SCIENCEFICTION高中英語(yǔ)新人教選擇性必修四XB4U1ListeningListening聽(tīng)力Tolistentoaninterviewbetweenthehostandasci-fiexpertaboutrobots.TolearnsomethingaboutIsaacAsimov’sThreeLawsofRobotics.TotalkaboutwhatyouthinkofrobottechnologyandthefamousThreeLawsofRobotics.TolearntotreatAltechnologyobjectively.LearningObjectivesPART1Lead-inWatchavideoandanswerthequestion:WhatisthefullnameofAI?WhatisAI?WherecanAIbeused?Watchavideoandanswerthequestion:WhatisthefullnameofAI?Artificialintelligence.WhatisAI?Itisthescienceandengineeringofmakingintelligentmachines,especiallyintelligentcomputerprograms.Itisrelatedtothesimilartaskofusingcomputerstounderstandhumanintelligence.WherecanAIbeused?AIcanbeusedinmanyfields,suchasentertainment,medicine,transportation,education,tourism,securityaswellasfinance.Whatjobsaretheserobotsdoing?Whataretheprosandconsofrobotsdoingthesejobs?WhatkindsofrobotsorAIdevelopmentsdoyouhopefor?Lookatthepicturesanddiscussthequestionsinpairs.(P6E1)Communicationsdifficulties;Nohumantouch.Description:

Pros:Cons:TworobotsareservingfoodatacaféMaybecheaperandfasterDescription:

Pros:Cons:ArobotisplayingthepianoTherobotcanplayanythingperfectlyNocreativityoremotioninvolvedWhatjobsaretheserobotsdoing?Whataretheprosandconsofrobotsdoingthesejobs?Description:

Pros:Cons:AroboticarmworksatafactorySimple,repetitivetasksaredoneathigherspeedsmorecheaplyandaccuratelyHumansendupoutofwork;NoaddedskillorcreativityDescription:

Pros:Cons:Itreallyisn’tlivemusic;Itismorelikelisteningtoarecord,withoutanyoftheexcitementandemotionofwatchinghumansperform.ArobotbandisperformingMorelivemusicwillbeavailablemorecheaply;PlaylistswillbelimitlessDescription:

Pros:Cons:SeveralrobotsareplayingsoccerPromoteslearningandenjoymentofAIandroboticstoawideraudienceTherobotplayersdon’tevenknowtheyareinacontestandhavenodesiretowinorlose,sothereisnoemotionalcontenttothematch;nophysicalskillortalentisinvolvedeither.WhatkindsofrobotsorAIdevelopmentsdoyouhopefor?IhopeforaneducatingrobotbecauseIcanaskanyquestionswhenIhavetroublesinlearning.ListeningandSpeakingPART3Listentoaninterviewandcompletethequestionsasfollows.(P6E2)Whatarethekeyaspectsmentionedintheinterview?Writedownthekeyinformationonyournotebook.Changeyournotebookwithyourshoulderpartneranddiscussthreequestions.Whoisinterviewed?Whatdoesthehostask?Whatistheexpert’sopinion?Listentotheinterviewagainandputthesestatementsinthecorrectorder.(P6E2)49527386AudioScriptWelcomebacktotheshow.Justnowwetalkedabouttimetravelwithsci-fiexpert,SimonPhoenix.So,ifwecouldmoveonnow,Simon,robotsareofteninthenewsthesedays.Doyouthinkrobotswilleventuallyliveamongus,anddomostofourjobsforus,likeinsciencefiction?Well,robotsalreadydomanyjobs,infactories,forexample.Buttheyoftendosimpletasksanddonotlooklikehumans,unlikeinthemovies.However,asartificialintelligencedevelops,we’llcertainlyseerobotswithmorecomplexoccupations,suchasteachingornursing,andwearethereforelikelytomakethemlookmorelikeus,sowefeelmorecomfortable.Host:Simon:Whatbenefitsandproblemsdoyouthinkthiswouldbring?Themainbenefitwouldbegreaterlabourefficiency,givingusmoretimeforotherthings.Buttherewouldcertainlybeissueswithintegratingthemintosociety.Themoreintelligenttheybecome,themorepowerfulanddangeroustheywillbe,too.Aboveall,weneedtothinkcarefullyabouthowtoprogrammethemtoprotectushumans.ThatremindsmeoftheThreeLawsofRoboticsbyIsaacAsimov.Isthatwhatyoumean?AudioScriptHost:Simon:Host:v.(使）合并；成為一體Yes.That’sagoodplacetostart.Asimovwasoneofthegreatestsci-fiauthors,andhewrotetheLawsin1942.However,healsoshowedhowtheLawscouldbebroken.Ibelievehewasshowingustheproblemswewouldhavewithsuchintelligentmachines.Insci-fistories,robotsoftenbecomesuperiorandtakeover.Doyouthinkthiscouldreallyhappen?Ifso,shouldwenotbuildcleverrobots?AudioScriptSimon:Host:Itisveryhardtostoptechnologyonceithasbeencreated.Robottechnologyisdevelopingveryfast,soitcouldbepossible.Weusetechnologymoreandmoreinourlives.Ithinkthelinebetweenhumansandrobotswillbemoreblurredinthefuture.Thanksalot,Simon.So,Itakeitthatyoudon’thaveanyrobotsathome?Simon:Well...yes,Idoactually!AudioScriptSimon:Host:Listentotheinterviewagainandwritedownthediscoursemarkersthatyouhear.Makeanoteofhoweachdiscoursemarkerisusedintheinterview.Thencompareyouranswerswithapartner.(P6E3)ListenfordiscoursemarkersDiscoursemarkersareusedtoorganiseatextbymarkingsequence,contrast,opinion,purpose,andsoon.Listeningfordiscoursemarkerscanhelpyouunderstandatextmoreeasily.Forexample,first,however,aboveall,inorderto,etc.justnow;so;well;but;however;aboveallAnswer:Whatdiscoursemarkersdoyouoftenuse?Whataretheirfunctions?ThinkingTimeFunction

Discoursemarkerstostartorendconversationstochangetopicstoorderorsequencetoshowinterest/surprise/sympathynow,so,right,ingeneral,tosumup,forastart,...what’smore,well,but,however,anyway,...first(ofall),aboveall,next,...sure,good,quite,wonderful,exactly,absolutely,certainly,definitely,Isee,(all)right,That’sgreat/interesting/amazing/awful...Function

Discoursemarkerstorephraseorchangewhatwesaywell,inotherwords,thethingis,Imean,youknowwhatImean,whatImeanis...tomarktheold,shared,orexpectedknowledgeandnewknowledgejustnow,youknow,see,yousee,thethingis...tomarkattitudeorpointofviewinspeakingorwritinghonestly,basically,predictably,nodoubt,totellyouthetruth,Ithink,I’mafraid,ofcourseImustadmit,ifyouaskme,Imustsay...nottosoundtoodirectorforcefullike,just,maybe,apparently,sortof,kindof,perhaps,roughly,arguably,presumably...Ingroups,discusswhattheexpertthinksofthequestionsandexchangeyourownviews.(P7E4)Whatdoyouknowaboutrobottechnology?Whatcanrobotsdo?WhatbenefitsdoyouthinkrobotsorAIwillbring?Doyouthinktheywillcauseproblemsaswell?Discussion

ThelogicbehindtheThreeLawsofRobotics(conditionsandresults)ContradictionsamongtheselawsAnymorelawstobeaddedDoyouknowanythingaboutIsaacAsimovandhisfamousThreeLawsofRobotics?Whatdoyouthinkoftheselaws?Ingroups,discusswhattheexpertthinksofthequestionsandexchangeyourownviews.(P7E4)DiscussionWhatdoyouknowaboutrobottechnology?Whatcanrobotsdo?Robotstechnologyhasitsconsandpros.Itcanbringgreatconveniencetohumanbeingstogetherwithsomescientificormoralproblems.Arobotisamachinethatcandoataskaccordingtocomputerprogrammesorthroughtheuseofsomekindofcontrols.WhatbenefitsdoyouthinkrobotsorAIwillbring?Doyouthinktheywillcauseproblemsaswell?Themainbenefitsarethattheycandosomekindsofworkmorequickly,better,andcheaperthanhumans,andthattheycantaketheplaceofhumanswhennohumansareavailableorwhenhumanscannotdothework.Theycancauseproblems,however.First,whathappensiftheynolongerservepeopleorstopfollowingorders?Second,thereisthepossibilitythatatsomepointwewillhavedifficultydeterminingwhatconstitutesalivingbeingandwhatconstitutesamachine.DoyouknowanythingaboutIsaacAsimovandhisfamousThreeLawsofRobotics?Whatdoyouthinkoftheselaws?Yes,Ido.IsaacAsimovintroducedthemintomostofhissciencefictionwritingstoshowthatrobotscouldbepreventedfromharmingusorourworld.Theyarenotactualscientificlaws,butratherguidelinesfortheirhumanprogrammerstofollowtokeepourworldsafe.Atfirstglance,therulesseemlogicalandreasonable,buttheyalsoseemoutdated.ChangingthetopicMakeadialoguewithyourpartners.Youmayusethefollowingexpressionstohelpyou.EXAMPLEOh,bytheway,Isawaprogrammeaboutrobotdoctorslastnight.Itwasveryinteresting.Doyouthinkrobotswilldomoreoftheseimportantjobsinthefuture?Certainly.Theywillprobablydomostofourlabourforus.Maybe,butthat’sbesidethepoint.Inmyopinion,robotsaredangerous!Theyaremuchstrongerthanweareandmaybesuperiortousinthefuture.A:B:C:Oh,bytheway,Isawaprogrammeaboutrobotdoctorslastnight.Itwasveryinteresting.Doyouthinkrobotswilldomoreoftheseimportantjobsinthefuture?Certainly.Theywillprobablydomostofourlabourforus.Maybe,butthat’sbesidethepoint.Inmyopinion,robotsaredangerous!Theyaremuchstrongerthanweareandmaybesuperiortousinthefuture.Ithinkweoughttomoveontothetopicofrobottechnology.Iknowtheideaofithasbeenaroundforever.TheancientGreeksandChinesebothmadecleverdevicesthatweren’tmuchdifferentthansomeoftherobotswehavetoday.A:B:C:A:SampledialogueSampledialogueYes,butthemodernideaofintelligentrobotsthatlooklikehumansisonlyabout100yearsold.Ithinkwehadbettermoveontowhatrobotscando.Let’ssee...therearesimplerepetitivetaskslikefactoryworkandhousework.Yes,andIthinktherewillbemorecomplexjobsinthefuturelikeinhealthcare,education,orentertainment.Oh,thereissomethingelseImeanttoaskyou—doesanyoneknowwhoevencameupwiththeword“robot”?Wasn’t