wecancreate3Dprintingcentersworldwide.Usinganapplication,individualcustomerscancreateandorderanything.Immediately,theiritemscanbeproducedandpickeduplocally.Thisindustryisexpectedtohelpcountlesspeopleintheprocess.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADelhi’snightlifeisvaried,andyoucanfindthegreatestbarsandclubsinthegreathotels.KittySuFamousforhostingwell-knowninternationalelectronicmusicperformances,KittySuisdeckedout(被裝飾)fordancingandrockmusic.Thesoundequipmentisoftopquality,andthevariousbarsmeanthatyoudon’thavetowaitlongtogetadrink.Theclub’sfashionabledecorationaddsatmospheretotheparty.Notsurprisingly,KittySuhasbeenfrequentlynamedDelhi’sbestnightclubsinceitopenedin2011.Address:TheLalitHotel,BarakhambaAvenue.Phone:(11)4444-7666.OpeningHours:Wednesday,FridayandSaturday,10p.m.until3a.m.TheBlueBarTheelegantBlueBarhasapleasantatmosphere,withbothindoorandoutdoorseating.Ifyou’reintococktails,comehere.Itaffordsthebestofthecity!There’smusicanddancingafter11p.m.Address:TajPalaceHotel,DiplomaticEnclave.Phone:(11)6650-3699,(11)6650-3665.OpeningHours:12:30p.m.until1:45a.m.TamashaTamashaopenedintheearly2016,andisspreadover16,000squarefeetandhasthreefloors.Thebarappearinglikeatruckattheentrancegetstoppointsforinnovation.Deliciousfoodandcocktails,alongwithgreatmusic,addtothecharmofthetamasha(meaning“agrandshow”).Address:28KasturbaGandhiMarg,ConnaughtPlace.Phone:99994-77661(cell).OpeningHours:Noonuntil1a.m.SummerHouseCaféSummerHouseCaféwasinspiredbytheactivityinsummervacations,barbecuingonthelawn(草坪)withcoldbeer.Thisbarhasbothindoorandoutdoorseatingovertwolevels,withsuperbrooftop.Notsurprisingly,itgetsverycrowded.Don’tmissit!Address:1stFloor,DDAShoppingComplex.Phone:93509-67000(cell).OpeningHours:Noonuntil1a.m.21．WhatdoweknowabouttheBlueBar?A．It’slocatedinConnaughtPlace B．Itservesgoodcocktails.C．Itispaintedblue. D．Itisanoutdoorbar.22．WhatmakesTamashaunusual?A．Itsfantasticmusic B．Itsspecialname.C．Itscreativityforfoods. D．Itsarchitecturalshape.23．WhatcanweinferaboutSummerHouseCafé?A．Liveelectronicmusicisplayed. B．Youcanhaveabarbecueindoors.C．Itgainspopularitywithpeople. D．Itonlyopensontheweekends.【答案】21．B

22．D

23．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。德里的夜生活豐富多彩，你可以在一流的酒店里找到最棒的酒吧和俱樂部。文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了介紹。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句和第三句“Ifyou’reintococktails,comehere.Itaffordsthebestofthecity!(如果你喜歡雞尾酒，來這里。它提供了這個(gè)城市最好的！)”可知，藍(lán)色酒吧供應(yīng)不錯(cuò)的雞尾酒。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“Thebarappearinglikeatruckattheentrancegetstoppointsforinnovation.(入口處看起來像卡車的酒吧因創(chuàng)新而獲得最高分。)”可知，它的建筑形狀使塔瑪莎與眾不同。故選D。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒第二段倒第二句“Notsurprisingly,itgetsverycrowded.(毫無疑問，它會(huì)變得非常擁擠。)”可知，避暑別墅Café很受人們的歡迎。故選C。BYoudon’tneedtobeawhaleexperttoknowthattheselargeanimalsaremostathomeinthedepthsoftheworld’smanyoceans.Youmaynotbesurprisedthen,thattherewerenosurvivorswhen477pilotwhalesbecamestuckonNewZealand’sremoteChathamIslandsinOctober.Itwasoneofthecountry’slargestmassstranding(擱淺)incidents.Whereasinthepastlocalauthoritieswereabletoquicklymobilizeteamstotryandrescuethewhales,thatidealresultwasimpossiblethistime.InapostpublishedbytheNewZealandwhaleprotectionnon-profitorganizationProjectJonah,thegrouphighlightedthemanydifficultiesinvolvedinanyattemptatsavingthewhales.TheremoteChathamIslandshaveasmallpopulation,meaningtrainedmedicswouldbeunabletogettothesceneintime.Inadditiontherewasariskposedbypredatorsattractedtothebeachwhichthreatenedbothrescueteamsandanyothersurvivingwhales.Duetothesefactors,thewhalesthatmanagedtosurviveforawhileonshorehadtheirdreamsofreturningtotheoceancutshort.Thedecisionwasfinallymadetoeuthanize(安樂死)alloftheremaininglivingwhalesonthebeach.ThegeneralmanagerofProjectJonah.DarenGrover,describedtheoutcomeas”heartbreaking“,accordingtotheNewYorkPost.Thiseventtookplacelessthanamonthafter230whaleswerefoundstrandedontheAustralianislandofTasmania.Fortunately,about30ofthoseanimalswereabletobesavedintimebylocalauthorities,accordingtoNPR.Thecauseofthesemassstrandingeventsisnotclearatthemoment,althoughvarioustheorieshavebeenraised.Groversaidthattheremaybeanissuewiththeanimals’echolocationability-thesensethatallowsthemtonavigate(引航)throughthewater.24．Whycouldn’tthelocalauthoritiesrescuethewhalesthistime,accordingtoProjectJonah?A．Thenumberofstrandedwhaleswastoolarge.B．Themajorityofwhaleswereseriouslyinjured.C．TheislandwasremoteanddangerousforrescueteamsD．Trainedmedicsintheareawereallalreadybusy.25．What’sGrover’sattitudetowardtheoutcomeofthisstrandingincident?A．Angry. B．Sad. C．Doubtful. D．Worried.26．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．About30whalesweresuccessfullysavedthistime.B．Thiswhalestrandingincidentcouldhavebeenavoided.C．Masswhalestrandingincidentsareacommonevent.D．Thecauseofmassstrandingeventsremainsamystery.27．Whereareyoumostlikelytoreadthisarticle?A．Inabookreview. B．Inatraveljournal.C．Inaleaflet. D．Inanewspaper.【答案】24．C

25．B

26．D

27．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了新西蘭數(shù)百只鯨魚擱淺后被安樂死。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheremoteChathamIslandshaveasmallpopulation,meaningtrainedmedicswouldbeunabletogettothesceneintime.Inadditiontherewasariskposedbypredatorsattractedtothebeachwhichthreatenedbothrescueteamsandanyothersurvivingwhales.(遙遠(yuǎn)的查塔姆群島人口稀少，這意味著訓(xùn)練有素的醫(yī)療人員無法及時(shí)到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。另外，由被吸引到沙灘上的捕食者而帶來的危險(xiǎn)威脅著救援人員和其他仍然幸存的鯨魚)”可知，地方救援隊(duì)無法安全到達(dá)的原因一是距離太遠(yuǎn)，二是有潛在的危險(xiǎn)，故選C項(xiàng)。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ThegeneralmanagerofProjectJonah.DarenGrover,describedtheoutcomeas”heartbreaking“(Jonah.DarenGrover項(xiàng)目總經(jīng)理描述這次對(duì)事故的處理結(jié)果為：令人心碎)”可知，Grover對(duì)這次擱淺事故感到傷心，故選B項(xiàng)。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Thecauseofthesemassstrandingeventsisnotclearatthemoment(目前，這次大面積擱淺事故的原因尚不清楚)”可知，擱淺事故的原因仍然是個(gè)謎，故選D項(xiàng)。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“therewerenosurvivorswhen477pilotwhalesbecamestuckonNewZealand’sremoteChathamIslandsinOctober.(10月份，477頭巨頭鯨在新西蘭遙遠(yuǎn)的查塔姆群島擱淺后無一幸存)”提出了話題，后面段落對(duì)這一話題進(jìn)行了原因分析，可知這是一個(gè)新聞報(bào)道，最有可能是報(bào)紙中的選文，故選D項(xiàng)。CClotheswereonceuseduntiltheyfellapart-repairedandsewedtobere-used,endingtheirlivesasdishcloths.Nottoday.Clothing,footwearandupholsteredfurnitureareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonabandonedandreplaced.‘Fastfashion’issocalledpartlybecausethefashionindustrynowreleasesnewlineseveryweek,whenhistoricallythishappenedfourtimesayear.Today,fashionbrands(品牌)producealmosttwicetheamountofclothingthattheydidin2000.Butincredibly,morethan50billionclothesaredesertedwithinayearofbeingmade.Thetrendishavinganastonishingenvironmentalimpact.Takewater.Thefashionindustry,oneoftheworld’slargestusersofwater,consumesanywherefrom20trillionto200trillionlitreseveryyear.Besides,plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纖維)andotherpolymer-basedtextiles(紡織物),andmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicroplasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicalsusedtomakefabricsdirtresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturing(制造)processes,especiallyrecycling.Thereisworktobedoneforresearchersonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.Mostusedtextilesgotolandfill(廢物填埋場(chǎng)),inpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.Differentfibresarenoteasytoidentifybyeye,andoverallsuchmanualprocessesaretime-consuming.Machineryisbeingdevelopedthatcanhelp.Technologiesalsoexisttorecycleusedfibreschemicallyandtocreatehigh-qualityfibresthatcanbereusedinclothing.Butthesearenowherenearthescale(規(guī)模)needed.Anotherchallengeforresearchersistoworkouthowtogetconsumersandmanufacturerstochangetheirbehaviour.Smallstepsaregood,butbigchangesareneeded.Theshamefulenvironmentalcostofanewcupboardneedstobetackledimmediately,atscale,withstyle.28．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Clothesshouldbeuseduntiltheyfallapart.B．Fashionbrandsarereplacedwithnewonesfrequently.C．Fastfashionleadstoasignificantincreaseinfashionwaste.D．Fashionbrandsproducetwicemoreclothingthannecessary.29．Accordingtotheauthor,whatdoesthecirculareconomyfocuson?A．Improvingtheproductionofnaturaltextiles.B．Studyinghowfastfashionaffectstheenvironment.C．Releasingnewlinesfourtimesayearinsteadofeveryweek.D．Makingdurablethingsandexpandingthetechnologiesforrecycling.30．Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A．Consumersarefondofchemicallyrecycledfibres.B．Systemsthatcollect,recycleandreuseareinsufficient.C．Manualseparationoffibresispreferredbymanufacturers.D．Environmentdamageismainlycausedbyusingchemicals.31．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureoffashionindustry?A．Bigchangesareneededtofollowfashionstyles.B．Hugestepsshouldbetakenfortheneedsofconsumers.C．Moreshouldbedonetodealwiththeheavyenvironmentalcost.D．Consumersandmanufacturerswillchangetheirbehaviourimmediately.【答案】28．C

29．D

30．B

31．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“快時(shí)尚”潮流給環(huán)境所帶來的危害，以及研究人員為了避免環(huán)境危害嘗試的措施。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Clothing,footwearandupholsteredfurnitureareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonabandonedandreplaced.(人們?cè)絹碓筋l繁地購買衣服、鞋類和軟墊家具，然后扔掉，換上新的時(shí)裝，而這些時(shí)裝本身很快又被拋棄和替換。)”以及第二段中“Today,fashionbrands(品牌)producealmosttwicetheamountofclothingthattheydidin2000.Butincredibly,morethan50billionclothesaredesertedwithinayearofbeingmade.(如今，時(shí)尚品牌的服裝產(chǎn)量幾乎是2000年的兩倍。但令人難以置信的是，超過500億件衣服在制作完成后的一年內(nèi)被丟棄。)”可以推斷，快時(shí)尚導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚浪費(fèi)的顯著增加。故選C。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturing(制造)processes,especiallyrecycling.(這至少涉及兩件事：重新專注于制造耐用的物品，從而鼓勵(lì)重復(fù)使用；并更迅速地?cái)U(kuò)展可持續(xù)制造過程的技術(shù)，特別是回收利用。)”可知，循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)注重的是制造耐用的物品，從而鼓勵(lì)重復(fù)使用；并更迅速地?cái)U(kuò)展可持續(xù)制造過程的技術(shù)，故選D。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“

Mostusedtextilesgotolandfill(廢物填埋場(chǎng)),inpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.

(大多數(shù)用過的紡織品都被扔進(jìn)了垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系統(tǒng)相對(duì)較少。這種回收需要手工分離纖維，以及紐扣和拉鏈。)”可知，大多數(shù)用過的紡織品都被扔進(jìn)了垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系統(tǒng)相對(duì)較少。故選B。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Smallstepsaregood,butbigchangesareneeded.Theshamefulenvironmentalcostofanewcupboardneedstobetackledimmediately,atscale,withstyle.(一小步是好的，但大的改變是必要的。快時(shí)尚所帶來的令人羞恥的環(huán)境成本需要立即大規(guī)模、有格調(diào)地加以解決。)”可知，就長遠(yuǎn)來看，我們需要做出大的改變是十分必要的，因此人類應(yīng)該采取更多措施來應(yīng)對(duì)“快時(shí)尚”所帶來的沉重的環(huán)境代價(jià)。故選C。DWhenIgivepubliclecturesabouttheclimatecrisis,themostcommonquestionpeopleposeis:“Areyouanoptimistorapessimist?”Myanswerisyes.Californiahasachieveddramaticemissionsreductionsinathrivingeconomy,whichmakesmehopeful,yetingeneralthefossil-fuelindustryisdeterminednottochange.Thesecondmostcommonquestionis:“WhatcanI,personally,do?”That’satoughone.Themajordriversofclimatechangearecollectiveenterprisessuchaspowergrids,industry,large-scaleagricultureandtransportationsystems.Substantialemissionsreductionsinthesesettingsmostlikelywillnotcomefrompersonalactions;theywillcomefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbon-pricingsystems,revisedbuildingcodesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.Somepeoplehavearguedthatcallsforindividualactionactuallydistractusfromcorporateresponsibility.Thatcouldexplainwhythefossil-fuelindustryisfondofsuchrequests.OilgiantBPpopularizedandpromotedtheideaofacarbonfootprint,deflectingattentiontoitscustomerswho,itsuggests,shouldtakepersonalresponsibilitybyloweringtheircarbonfootprints.Onestudyfoundthatfocusingonindividualactivityactuallyunderminessupportformoreeffectivepolicyinitiativessuchasacarbontax.Anotherproblemwithpersonalbehavioristhatpeopledonotliketobetoldwhattodo.Yetindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.Oneeffectiveact,andonethatcanbeamplified,istoeatlessredmeat.CuttingmeatconsumptionisapowerfulandpersonalthingmostAmericanscandototackletheclimatecrisis,andtheycandoitimmediately.About40percentofgreenhousegasescomefromagriculture,deforestationandotherland-usechanges.Meat—particularlybeef—drivesclimatechangeintwoways:first,throughcows’emissionofmethane,apotentgreenhousegas,andsecond,bydestroyingforestsastheyareconvertedtograzinglandtosatisfytheglobaldemandforbeef.Byeatinglessbeef,wecanstarttodecreasethatdemand.Youdonothavetobecomeavegantodothis.IfeverypersonintheU.S.cuttheirmeatconsumptionby25percent,itwouldreduceannualgreenhousegasemissionsby1percent.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot,butitwouldhelpprotecttherainforest,sothepositiveeffects—includingreducedwaterandfertilizeruse,improvedbiodiversityandsafeguardedrightsofindigenouspeoples—wouldbeamplified.Perhapsmostimportant,socialactioniscontagious—inagoodway.Iflotsofusbegintoeatlessmeatandifwetalkaboutitconstructively,wewilllikelyinfluenceothers.Prettysoonthe1percentreductionbecomes2percentormore.Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetterproduce,makingiteasierformeandmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeat-freemeals.Ultimatelychangesindemandwillinfluenceindustry.Fortyyearsagofewmainstreamsupermarketscarriedorganicproducts;nownearlyalldo.Consumerdemanddidthat.Cuttingbackonredmeatalsohastheaddedbenefitofbeinggoodforyourhealth.SowhileIwouldn’tadvisegovernmentstoorderpeopletostopeatinghamburgers,ifanyoneasks,“WhatcanIdo?”asimpleandaccurateansweris:“Eatlessmeat.It’sinyourcontrol,andyoucanbeginrightnow.Itbenefitsbothyouandtheplanet.”32．Whichoneplaysthemostdecisiveroleinemissionsreductionsaccordingtothepassage?A．Individualactions. B．Fossil-fuelindustries.C．Thethrivingeconomy. D．Effectivelawsandpolicies.33．Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A．Indigenouspeoplesturnforestsintograzingland.B．Meatisconsideredasthebiggestdriverofclimatechange.C．Smallindividualactscanmakeabigdifferencecollectively.D．MostAmericanshavetobecomeveganstotackletheclimatecrisis.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contagious”inParagraph6mean?A．Appealing. B．Poisonous. C．Harmonious. D．Spreading.35．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorwritingthispassage？A．Toexplainwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.B．Topersuadepeopletocutmeatconsumption.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofhealthyeatinghabits.D．Toargueagainsttheemissionpoliciesofindustries.【答案】32．D

33．C

34．D

35．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了通過個(gè)人的努力，也可以為減少碳足跡貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“theywillcomefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbon-pricingsystems,revisedbuildingcodesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.(它們將來自法律和政策，如碳定價(jià)體系、修訂的建筑法規(guī)和對(duì)綠色投資的支持。)”可知，有效的法律和政策在減排中起決定性作用。故選D。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Yetindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.(然而，個(gè)人行為可以發(fā)展成有影響力的群體活動(dòng)。)”及下文所舉少吃肉的例子可推斷，小的個(gè)人行為可以產(chǎn)生大的影響。故選C。34．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetterproduce,makingiteasierformeandmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeat-freemeals.(如果我們很多人開始少吃肉，如果我們建設(shè)性地談?wù)撍?，我們很可能?huì)影響其他人。很快，1%的減少就變成了2%或更多。)”可知，社會(huì)行動(dòng)具有傳染性。所以contagious為“感染性的；傳播性的”之意。故選D。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“SowhileIwouldn’tadvisegovernmentstoorderpeopletostopeatinghamburgers,ifanyoneasks,“WhatcanIdo?”asimpleandaccurateansweris:“Eatlessmeat.It’sinyourcontrol,andyoucanbeginrightnow.Itbenefitsbothyouandtheplanet.”(所以，雖然我不會(huì)建議政府下令人們停止吃漢堡包，但如果有人問：“我能做什么?”一個(gè)簡單而準(zhǔn)確的回答是:“少吃肉?！币磺卸荚谀愕恼瓶刂?，你現(xiàn)在就可以開始。這對(duì)你和地球都有好處?！?”及全文可推斷，作者寫這篇文章的目的是解釋如何通過個(gè)人努力減少碳足跡的方法。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.___36___Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?___37___Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.___38___Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”___39___Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河比賽),wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.___40___AnA-teammayrequireabalance--notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.A．It’snotasimplemattertodeterminethenature