2016英語（一）閱讀理解

Text1

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashion

industryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakers

gavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemploy

ultra-thinmodelsonrunaways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat

“inciteexcessivethinness“bypromotingextremedieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshould

notbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That'sastart.Andtheban

onultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselves

todeath-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttake

responsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocial

tape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thatthey

shouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthat

peopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthan

dietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangea

culturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,using

afashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscould

resultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterial

adornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewother

countries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthat

relymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthon

rulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.The

newlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:“Weareawareofand

takeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especially

onyoungpeople?9Thecharter'smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfor

designersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek(CFW),whichisrun

bytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethod

ofcompliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbody

idealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeauty

beyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

[A]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

[B]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

22.Thephrase"impingingon”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]heighteningthevalueof.

[B]indicatingthestateof.

[C]losingfaithin.

[D]doingharmto.

23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

[A]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

[B]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

[A]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels9character.

[Cishowinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

[D]settingahighagethresholdformodels.

25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

[B]ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

[C]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

Text2

Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritain

thishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside"

alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)as

whatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylish

housesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryonefbrever."Itwas

specificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesfbrleisurewheretheycould

experience"arefreshingair."Hill'spressureslaterledtothecreationofnationalparks

andgreenbelts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcrete

consumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.

TheConservatives9planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityover

conservation,evenauthorizingctoff-plan,9buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.

Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labour

likewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.The

LiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththose

pleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtect

RuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.

Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,

incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirling

AckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonarea

alone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventruerofthe

provinces.

Theideathat"housingcrisis^^equals"concretedmeadows^^ispurelobbytalk.

Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Under

lobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationand

renewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafree

marketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.

Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.We

donotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?

Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,Britainis

Europe9smostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghas

enabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-density

urbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesof

southernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshould

unitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

26.Britain'spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside

[A]didn'tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

[B]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.

[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenow

being____

[A]graduallydestroyed.

[Bleffectivelyreinforced.

[C]largelyovershadowed.

[D]properlyprotected.

28.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

[A]Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.

[B]TheConservativesmayabandon"of&plan"building.

[C]TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.

[D]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.

29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne'spreference

[A]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.

[B]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.

[C]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.

[D]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.

30.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof

[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain.

[B]thepoliticallifeintoday'sBritain.

[C]theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.

[D]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.

Text3

“Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,wroteMiltonFriedman,

aNobelprize-winningeconomist“Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivities

designedtoincreaseitsproflts.^^ButevenifyouacceptFiedman'spremiseandregard

corporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholdersmoney,

thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreate

monetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.

ThelargestfirmsisAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billiona

yearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm,Thiscouldadd

valuetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa

“signal“thatacompany'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybe

willingtobuyacompany9sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesis

helps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect,“wherebyitsgooddeedsearnit

greaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecause

consumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.Arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethemby

lookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct

(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproductsaspart

oftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.

Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemost

comprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysis

ruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirms*politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSR

stand,thataccountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopolitical

campaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.

Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacase

basedonitsmerits,theydoseentoinfluencedbyacompany'srecordinCSR.HWe

estimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschild

labour,orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare

40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials/1saysone

researcher.

Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuch

businessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesare

bankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecide

theirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasthavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesget

intotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostly

punishment.

31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSRwith

[A]tolerance

[B]skepticism

[C]uncertainty

[D]approval

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompany

[Alwinningtrustfromconsumers.

[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices.

[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed.

[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts.

33.Theexpression"morelenienf(Line2,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto

[Almoreeffective.

[B]lesscontroversial.

fC]lesssevere.

[D]morelasting.

34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany'sCSRrecord

[Alhasanimpactontheirdecision.

[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence.

[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.

[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation.

35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?

[AlItsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.

[B]Thenecessaryamountofcompanies^pendingonitisunknown.

[C]Companies1financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

[D]Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

Text4

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimescasestopublish

storiesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometime

inthefuture“thepaper'spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiafbrinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splentyof

incentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspapers

-printingpresses.deliverytruck-isn'tjustexpensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhen

online-onlycompetitiondon'thavethesamesetfinancialconstraints.Readersare

migratingawayfromprintaway,Andalthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironline

andmobilecounterpartsrevenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlowe,butrushingtoeliminateitsprint

editorwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimes

shouldn*twastetimegettingoftheprintbusiness,onlyiftheygoaboutdoingitthe

rightaway"Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesensefor

them“hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoingtohaveyourmostloyal

customersreallyupsetwithyou.”

Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachangeanyway".Perettigivesexampleof

NetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.MItwasseenas

ablunder.nhesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwerein

chargeatthetimes?"1wouldn'tpickyeartoendprint.nhesaid."Iwouldraiseand

makeitintomoreofalegacyproduct79

Themostloyalcostumerwouldstillgeltheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,and

they'dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.nSo

ifyou'reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,"perettisaid.

"Thenincreaseitatrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue."

Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtoprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealready

obsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprint

editionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear-morethantwiceasmuchasa

digital-onlysubscription.

"It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn*t

havealegacybusiness/Perettiremarked.nButwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethat

wherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon*tmakesensewhenthemarket.Changeand

theworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it'sbettertobemoreaggressivethanless

aggressive.M

36.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydue

[A]thehighcostofoperation.

[B]thepressureformitsinvestors.

[C]thecomplaintsformitsreaders

[D]theincreasingonlineadasles.

37.Perettisuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,theTimesshould

[A]seeknewsourcesofreadership.

[B]endtheprinteditionforgoog.

[C]aimforefficitentmanagement.

[D]makestrategicadiustments.

38.ItcaninferredformParagraphs5and6thata“l(fā)egacyproduct”

[A]helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes.

[B]ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers.

[CJwillhavethecostofprintingreduced.

[D]expandsthepopularityofthepaper.

39.Perettibelievesthat,inachangingworld,

[A]legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated

fB]cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving.

[C]aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges.

[D]traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected.

4O.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce

[B]CherishtheNewspapersStillinYourHand

[C]MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood

[D]KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion

PartB

Readingthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45),Thereare

twoextraSubheadings,MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(lOpoints)

[A]Createanewimageofyourself

[B]Haveconfidenceinyourself

[C]Decideifthetimeisright

[D]Understandthecontext

[E]Workwithprofessionals

[F]Markitefficient

[G]Knowyourgoals

Nomatterhowformalorinformaltheworkenvironment,thewayyoupresent

yourselfhasanimpact.Thisisespeciallytrueinfirstimpressions.Accordingto

researchfromPrincetonUniversity,peopleassessyourcompetence,Trustworthiness,

andlikeabilityinjustatenthofasecond,solelybasedonthewayyoulook.

Thedifferentbetweentoday'sworkplaceandthe“dressforsuccess"eraisthat

therangeofoptionsissomuchbroader.Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.In

somesettings,redsneakersordressT-shirtscanconveystatus;inothernotsomuch.

Plus,whateverimagewepresentismagnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedIn.

Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuchmoreoftennowthanadecadeortwoago.

Millennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingtheleastformalgenerationyetthe

mostconsciousofstyleandpersonalbranding.Itcanbeconfusing.

Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknowwhentoinvestinanupgrade?

Andwhat'sthebestwaytopulloffonethatenhancesourgoals?Herearesometips:

41.Asanexecutivecoach,I'veseenimageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduring

transitions-whenlookingforanewjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,or

changingworkenvironments.Ifyou'reinaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckand

inarut,nowmaybeagoodtime.Ifyou'renotsure,askfbrhonestfeedbackfrom

trustedfriends,colleaguesandprofessionals.Lookforcuesabouthowothersperceive

you.Maybethere'snoneedfbranupgradeandthat'sOK.

42.Getclearonwhatimpactyou'rehopingtohave.Areyoulookingtorefreshyour

imageorpivotit?Foroneperson,thegoalmaybetobetakenmoreseriouslyand

enhancetheirprofessionalimage.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedasmore

approachable,ormoremodemandstylish.Forsomeonemovingfromfinanceto

advertising,maybetheywanttolookore"SoHo."(It'sOKtousecharacterizations

likethat.)

43.Lookatyourworkenvironmentlikeananthropologist.Whatarethenormsof

yourenvironment?Whatconveysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportantaudience?

Howdothepeopleyourespectandlookuptopreventthemselves?Thebetteryou

understandtheculturalcontext,themorecontrolyoucanhaveoveryourimpact.

44.Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext.

Hireapersonalstylist,orusethefreestylingserviceofastorelikeCrew.Tryahair

stylistinsteadofabarber.Workwithaprofessionalphotographerinsteadofyour

spouseoffriend.Ifsnotasexpensiveasyoumightthink.

45.Thepointofastyleupgradeisn'ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretime

discussingoverwhattowear.Instead,useitasanopportunitytoreducedecision

fatigue.Pickastandardworkuniformorafewgo-toopinions.Buyallyourclothes

oncewithastylistinsteadofshoppingalone,onearticleofclothingatime.

2017英語（一）閱讀理解

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesare

recommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.

airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnfor

increasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhave

downedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.But

demandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturn

underminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:Wastedtimeisadragon

Americans*economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecret

checkthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons-bothfakeandreal-

pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressince

then,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoil

prices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'Hare

International.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-

butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreasein

airlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partofthe

issueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormay

bethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-

baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairports

orrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckis

supposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassa

backgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSA

tofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSA

wantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:

Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Since

thebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmight

bringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingso

directly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklanes

whilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimeto

maketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

[A]explainAmerican^toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.Theword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto

[A]quieter.

[B]cheaper.

[C]wider.

[D]faster.

24.0neproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernment'sreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolution

[CJGettingStuckinSecurityLines

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text2

“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slast

reigningmonarch,in1897.Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersof

Hawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.Protestshave

eruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatory

thatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT*splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcano

worshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstothe

heavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerful

telescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea*speakrisesabovethebulkofour

planet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesof

unsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.Asmallbutvocalgroup

ofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfar

sacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereign

nation.

Someblameforthecun*entcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheir

eagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayof

understandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea's

fragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands1inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnota

relicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnof

civilization.Thesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbrought

earlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.

CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthere

ignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbig

questionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhaps

thatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknow

ourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMauna

Kea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheisland

andtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.Tolimitthenumberof

telescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesand

theirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe

welcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani^remarkinParagraph1indicates

[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers9featsinhertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsreligiousimplications.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[ClmayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians9hostility.

3O.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

[A]severecriticism.

[B]passiveacceptance.

[C]slighthesitancy.

[D]fullapproval.

Text3

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthat

whichmakeslifeworthwhiIe.^^WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,and

GDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhat

hewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfa

century.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatter

andmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvy

oftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.If

everythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,

despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyof