多樣性相同意思的多種表達多樣性（variety）究竟選用哪種表達方法要以文章的連貫性為前提。英語詞匯講究生動，富于變化。如果在文中需要不止一次表達同一概念，應使用各種同義詞以達到殊途同歸的目的。（這同時也是保證語篇連貫的一個手段。）詞匯的多樣性短語搭配的多樣性句型的多樣性可以從詞匯的變化、短語的變化、和句法的變化這三方面闡述。Varietyisthespiceofwriting.（寫作富于變化才會妙筆生花。）所謂變化，一是避免相同的文字在文章中的反復使用（可用同義詞代替），二是避開庸俗老套的語言，追求富有新意、充滿活力的表達。俗話說，“言之無文，行之不遠?！闭Z言干癟平淡，讓人看了面目可憎。語言是思維的外殼，語言的好壞直接影響著作文水平的高低。在寫作當中，我們要多多制造語言的閃光點，這體現(xiàn)在小到一個詞，大到一個短語甚至句子，優(yōu)秀的作文往往是“錙銖必較”，幾乎字字計較。很多學生用詞面太狹窄，一提到“我認為”就用Ithink，此外別無其他表達。其實，英語中這類表達俯拾皆是：Ibelieve//maintain/agree/assert/insist/claim/emphasize/pointout/reckon/assume/clingtotheideathat等等。越來越多的人：moreandmorepeople，盡管這種表達沒有錯誤，但往往不能形成表達中的“閃光點”。Peopleingrowing/mounting/increasing/expandingnumbers要表達目的是：inorderto,soasto太口語化了不妨試試更好的表達：inabidto,inanattemptto,withaviewto,aimto,aimat,forthepurposeof等等?！罢f''法種種：Admit,acknowledge,add,affirm,allege,analyze,argue,assert,boast,caution,challenge,claim,complain,concede,conclude,confess,contend,continue,contradict,declare,deny,disclose,dwellon,elaborate,exclaim,explain,goon,imply,insist,maintain,note,object,observe,pledge,proclaim,propound,protest,reaffirm,reiterate,recount,remark,reply,refute,retort,reveal,state,suggest,tell,urgethink一claim/suggest/believe/advocate/maintain/supposegood一beneficial/profitable/helpfUl/sound/decent/positivebad一harmful/detrimental/hazardous/negativeadvantage一merit/virtue/benefit/profit/prodisadvantage一demerit/drawback/flaw/shortcoming/cons比如說表示因果關系的詞語和詞組就有十幾種現(xiàn)分為兩類說明：表示因果關系的英語主動詞英語中，用于表示因果關系的方式很多。比如：介詞from,at,through,dueto,becauseof,owingto;連接副詞hence,therefore,thus;從屬連詞：because,as,nowthat,inthat,seeingthat...therefore,since...then/inthatcase,ontheground（s）that,byreasonthat.另外，主動詞（分為單詞動詞和詞組動詞兩類）也可以表示邏輯上的因果關系?，F(xiàn)分述如下1）單詞動詞：arose,cause,elicit,engender,evoke,ignite,impel,induceHerstrangebehaviorarousedoursuspicions.Thecoldweathercausedmanyanimalstodie.Lungcancerelicitedthedeathofthosetwopeople.Hisstirringperformanceengenderedourtension.Hisfailureevokedmysympathy.Hisprovocativeremarksignitedtheiranger.Mybrother’ssuccessimpelledmetogreaterefforts.Hisillnesswasinducedbyoverwork.2）詞組動詞：ariseoutof/from,bringabout,bringforth,bringon,contributeto,givebirthto,giveoccasionto,giveriseto,leadto,resultfrom,resultin,setoff,stemfromHermentalproblemsaroseoutof/fromherhusband’sdeath.Thefallinoilpricesbroughtabouttheincreaseinbusinessactivity.Eatingtoomuchbroughtforthhersickness.ThefactthathehaddiedfromAIDSbroughtonapanicamongthepatientsinhisformerpatients.Eatingcontaminatedfoodcontributedtohisillness.Thefloodgavebirthtothecollapseofthatdam.Hisnegligencegaveoccasiontotheaccident.Herdisappearancegaverisetotheiranxiety.Doyouknowwhatledtoherfailure?Hismother’sdeathresultedfromacanceronherbreast.Theheavyrainresultedinthecancellationofthatfootballmatch.Theinclementweathersetoffthespreadofthatdisease.Theirdiscontentstemmedfromlowpayandpoorworkingconditions.“根據(jù)”說法種種常見表達:accordingto.accordingas.inaccordancewith.慣用短語：helightof...inconsiderationof...withreferenceto...onthegroundof.Inviewoftheabove-mentionedfacts,wewishtomakethefollowingproposals.2.量詞的搭配量詞“口”譯為下列單詞之一Drink,breath,morsel,mouthful詞語搭配上的多樣化表現(xiàn)Enjoy/winareputationasMakeareputationasaclassicalscholarHave/possessagoodreputationLoseone’sreputationBlacken/damage/destroy/hurt/injure/wound/impair/ruin/smear/sully/soil/tarnishsb’sreputationAcquire/gain/get/obtain/secure/receiveinformationCollect/gather/accumulate/assembleinformationShare/exchangeinformationLeak/spillinformationUpdateinformationBreak(off)/sever/terminaterelationwithDamage/impair/endanger/affectbilateralrelationsMend/repairrelationswithOpen/create/buildup/formrelationwithRe-establish/re-open/renewrelationswithEnjoyfriendlyrelationswithAdheretoaprincipleObserveaprincipleAccept/hole/maintainaprincipleEstablish/formulate/laydownaprincipleApplyaprincipletoViolatetheprincipleofAbandon/desert/forsaketheprincipleofPutintopracticeaprinciple1.至于，關于Withrespectto/asregards/regarding/concerning/inpointof/inrelationtoWithrespecttothequestionwhethersmallchildrenshouldstaywiththeirgrandparents,manypeopleholdontotheviewthattheyoungshouldliveapartwiththeoldastheyaremoreoftenthanspoiledwithover-protection.關于小孩子是否應該與祖父母一起生活的問題，很多人都認為老人往往嬌慣孫輩，所以他們不要住在一起。Thepoliceaskedusmanyquestionsconcerning/regardingthetrafficaccidentbutwefailedtonoticeclearlywhathadhappenedbecausewewerestandingratherfarawayfromthespot.Inpointofherability,knowledgeandbehavior,sheissuperiorbutwhatsheisshortofisasenseofresponsibilitywhichisofgreatimportanceforanyadmirablepersons.說到她的能力、學識和行為方式，她很出眾，但是她缺乏責任感。而這一點對于任何值得尊敬的人都很重要。同意，贊賞Agreewith/appreciate/beallfor/expressagreementwith/infavorof/support/haveeveryreasontobelieve/speakhighlyof/admitthatIspeakhighlyoftheselflessnessIfindintheheroes,butastofilmstarsIusuallygivesomecommentsontheirperformancewhichisonlytheircareer.IdothisjustasIcommentonateacher’sactivity.我高度贊賞英雄身上的無私精神。至于對電影明星我總是評價他們的表演而已，那是他們的職業(yè)。我評價他們的表演就像我評價老師的教學一樣。值得稱贊Wintheapprovalof/beworthyofpraise/deservecommendationOfferinghelptothosewhoareindireneedofaidisworthyofpraise,whichisagoodexampleofwhattruelivemeans.主動幫助急需幫助者的做法值得稱贊。這樣做才體現(xiàn)出什么是真正的愛。有道理Itstandstoreasonthat/thereisnodenyingthat/itiswisetodo/itisaneffectivewaytodoActually,itstandstoreasonthatwhenonewillthinkandbehaveindifferentwaysifoneisgivensomeresponsibility.實際上，如果一個人被賦予責任，他考慮問題和做事就會不一樣。這種說法有道理。無道理Itisdoubtfulthat/itisnotpracticaltodo/itseemsfar-fetched（牽強）/beoffensiveto（有悖于）/thereisnodenyingthatThehen’spromiseseemedfar-fetched.Therefore,wearenotsurewhethershereallymeanswhatshepledged.母雞的承諾顯得勉強。因此，我們不能肯定她是否會言不由衷。11-11-16句法方面的多樣化中國的英語學習者寫英文句子時習慣用指人的名詞開頭，導致句子在形式上千人一面，缺少變化，這也是漢語思維習慣產生的結果，漢語多用人稱開頭。而英語的開頭方式多種多樣，不拘一格。追求句法方面的多樣化，關鍵在于學會用靈活的方式開頭。下面的例子當中，明顯地第一句的表達都沒有第二句表達地道。Hesaysonethingbutdoesanother.Whathedoesisnotconsistentwithwhathesays.他言行不一。Hestillkeepsthinkingofthehungerhesufferedinhischildhood.Thememoryofhungerinhischildhoodstillhauntshim.兒時忍饑挨餓的回憶仍縈繞在他心頭。Weknowverylittleaboutthenatureofhumanbeings.Littleisknownaboutthenatureofhumanbeings.我們對人性知之甚少。ManypeoplethinkbirthcontrolisessentialinChina.ItiswildlyheldthatbirthcontrolisessentialinChina.人們普遍認為，在中國實行計劃生育非常必要。Moreandmorepeopleareawarethatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.Thereisagrowingawarenessthatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.越來越多的人認識到，婦女應該和男人完全平等。Hefailedindoingthings,whichoftenmadehimdepressed.Hisfailuresoftenlefthimdepressed.他屢遭失敗，經常令他抑郁消沉。Isuddenlyhaveasplendididea.Asplendidideasuddenlyoccurstome.我突然有了一個好主意。Heisalwaysquick-witted.Quick-wittednessneverdesertshim.他總是很機智。Hebegantolookveryalarmed.Alarmbegantotakeentirepossessionofhim.他開始變得驚恐萬狀。Theworldhistoryhasseenmoretearsthanlaughter.在世界歷史上淚水比歡笑多。Thenewcenturywillseeasignificantandfar-reachingchangeinChina.中國在新世紀將發(fā)生重大而深遠的變化。Theyear2003witnessedanunprecedenteddisastrousfloodinHuairiverbasin.2003年淮河流域發(fā)生了史無前例的洪災。SeptemberfindsagreeableweatherinShanghai.九月的上海天氣宜人。June19,1999beganasausualSaturdaymorningwithusontheroad,melookingforthesignsandFredtryingtofindaddresses.1999年6月19日，像以往的每個周六一樣，我們又上路了。我尋找各種招牌，男友弗萊德則努力尋找它們的位置。Saturdaymorningswouldfindmeinmycar,newspaperinhand,huntingdownsites.每逢星期六早晨，我都會坐在車里，手里拿著報紙，到處尋找出售廉價貨品的庭院。FromthemomentwesteppedintothePeople’sRepublicofChina,careandkindnesssurroundedusoneveryside.(HewlettandNowellJohnson,ToChinaat)Ninety一踏上中華人民共和國國土，我們就隨時隨地受到關懷與照顧。小梅心地善良，性情溫和，對她朋友這種沒有心肝的行為，實在看不順眼。Xiaomei’skindlyandgentlenaturecouldnotbutrevoltatherfriend’scallousbehavior.句型的多樣性和復雜性(varietiesandcomplexitiesofsentencestructures):要學會使用不同的句型，平時要注意多收集。寫作中應使用簡單句、并列句、復雜句及綜合句。以下例句比較生動，要多模仿練習：1）強調句F.D.Rooseveltwasamanconfinedtothewheelchair,butitwashewhputAmericaagainonitsfeet.2）介詞短語Only2.2kgofproteincanbelostwithoutdeathoccurring.Hesatinanarmchairnoddingwithanewspaperinthehand.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.3）分詞Theyhaveconductedinvestigationafterinvestigation,therebyobtaininganenormousamountofdata.4）倒裝句Notonlydidtheylosealltheirmoneybu