2022-2023年陜西省延安市公共英語(yǔ)五級(jí)(筆試)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、1.ListeningComprehension(15題)1.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Cigarette?

W:No,thankyou.I'vegivenup,youknow.

M:Oh.

W:It'stendaysago.Haven'thadone.

M:Well,youdon'tmindifIhadone.

W:Well,allright,then...Ohmygoodness!That'saterriblecough.

M:No,no,it'snot.It'sonly...Ionlygetitfirstthinginthemorning.

W:That'sgoingtomakeyouveryunfit,youknow.

M:No,it'sallright.Itgoesinaminute.

W:Whydon'tyoutryandgiveup?

M:Oh,no.Ioughtto,butIcan't.Itrelaxesme,smoking.

W:Really?

M:Itdoes.

W:Well,haveyoueverthoughtofjustcuttingdown?

M:Oh,no,that'sallveywellbut?..Iwouldn'tenjoyit.Idependabitonmysmoking.Imustsay.

W:Youshoulddoitgradually.Imean...well,ifyoutried...haveyouthoughtofjustgivinguponeday?

M:Yes,ohwell,yes,thatisquiteagoodidea.

W:Itis.

M:ButIthinkI'dlosecountorsomething.

W:Ohdear!Well,itmightbeanideaifyoustartedeatingsweets.

M:Ohno,Icouldn'tdothat.Icouldn'tpossibly...

W:Why?

M:Well,itmakesyoufat.

W:Well,doyouthinkthatmatters?Don'tyouthinkitisbettertobefatthantobeunhealthy?

M:No,Idon't.I'dratherbefat...Well,I'dratherbethinthanfat,certainly.

W:Ohdear.Well.Hey!I'vegotagoodidea!

M:What'sthat?

W:Whydon'tyougotoahypnotist?Mysisterdid!

M:Oh,look,youdon'tseemtorealizethatIlikesmoking.IfIgaveitup,ifIdidn'tsmokeatall,I'dprobablyendupattackingpeople!

W:Oh,don'tbesosilly!Ofcourseyouwouldn't.

Whendidthewomangiveupsmoking?

A.Tendaysago.

B.Justthismorning.

C.Aweekego.

D.Justyesterday.

2.Whatwasthediscussiontopicofthepreviousclassmeeting?

A.NewEnglandmysterystories.

B.Eighteenth-centuryEnglishcriticism.

C.AcomparisonofpoemsofDickinsonandWhitman.

D.ThepoemsofWaltWhitman.

3.PartC

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.

Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.

聽(tīng)力原文：Thetenyearsofthe1960swasaperiodofprofoundchangeinmanypartsoftheworld.IntheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeCivilRightsMovementintheearly1960s,andextendingthroughtheVietnamWar,millionsofAmericansbegantochallengeestablishedauthority.Thesemovementswereinitiallypolitical.YoungAmericansdemandedthatgovernmentalpoliciesinracerelationsandinternationalrelationscorrespondtotheidealsofjusticecontainedintheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.Bytheendofthedecade,however,challengestoauthoritywerecarriedfarbeyondpoliticalissuesandweredirectedatthesocialorderanddeeplyrootedculturalpatternsofthecountry.

Thegenerationthatcameofageinthe1960s,theBabyBoomgeneration,soughtchangeinalmosteveryaspectoflifeintheUnitedStates.Forexample,theyexperimentedwithcooperativeeconomicinstitutionsandcommunallivingarrangements,brokesexualtaboos,alteredtheprocessofeducation,explorednon-Westernspiritualtraditions,developedastrongrespectfortheenvironment,andtransformedpopularculture.Asawhole,thesechangesstoodforadifferentsetofculturalvaluesthatprovidedathoroughcritiqueofAmericansocietyasitexistedatthattime.Althoughmany"alternativelifestyles"wereshort-lived,culturalchangesthatbeganinthatperiodhavehadacontinuingeffectonmuchofAmericanlife,particularlyinattitudestowardmale-femalerelations.

Allculturesarecomplex.Theyareacombinationofcloselyrelatedpatternsofsocialinteraction.Asaresult,changesinanimportantaspectofaparticularculturewillusuallyproducechangesthroughoutthesociety.TheWomen'sMovementthatbeganintheUnitedStatesduringthe1960sisatypicalexampleofthisphenomenon.Fromthebeginning,theWomen'sMovementwasinfluencedbyculturalchangesthathadoccurredearlierinthedecade.TheCivilRightsMovementforracialequalityandthedevelopmentofthebirthcontrolpillwereparticularlyimportant—theCivilRightsMovementbecausewomeninvolvedintheeffortforracialjusticebegantoseethemselvesasvictimsofsocialinjustice,andthebirthcontrolpillbecauseitgavewomenreliablecontroloverreproduction.

Social,economic,andlegalequalityandreproductiverightscontinuetobethebasicprinciplesoftheWomen'sMovement.Assomeofthesegoalshavebeenachieved,majorchangeshaveoccurredinbroaderculturalpatternssuchastheeconomyandthefamily.Atthepresenttime,mostofAmericanwomenareemployed.Employmentisnolongerconfinedtosuchtraditionalfemaleoccupationsasteacher,nurse,orsecretary.Womenarenowfoundineveryoccupationandatalllevelsofresponsibilityandauthority.Participationintheeconomyhasgivenmanywomenanindependencethathasallowedthemtochoosewhether,when,andhowtoform.afamily.Workingwomenwithinfamiliesnowarepartofaneconomicpartnershipwithmeninwhichbothadultsprovidesupportforthefamilyunitandareresponsibleforthequalityoflife.

TheWomen'sMovementhasaffectedtherelationshipbetweenmenandwomeninthefamilyinotherwaysaswell.Womenhavechallengedtraditionalsexrolesinthehousehold.Menarenowexpectedtoparticipateinchild-raisinganddomesticactivitiestoamuchgreaterextentthaninthepast.Childbearingisnowamatteroffamilychoice,withwomenhavingthefinaldecisioninfamilyplanning.

Alloftheseculturalchangesarestrengthenedinboththemediaandint

4.WhatdidFranklinsetupbetweenthenorthernandsoutherncolonies?

5.Oneoftheadvantagesofchainschoolsisthattheyarefamousallovertheworld.

A.RightB.Wrong

6.Thepast-orientedpeopleareflexiblein______.

7.ThejoboftheBoardofDirectorsistoadministratethecompany.

A.TrueB.Fasle

8.Ifamanlosestheabilitytorecognizehisleftsidehewilllosefeelingonhisbothsides.

A.TrueB.Fasle

9.Chainsdon'tofferstudentsthechancetopursuetheirstudyfromonecountrytoanother.

A.RightB.Wrong

10.聽(tīng)力原文：Yesterdaywediscussedtheproblemofrisingprices,or,intheeconomist'sterms,inflation.Wenotedthat,duringperiodsofinflation,allpricesandincomesdonotriseatthesamerate.Someincomesrisemoreslowlythanthecostofliving,andafewdonotriseatall.Otherincomesrisemorerapidlythanthecostofliving.

Weconcludedthatpersonswithfixedincomes,forexample,theelderlywhodependuponpensions,andpersonswithslow-risingincomesas,forexample,anemployeewithasalaryagreedtoinalong-termcontract,willbemostseriouslyaffectedbyinflation.Pleaserememberthatwhiletheirdollarincomes,staythesame,thecostofgoodsandservicesrises,andineffect,realincomedecreases,thatis,theyareabletopurchaselesswiththesameamountofmoney.

Wealsotalkedaboutthefactthatstockholdersandpersonswithbusinessinterestsandinvestmentswouldprobablybenefitmostfrominflation,sincehighpriceswouldincreasesalesreceipts,andprofitswouldlikelyrisefasterthanthecostofliving.

Andnow,beforewebegintoday'slecture,arethereanyquestionsabouttheterm,inflationoranyoftheexamplesgiveninourdiscussionsofar?

What'sthemainpurposeofthetalk?

A.Tointroducetheconceptofinflation.

B.Todiscussthecausesofinflation.

C.Toreviewyesterday'slectureoninflation.

D.Toargueinfavorofinflation.

11.Whathasgivenwomenanindependenceinformingafamily?

12.Accordingtothespeaker,whywerelogcabinsespeciallypopulartosettlerswhomovedwest?

A.Theycouldeasilybuildtheloghousesthemselves,

B.Theycouldconstructthehousesfromkits.

C.Theylikedthecozyatmosphereoftheloginterior.

D.Theywantedhomesthatcouldbetransported.

13.Wanghaslittleknowledgeofthephoneticprocessingsystem.

A.TrueB.Fasle

14.Accordingtothespeaker,howdodeveloperscontributetothereductionofamphibianpopulation?

A.Bytakingoverponds.

B.Byconstructingsewers.

C.Bybuildingdamsonrivers.

D.Byfloodingmarshes.

15.Whatdoweknowaboutthedifferencebetweenmenandwomenintermsofpersonalrelationships?

A.Itiseasierforwomentomakefriendsamongwomen.

B.Womentendtorevealtheirfeelingsmoreeasily.

C.Personalrelationshipsaremorecentraltomostmen'slives.

D.It'seasiertoestablishpersonalrelationshipswithwomenthanwithmen.

二、2.UseofEnglish(10題)16.

【C8】

17.(50)

18.(41)

19.

【C3】

20.(38)

21.(40)

22.

【C7】

23.(47)

24.

【C11】

25.

【C10】

三、3.ReadingComprehension(15題)26.(69)

27.

Thefederalgovernmentgetsmostoftheirincomefrom______．

A.propertytaxB.incometaxC.salestaxD.estatetax

28.

______stationscanincreasetofullpowerveryquickly?

29.

Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sopinionaboutthewomanattheGlobalSupportCentre?

A.Shesoundedhelpfulandknowledgeable.

B.Shewastheretomakecallersfrustrated.

C.Shewasabletosolvehercomputerproblem.

D.Shewasquicktopassheralongtoatechnician.

30.WorldleadersmetrecentlyatUnitedNationsheadquartersinNewYorkCitytodiscusstheenvironmentalissuesraisedattheRioEarthSummitin1992.TheheadsofstateweresupposedtodecidewhatfurtherstepsshouldbetakentohaltthedeclineofEarth'slife-supportsystems.Infact,thismeetinghadmuchdieflavouroftheoriginalEarthSummit.Towit:emptypromises,hollowrhetoric,bickeringbetweenrichandpoor,andirrelevantinitiatives.ThinkU.S.Congressinslowmotion.

Almostobscuredbythistorporisthefactmattherehasbeensomeremarkableprogressoverthepastfiveyears—realchangesintheattitudeofordinarypeopleinmeThirdWorldtowardfamilysizeandadawningrealisationmatenvironmentaldegradationandtheirownwell-beingareintimately,andinversely,linked.Almostnoneofthis,however,hasanythingtodowithwhatthebureaucratsaccomplishedinRio.

Oritdidn'taccomplish.OneitemontheagendaatRio,forexample,wasarenewedefforttosavetropicalforests.(ApreviousUN-sponsoredinitiativehadfallenapartwhenitbecameclearthatitactuallyhasteneddeforestation.)AfterRio,aUNworkinggroupcameupwithmorethan100recommendationsthathavesofargonenowhere.Oneproposedforestrypactwoulddolittlemorethanimmunizing"wood-exportingnationsagainsttradesanctions.

AnefforttodraftanagreementonwhattodoabouttheclimatechangescausedbyCO2andothergreenhousegaseshasfaredevenworse.BlockedbytheBushAdministrationfromsettingmandatorylimits,theUNin1992calledonnationstovoluntarilyreduceemissionsto1990levels.Severalyearslater,it'sasifRiohadneverhappened.AnewclimatetreatyisscheduledtobesignedthisDecemberinKyoto,Japan,butgovernmentsstillcannotagreeontheselimits.Meanwhile,theU.S.produces7%moreCO2thanitdidin1990,andemissionsinthedevelopingworldhaverisenevenmoresharply.Noonewouldconfusethe"Rioprocess"withprogress.

Whilegovernmentshaveditheredatapacethatcouldmakedriftingcontinentsimpatient,peoplehaveacted.Birth-ratesaredroppingfasterthanexpected,notbecauseofRiobutbecausepoorpeoplearedecidingontheirowntoreducefamilysize.Anotherpositivedevelopmenthasbeenagrowingenvironmentalconsciousnessamongthepoor.FromslumdwellersinKarachi,Pakistan,tocolonistsinRondonia,Brazil,urbanpoorandruralpeasantsalikeseemtorealizethattheypaythebiggestpriceforpollutionanddeforestation.Thereiscauseforhopeaswellinthegrowingrecognitionamongbusinesspeoplethatitisnotintheirlong-terminteresttofightenvironmentalreforms.JohnBrowne,chiefexecutiveofBritishPetroleum,boldlyassertedinamajorspeechinMaythatthethreatofclimatechangecouldnolongerbeignored.

Thewriter'sgeneralattitudetowardstheworldleadersmeetingattheUNis.

A.supportiveB.impartialC.criticalD.comedic

31.(72)

32.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutinsuranceproducts?

A.Peoplehavenochoicewhenbuyinginsuranceproducts.

B.Thereweresomanychoicesininsuranceproductsinthepastthatpeoplefounditdifficulttomakeadecision.

C.Therearenobetterandcheaperinsuranceproducts.

D.Itisbetterforpeopletohavesomanyinsuranceproductstochoose.

33.(70)

34.PartC

Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.

Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.

Answerquestions71～80byreferringtothefollowinggames.

Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorDandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.

A=BOOK1B=BOOK2C=BOOK3D=BOOK4

Whichbook(s)say(s)that...

theclimateaffectsthefuturesustainableagriculturaldevelopment?71.______

environmentalcontrolisrelatedwiththenationalrevenues?72.______

theenvironmentalproblemsarenotcausedovernight?73.______

avarietyofspeciesareonthedecrease?74.______

agricultureisalsoafactorforfiledegradationofenvironment?75.______

pollutioncanbecontrolledbyincreasingtheproductioncostofpollutinggoods?76.______

pollutioncontrolneedsthesupportoftechnologyandtechniques?77.______

provideslessonsforagriculture,trade,landu~eandtaxpolicyfromaneconomicperspective?78.______

thedegradationofenvironmentcausesthechangeofclimate?79.______

theapproachestoresearchshouldbeadjustedtothechangingsituation?80.______

ABOOK1

Thebookoffersacomprehensiveperspectiveontheconsequencesandpossiblepolicysolutionsforclimaticchangeaswemoveintothetwenty-firstcentury.Itassessestheimpactofpotentialfeatureglobalclimatechangeonagricultureandtheneedtosustainagriculturalgrowthfortheeconomicdevelopment.

Thebookbeginsbyexaminingtheroleofinternationalresearchinstitutionsinovercomingenvironmentalconstraintsonsustainableagriculturalgrowthandeconomicdevelopment.Theauthorsthendiscusshowagriculturalresearchsystemsmayberestructuredtorespondtoglobalenvironmentalproblemssuchasclimatechangeandlossofgeneticdiversity.Thediscussionthenextendstoconsiderenvironmentalaccountingandindexing,toillustratehowenvironmentalqualitycanbeincludedformallyinmeasuresofnationalincome,socialwelfareandsustainability.Thethirdpartofthebookfocusesontheeffectsofandpolicyresponsestoclimatechange.Chaptersinthispartexaminetheeffectofclimatechangeonproduction,trade,landusepatternsandlivelihoods.Theyconsiderimpactsonthedistributionofincomebetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesremainamajoreconomicactivity.Authorstakeonaneconomy-wideperspectivetodrawlessonsforagriculture,trade,landuseandtaxpolicy.

BBOOK2

Theozonelayeristhreatenedbychemicalemissions;theclimateisendangeredfromfossilanddeforestation,andglobalbiodiversityisbeinglostbyreasonofthousandsofyearsofhabitatconversions.Globalenvironmentalproblemsariseoutoftheaccumulatedimpactsfrommanyyears'andmanycountries'economicdevelopment.Inordertoaddresstheseproblemsthestatesoftheworldmustcooperatetomanagetheirdevelopmentprocessestogether--thisiswhataninternationalenvironmentalagreementmustdo.Butcantheworld'scountriescooperatesuccessfullytomanageglobaldevelopment?Howshouldtheymanageit?Whoshouldpayfortheprocess,aswellasfortheunderlyingproblems?

Thisbookpresentsanexaminationofboththeproblemandtheprocessunderlyinginternationalenvironmentallawmaking:therecognitionofinternationalinterdependence,thenegotiationofinternationalagreementsandtheevolutionofinternationalresourcemanagement.Itexaminesthegeneralproblemofglobalresourcemanagementbymeansofgeneralprinciplesandcasestudiesandby

35.

Inthe3rdsentenceofthefirstparagraphtheword“pressing”isclosestinmeaningto______.

A.urgentlyimportantB.pushingC.invitingD.charming

36.

WhatdoestheauthorthinkofBotticelli'srepresentationskills?

A.Theyaretobefullyappreciated.

B.Theyevolvefromanuncertainsource.

C.Theyunderliehispersonality.

D.Theyconform.totheclassicalstyle.

37.

WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutMickey,thegarbagecollector?

A.Hewrotealettertothecoupleafterwards.

B.Hefailedtocollectthemoneyfromthebank.

C.HewantedthecoupletosendhimaChristmascard.

D.Hecollectedboththecheekandthegarbagethatday.

38.PartC

Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.

Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.

Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorDandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.

A=BOOKREVIEW1B=BOOKREVIEW2

C=BOOKREVIEWS3D=BOOKREVIEW4

Whichbookreview(s)contain(s)thefollowinginformation?

Comparisonofthesignificanceoftwoeconomicbooks.71.______

Stiglitz'sprestigeinthefieldofeconomics.72.______

Stiglitz'scriticismofthosewhoexaggeratedthepowerofmarketsindevelopingcountries.73.______

Policymakingshouldconsiderlocalconditions.74.______

Theinterventionofgovernmentisthewaytoassistglobalization.75.______

Stiglitz'sdedicationtothedevelopmentofpoorcountries.76.______

Stiglitz'spreferenceofonetypeofeconomicpolicyoveranotherone.77.______

MorepeoplejoinedStiglitzincriticizingfreetradeandglobalization.78.______

Stiglitz'spointshavebeensupportedbywhatactuallyhappenedinthecountry.79.______

MainlygivespositivecommentsonStiglitzandhisnewbook.80.______

A

Themainpointofthebookissimple:globalizationisnothelpingmanypoorcountries.Incomesarenotrisinginmuchoftheworld,andadoptionofmarket-basedpoliciessuchasopencapitalmarkets,freetrade,andprivatizationaremakingdevelopingeconomieslessstable,notmore.Insteadofabiggerdoseoffreemarkets,Stiglitzargues,what'sneededtomakeglobalizationworkbetterismoreandsmartergovernmentintervention.Whilethishasbeensaidbefore,theideascarrymoreweightcomingfromsomeonewithStiglitz'scredentials.Insomeways,thisbookhasthepotentialtobetheliberalequivalentofMiltonFriedman's1962classicCapitalismandFreedom,whichhelpedprovidetheintellectualfoundationforagenerationofconservatives.ButGlobalizationandItsDiscontentsdoesnotrisetothelevelofcapitalismandfreedom.WhileStiglitzmakesastrongcaseforgovernment-orienteddevelopmentpolicy,heignoressomekeyargumentsinfavorofthemarket."Thebook'smainvillainistheInternationalMonetaryFund,theWashingtonorganizationthatlendstotroubledcountries",Stiglitz'contemptfortheIMFisboundless,"ItisclearthattheIMFhasfailedinitsmission,"hedeclares."ManyofthepoliciesthattheIMFpushedhavecontributedtoglobalinstability."

B

Whilepartsofthisbookaredisappointinglyshallow,Stiglitz'scritiqueofthemarket-driven90'sstillresonates,especiallywhenthebusinesspageisfullofstoriesaboutwhite-collarcrimeandthestockmarketseemsstuckinaperpetualrut.EventheUnitedStatescannotblithelyassumethatfinancialmarketswillworkonautopilot.ItistestamenttothesalienceofStiglitz'sargumentsthatmanyeconomists—evensomeBushAdministrationofficials—nowembracehisviewthateconomicchangeinthedevelopingworldmustevolvemorewithlocalconditions,notonWashington'scalendar.Withoutathoroughmakeover,globalizationcouldeasilybecomeaquagmire.StiglitzsharedaNobelPrizelastyearforhisworkanalyzingtheimperfectionsofmarkets.Hismaincomplainta-gainstRubinandSummers,whoservedasTreasurySecretaries,andagainstFischer,theNO.2officialanddefactochiefexecutiveoftheinternationalMonetaryFund,isthattheyhadtoomuchfaiththatmarketscouldtransform.poorcountriesovernight.Helabelsthesethreemenmarketfundamentalists,whofoughttomaintainfinancialsta

39.ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear'sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutquality-controlproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorp.Overnight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they'renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto."Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,"saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,"andthelackofredundancyinoursystem."

Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmunere-sponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear'sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAventisPasteur)—andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn'tmuchtheothercandoaboutit."Avaccinemakercan'tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,"saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp."There'sawholeindustrythat'sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime."

Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear'sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralbiotechcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals'Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.

ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatesthat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweek.That'snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

Shortagesoffluevaccineshowthat______.

A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers

B.thedemandoffluevaccinesishighthisyear

C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction

D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup

40.Women'smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?",and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Re-searchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon'tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinter-actviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

四、閱讀理解(5題)41.

第

37

題

isagoodmethodofsupplyingenergytoremoteareas?__________

42.

根據(jù)下列文章回答31～35題：

第

31

題

Whatdoboththeoriesassumetobetrue?

43.

第

24

題

Theauthorgaveallexampleint