高考英語語法---虛擬語氣劃重點(diǎn)在動(dòng)詞wish后面的賓語從句中，表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其動(dòng)詞形式有三種（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。IwishIhadtimetoread.（2）表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，或表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的一件遺憾事，謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞"。IwishIhadstudiedveryhard.（3）表示將來難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的或很可能相反的愿望，謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。Iwishhewouldbemorecareful.Iwishhewoulddothejobbetter.ShewishesIwouldgowithher.虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法（if條件句下的虛擬語氣）從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式，should+動(dòng)詞原形，wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形終點(diǎn)l.Without（沒有）,butfor（要不是）,otherwise（否^）,這些詞可以表示某種假設(shè)情況從而省略條件旬Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.=Iwasbusylastweek,ifIhadnotbeenbusylastweek,IwouldhavecometoseeyouWithoutelectricity,humanlifequitedifferenttoday.對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行虛擬A.isB.WillbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeButfortheParty,heofhunger30yearsago.對(duì)過去進(jìn)行虛擬A.wouldhavedied|B.woulddieC.mustdieD.musthavediedIwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseIyourbitrhdayparty.對(duì)過去進(jìn)彳亍虛擬A.AttendedB.haveattendedC.WouldattendD.wouldhaveattended練習(xí)Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewemoreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited【答案】D重點(diǎn)2.省略連詞if的虛擬條件句中（易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)☆☆☆）如果把連接條件從句的連詞if省略，必須將從句的謂語部分的助動(dòng)詞had,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should或系動(dòng)詞were等移至主語之前，構(gòu)成倒裝語序?！钪C音記憶：（還had屬should我were）Hadheknownmyaddress（=Ifhehadknownmyadress_）,hewouldhavevisitedmeearlier.②ShouldImeetJayZhousomeday（=If_IshouldmeetJayZhou）,ImighttellhimthatIlikehim.③WereIyou（=If__Iwereyou_）,Iwouldgetonwellwithmyteachersandclassmates.重點(diǎn)3.在asif,asthough方式狀語從句中（基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)^☆☆）在asif/though后的方式狀語從句中，表示某種情況與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式；表示即將發(fā)生的情況“用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”；表示某種的情況有過去的事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。Thecoachalwaystreatstheplayersasifhewere（be）theirownfather.Herheadfeltasifit__hadburst__（burst）.Garywasbehavingasthoughnothinghadhappened（happen）.有時(shí)：asif/though從句描述的是事實(shí)，則用陳述語氣。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Itsoundsasthoughshehasbeenreallyill.重點(diǎn)4如果是真實(shí)事實(shí)，那么用正常的陳述語氣。例如Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.（確實(shí)要下雨）。5.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshesing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.（她確實(shí)不會(huì)唱歌）A.couldn’tB.shouldn’tC.can’t|D.mightnot重點(diǎn)五：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作并不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式并不完全按照上述表格形式進(jìn)行，而需要按照各自的時(shí)間來調(diào)整，這樣的句子就叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhavebeenallrightthen.如果你那時(shí)聽了醫(yī)生的話，你那時(shí)就好了.（主句與從句發(fā)生的時(shí)間同時(shí).）Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice（then）,youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你那時(shí)聽了醫(yī)生的話，你現(xiàn)在就好了.（主句與從句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，應(yīng)按照主句與從句各自的時(shí)間做調(diào)整.）Ifyouhadwateredthemmore,thecropswouldhavegrownstillbetter.（表示對(duì)過去的虛擬）如果你早就給莊稼多澆些水，他們就會(huì)長得更好Ifyouhadwateredthemmore,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.如果你再給莊稼多澆些水，他們會(huì)長得更好.（指現(xiàn)在長得更好.）如果到現(xiàn)在我還沒有寫完作文，我明天就還得寫它.（從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，主句表示與將來事實(shí)相反.）IfIhadn’tfinishedmycompositionbynow,Iwouldbeworkingonittomorrow.如果他昨天把功課都準(zhǔn)備好的話，他現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么困難.Ifhehadpreparedwellforhislessonsyesterday,hewouldn’thavesomanydifficultiesnow.重點(diǎn)六：在“It+be+某些形容詞或過去分詞+that”的句型中，主語從句中的動(dòng)詞形式常用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。常用的形容詞有：necessary,important,impossible,natural,strange常用的過去分詞通常是表示建議，要求，命令等suggestd,required,requested,demanded,ordered,desired,advised,...Itisnaturalthatheshouldsayso.Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbediscussedatonce.重點(diǎn)七.表示建議.要求.命令類的名詞性從句一堅(jiān)持.insist二命令,order,command三建議,advice,suggest,propose,四要求demand,require,request,desire，通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。Should可以省略.Hesuggestedthatweshouldvisitthepalacerightaway.Sheproposedthatthemeetingbeputoff.Heorderedthattheyshouldstartoffimmediately.Idemandedthatheshouldanswermeatonce.在表示建議，要求，命令等名詞之后的表語從句，同位語從句中，通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。這些名詞有：idea,proposal,ordersuggestion,decesion,adviceHisproposalisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethefirsttogo.重點(diǎn)八:在“It’s(about,high)time+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式表示一種建議，意思是“該做某事了”。Youlooksotiredtonight.It’stimeyouwenttobed.It’shightimeyougotup.Itistimewestartedoff.重點(diǎn)九ifonly句型“要是…該多好啊！”謂語動(dòng)詞用法同wish,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，過去完成式，或would/could/shoud/might+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語氣。IfonlyIcouldseehimnow.IfonlyIhadn’tlostit.重點(diǎn)十：wouldrather/hadrather后跟從句，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或者將來的虛擬，用過去完成式表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。IwouldratheryoucametomorrowI’dratheryouhadn’tacceptedtheirinvitationyesterday.Iwouldratheryouhadnotdoneit.重點(diǎn)十一：Lest,incase,forfearthat唯恐，以免從句謂語動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣使用真題單句語法填空[2018-北京】13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyhaddriven(drive)afewmorekilometers.[2018-江蘇】27.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhad(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.[2018-天津】10.Ican'tfindmypurse.Icouldhaveleft(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.[2018-江蘇】24.It’sstrangethathe__shouldhavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.解析：Itisimportant/necessary/strange/impossible/naturalthat...主語從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語氣，表達(dá)一種要求、命令或者責(zé)備、建議或主觀看法。但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語氣。試比較：Itisstrangethathehadmadeamistake.(陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)：他犯了錯(cuò)誤讓人有點(diǎn)奇怪。)Itisstrangethathe(should)havemadeamistake.(虛擬語氣，說話者是在責(zé)備他本不應(yīng)該犯錯(cuò)。)[2017-北京卷】34.Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenput(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhadtold(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.Ifithadnotbeen(notbe)forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdanced(dance)aswellasher.Wewouldbe(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingEnglishbefore,he—wouldbe(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.鞏固練習(xí)Ifweyesterday,wethework.weren’tinterrupted;wouldfinishdidn’tinterrupt;wouldhavefinishedhadn’tinterrupted;hadfinishedhadn’tbeeninterrupted;wouldhavefinished—Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?—No.Ifhehad,Idon’tbelievebrokenthelivingroomwindow.A.wouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehasItistimethatyouhomeandI’dratheryouagaintomorrow.A.shouldgo;wouldcomeB.went;cameC.go;cameD.shouldgo;willcomeHelendoesn’tknowhowmuchIspentinrepairingthehouse.Ifsheeverfoundout,I’msure.A.she’dneverforgivemeB.sheneverforgivesmeC.she’llneverforgivemeD.shehadneverforgivenme—Hehasjustcomeoutofthehospital.—Nowonderhelooksasifheillforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenButforhisfriends,heofhunger30yearsago.A.diedB.woulddieC.musthavediedD.wouldhavediedWe’resaferinatrainthanwewouldbeifweanyotherway.A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.travelD.wouldtravelIfhetomorrow,Ishouldgivehimthedictionaryheneeds.A.comesB.