中國鐵路發(fā)展回顧與展望第一頁，共61頁。2008.4DEVELOPMENTOFCHINESERAILWAYS中國鐵路發(fā)展回顧與展望第二頁，共61頁。主要內(nèi)容(Mainpoints)1.改革開放以來中國鐵路發(fā)展的回顧(DevelopmentofChineserailwaysincethereformandopeningup)2.中國鐵路改革與發(fā)展中的主要問題(MainproblemsofChineserailway)3.中國鐵路運輸組織改革與創(chuàng)新的主要思路和對策(MainthoughtsandcountermeasuresofreformingChineserailwayorganization)4.新世紀鐵路中長期發(fā)展規(guī)劃

(ProgrammingofChineserailwayinthe21stcentury)第三頁，共61頁。1改革開放以來中國鐵路發(fā)展回顧(DevelopmentofChineserailwaysincethereformandopeningup)

中國經(jīng)濟增長（China'seconomicgrowth）

鐵路客運增長(Growthofrailwaypassengertransport)

客運量(volumeofpassengertraffic)

旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量(Turnoverofpassengertraffic)1.1經(jīng)濟和鐵路運量的增長及變化趨勢（GrowthanddevelopmenttrendofChineseeconomyandrailwaytrafficvolume）

第四頁，共61頁。

旅客平均運距(Averagejourneyperpassengertransport)鐵路貨運增長（Growthofrailwayfreighttransport）

貨運量(Freighttrafficvolume)

貨運周轉(zhuǎn)量(turnoveroffreighttraffic)貨運平均運距(Averagehauloffreighttraffic)1.1經(jīng)濟和鐵路運量的增長及變化趨勢(GrowthanddevelopmenttrendofChineseeconomyandrailwaytrafficvolume）

第五頁，共61頁?？瓦\方面(Passengertransport)

客運量分擔率(Proportionofpassengervolume)

旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量分擔率(Proportionofpassengerturnover)

貨運方面(Freighttransport)

貨運量分擔率(Proportionoffreightvolume)貨物周轉(zhuǎn)量分擔率(Proportionoffreightturnover)1.2鐵路在全社會運量中分擔率的變化(Proportionofrailwaytrafficvolume)

第六頁，共61頁。國鐵和地方鐵路營業(yè)里程(State-ownedandlocalrailwaylengthinoperation)鐵路車輛保有量

鐵路客車保有量(Quantityofrailwaypassengervehicles)

鐵路貨車保有量(Quantityofrailwayfreightvehicles)鐵路機車總量(Quantityofrailwaylocomotives)1.3鐵路網(wǎng)的擴張和機車車輛增長(Developmentofrailwaynetworkandgrowthofrollingstocks)第七頁，共61頁。1.4路網(wǎng)技術(shù)含量提高(Modernizationofrailway)

鐵路復線率(Proportionofdoublelinerailway)

鐵路電氣化率(Proportionofelectrifiedrailway)

客貨列車速度(Speedsofpassengerandfreighttrains)鐵路貨車平均牽引重量(Averagetrainsgrossweight)第八頁，共61頁。1.5鐵路面向市場的改革與發(fā)展(Railwayreformanddevelopment)

鐵路提速(Railwayspeed-up)：

鐵路六次提速(Thesixthspeed-upofrailway)

快速客運網(wǎng)絡(luò)初步形成(Primaryformationofexpresspassengertransportnetwork)鐵路重載運輸發(fā)展(developmentofheavyhaultraffic):大秦線建設(shè)與重載單元列車開行(ConstructionofDatong-Qinhuangdaolineandrunningheavyhaulunittrains)

第九頁，共61頁。繁忙干線開行5000噸重載列車(Running5000theavyhaultrainsonbusymainline)鐵路集裝箱與快運列車開行(Runningcontainerandexpressfreighttrains)青藏高原鐵路建成通車(TheopeningtotrafficoftheQinghai-TibetRailway)鐵路管理體制改革（Railwaymanagementsystemreform)）第十頁，共61頁。2.中國鐵路改革與發(fā)展中的主要問題(MainproblemsofChineserailway)

2.1鐵路管理體制改革和綜合交通運輸體系建設(shè)滯后(Managementsystemreformofrailwayanddevelopmentofcomprehensivetransportsystem)體制改革滯后于其他交通方式(Managementsystemreformofrailwaylagbehindothertransportationmodes)缺乏綜合交通運輸體系在規(guī)劃、建設(shè)、運營宏觀的系統(tǒng)管理(Lackingsystemmanagementofprogramming,constructionandoperation)第十一頁，共61頁。2.2鐵路供需矛盾比較突出(Scarcityoftransportcapacity)：主要干線能力緊張、部分地區(qū)進出通道不暢(Scarcityofmainlinestransportcapacityandcongestionofrailwaypassagers)季節(jié)運能緊張問題突出、路網(wǎng)規(guī)?？偭棵黠@不足(Scarcityofseasonaltransportcapacityandnetworkscale)2.3鐵路技術(shù)進步有待加強(Urgentrequirementsofimprovingrailwaytechnology)提高鐵路高速、重載、信息化、安全技術(shù)水平和人力資源利用水平(Improverailwaytechnologyintheaspectsofhighspeed,heavyload,informatization,safetyandhumanresourceutilization)第十二頁，共61頁。2.4路網(wǎng)和運能結(jié)構(gòu)失衡(Unbalancedstructureofnetworkandtransportcapacity)客、貨混行，造成客、貨爭能(Mixedpassengerandfreightrailwayresultcontentionfortransportcapacity）運營與維修矛盾突出(Contradictionofoperationandmaintenance)運輸質(zhì)量不高(Thetransportqualityisnothigh)2.5信息化和現(xiàn)代化管理水平不高(Thelevelofinformatizationandmodernizationisnothigh)先進技術(shù)裝備運營效率低(Theoperationalefficiencyofadvancedtechnologyequipmentsislow)第十三頁，共61頁。3.我國鐵路運輸組織改革與創(chuàng)新的主要思路和對策(MainthoughtsandcountermeasuresofreformingChineserailwayorganization)3.1立足于建立和完善我國綜合交通運輸體系，加快鐵路發(fā)展和運輸組織改革，大力建設(shè)社會化交通運輸服務(wù)體系，大力發(fā)展旅客聯(lián)程運輸和貨物多式聯(lián)運，發(fā)揮鐵路在綜合交通運輸體系中的骨干和主導作用。Establishandimprovethe

comprehensivetransportsystem,acceleraterailwaydevelopmentandoperationalreform,constructthesocialtransportservicesystem,developintermodaltransportation,exerttheleadingroleofrailway.第十四頁，共61頁。3.2充分發(fā)揮鐵路的比較優(yōu)勢和可持續(xù)發(fā)展特征，努力發(fā)展高速鐵路、重載運輸、節(jié)能運輸和清潔運輸。Exertcomparativeadvantagesandsustainabledevelopmentcharacteristicsofrailwayanddevelophighspeedrailway,heavyloadtransport,energysavingandcleantransport.3.3加快客運專線建設(shè)，形成區(qū)域、城際、城市一體化快速軌道交通體系，盡快實現(xiàn)主要繁忙干線客貨分線運行，改善鐵路運能結(jié)構(gòu)。Accelerateconstructionofspecialrailwaypassengertransportlines,formregional,inter-cityandurbanintegrationrapidrailtransitsystem,separatepassengerandfreighttransportonbusymainlinesassoonaspossible.第十五頁，共61頁。3.4調(diào)整鐵路生產(chǎn)力布局，減少技術(shù)站數(shù)量，封閉運量小的中間站，實行集中化運輸，改革設(shè)備修程修制，調(diào)整機務(wù)段、車輛段布局和工務(wù)、電務(wù)維修養(yǎng)護體系。Adjustdistributionofrailwayproductiveforces,reducetechnicalservicestations,closesmallvolumeintermediatestations,implementcentralizedtransportation,reformequipmentrepairsystem,adjustandmergelocomotivedepots,cardepotsandmaintenancesystemofengineeringandelectricity.第十六頁，共61頁。3.5加快信息化建設(shè)，發(fā)展以先進信息技術(shù)為支撐的運輸過程和安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、運輸計劃編制與調(diào)度指揮系統(tǒng)，運輸管理與市場營銷決策系統(tǒng)，電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)等。

Accelerateinformatizationdevelopment,developadvancedinformationtechnologysupportingformonitoringsystemoftransportprocessandsafety,transportplanningandschedulingsystem,decision-makingsystemoftransportmanagementandmarketing,e-commercesystems.

第十七頁，共61頁。4.新世紀中國鐵路發(fā)展規(guī)劃(ProgrammingofChineserailwayinthe21stcentury)4.1鐵路客貨運量預測與路網(wǎng)規(guī)模需求(Forecastofrailwaypassengerandfreightvolumeanddemandofnetworkscale)2001—20107.5％2011—20207.0％全社會旅客發(fā)送量(Totalpassengertrafficvolume)鐵路客運量(Railwaypassengervolume)國家發(fā)展計劃(Nationaldevelopmentplanning)GDP平均增長速度(AveragegrowthspeedofGDP)鐵路旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量(Railwaypassengerturnover)億人次(hundredmillionperson-time)億人次(hundredmillionperson-time)萬億人公里(thousandbillionpassengerkm)2010250201.02020450402.1UnitYear第十八頁，共61頁。4.1鐵路客貨運量預測與路網(wǎng)規(guī)模需求(Forecastofrailwaypassengerandfreightvolumeanddemandofnetworkscale)2001—20107.5％2011—20207.0％全社會貨物發(fā)送量(Totalfreighttrafficvolume)鐵路貨運量(Railwayfreightvolume)國家發(fā)展計劃(Nationaldevelopmentplanning)GDP平均增長速度(AveragegrowthspeedofGDP)鐵路貨運周轉(zhuǎn)量(Railwayfreightturnover)億噸(hundredmillionton)億噸(hundredmillionton)萬億噸公里(thousandbilliontonkm)2010170-17528-302.1-2.22020200-21038-402.8-2.9UnitYear第十九頁，共61頁。合理布局(Reasonabledistribution)2020年規(guī)模(Scalein2020)13萬公里(tenthousandkm)12萬公里(tenthousandkm)11—13

萬公里(tenthousandkm)12萬公里左右(about0.1millionkm)路網(wǎng)規(guī)模影響因素(FactorsAffectingrailwaynetworkscale):國土面積(nationalarea),人口(population),生產(chǎn)力布局(productiveforcesdistribution),國家運輸政策(nationaltransportpolicy)合理結(jié)構(gòu)(Reasonablestructure)合理運輸負荷(Reasonableload)4.1鐵路客貨運量預測與路網(wǎng)規(guī)模需求(Forecastofrailwaypassengerandfreightvolumeanddemandofnetworkscale)第二十頁，共61頁。電氣化鐵路建設(shè)(Electrifiedrailwaydevelopment)可持續(xù)發(fā)展sustainabledevelopment燃油節(jié)省savingfuel環(huán)境保護environmentprotection2020年規(guī)模為6萬km占總里程的50%.Scalein2020willbe50000km,whichis50%oftotalscale電氣化鐵路electrifiedrailway4.1鐵路客貨運量預測與路網(wǎng)規(guī)模需求(Forecastofrailwaypassengerandfreightvolumeanddemandofnetworkscale)第二十一頁，共61頁。

建成在我國交通運輸中起骨干作用的大能力鐵路通道，形成快速客運網(wǎng)絡(luò)、重載煤炭運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)、快速集裝箱運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)，主要技術(shù)裝備達到國際先進水平，運輸能力適應(yīng)國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展需要。Buildtherailwaypassageswithagreatcapacity,formexpresspassengernetwork,heavyloadcoaltransportnetworkandexpresscontainertransportnetwork,developtheinternationaladvancedleveltechnologyequipments.Railwaytransportcapacitymeetstheneedsofeconomyandsocietydevelopment.4.2鐵路發(fā)展目標(Railwaydevelopmentgoal)本世紀頭20年鐵路網(wǎng)建設(shè)的總體目標(Railwaynetworkdevelopmentgoaluntil2020)第二十二頁，共61頁。4.2鐵路發(fā)展目標(Railwaydevelopmentgoal)具體要求(Specificrequirements

)路網(wǎng)規(guī)模迅速擴大(Enlargingrailwaynetworkscalerapidly)路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)更加合理(Morereasonablerailwaynetworkstructure)路網(wǎng)質(zhì)量極大提高(Greatimprovementsofrailwaynetworkquality)技術(shù)水平快速提升(Liftingtechnologyrapidly)第二十三頁，共61頁。4.3鐵路網(wǎng)發(fā)展規(guī)劃方案的基本框架(Frameworkofrailwaynetworkdevelopmentprogramming)2020年鐵路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃(RailwaynetworkProgrammingin2020)快速客運網(wǎng)

建設(shè)以京滬、京廣、京哈（含哈大）、滬廈深及徐州—蘭州、上?！L沙、青島—太原、滬漢蓉“四縱四橫”客運通道為骨架，包括珠三角、長三角和環(huán)渤海3個經(jīng)濟區(qū)的城際客運專線，總長1.6萬km的快速客運網(wǎng)。ConstructthefourverticalandthefourhorizontalincludingJing-Hu,Jing-Guang,Jing-Ha,Hu-Xia-Shen,Xuzhou-Lanzhou,Shanghai-Changsha,Qingdao-Taiyuan,Hu-Han-RongandintercityspecialpassengertransportlinesinPearlRiverDelta,YangtzeDeltaandaroundBohai.Thetotallengthofexpresspassengertransportnetworkwillbe16000km.

第二十四頁，共61頁。國土開發(fā)性新線(Landdevelopmentnewlines)

以擴大西部路網(wǎng)規(guī)模為主，增加鐵路路網(wǎng)密度，形成西部鐵路網(wǎng)骨架，完善中東部鐵路網(wǎng)骨架，全面提高對地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的適應(yīng)能力。

Extendthewesternrailwaynetworkscalemainly,increaserailwaynetworkdensity,formthewesternrailwaynetworkframework,developthestructuralframeofrailwaynetworksincentralandeasternChina,improvetheoveralladaptabilityofeconomicdevelopment.

2020年鐵路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃(RailwaynetworkProgrammingin2020)第二十五頁，共61頁。路網(wǎng)既有線(ExistingRailwayLines)

大力提高煤運通道能力，積極加強路網(wǎng)通道能力，適當提高一般通道能力，配套安排主要樞紐建設(shè)。規(guī)劃既有線增建二線1.3萬公里，既有線電氣化1.6萬公里。Increasetransportcapacityofcoalpassages,developpassagetransportcapacityactively,improvetransportcapacityofcommonpassagesproperly,arrangeconstructionofmainhubs.Theadditionalconstructionlengthofthesecondlineswillbe13000km.Theelectrifiedlengthofexistingrailwaylineswillbe16000km.

2020年鐵路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃(RailwaynetworkProgrammingin2020)第二十六頁，共61頁。聯(lián)系方式(Affiliation)：

Tel:(O)

E-mail:返回ThankYou!第二十七頁，共61頁。主要年度GDP增長情況

(GDPinmainyears)

ReturnthousandbillionYuan第二十八頁，共61頁。主要年份客運量

(passengervolumeinmainyears)Returnhundredmillionperson-timerailwayroadsum第二十九頁，共61頁。主要年份旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量

(passengerturnoverinmainyears)

Returnhundredmillionpassengerkmsumrailwayroadcivilaviation第三十頁，共61頁。主要年份旅客運輸平均運距統(tǒng)計

(Averagehauldistanceofpassengertransportinmainyears)

Returnkmcivilaviationroadrailwaysum第三十一頁，共61頁。主要年份貨運量

(Freightvolumeinmainyears)

Returnhundredmilliontonsumroadrailway第三十二頁，共61頁。主要年份貨物周轉(zhuǎn)量

(Freightturnoverinmainyears)

Returnhundredmilliontonkmsumwaterwayrailwayroad第三十三頁，共61頁。主要年份各運輸方式的貨物平均運距

(Averagehauldistanceoffreighttransportinmainyears)

Returnkmsumcivilaviationrailwayroad第三十四頁，共61頁。主要年份客運量分擔率

(Proportionofpassengervolumeinmainyears)Returnrailwayroad第三十五頁，共61頁。主要年份旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量分擔率(Proportionofpassengerturnoverinmainyears)Returnroadrailway第三十六頁，共61頁。主要年份貨運量分擔率(Proportionoffreightvolumeinmainyears)Returnrailwayroad第三十七頁，共61頁。主要年份貨物周轉(zhuǎn)量分擔率(Proportionoffreightturnoverinmainyears)Returnrailwayroad第三十八頁，共61頁。主要年份鐵路營業(yè)里程(Railwayoperatinglengthinmainyears)Returntenthousandkmtotalrailwaylengthstated-ownedrailway第三十九頁，共61頁。主要年份客車保有量(Passengervehiclesquantityinmainyears)returnsleeperpercent

passengercars

第四十頁，共61頁。主要年份貨車保有量(Freightvehiclesquantityinmainyears)Returntenthousand

freightcars

gondolacars

第四十一頁，共61頁。主要年份鐵路機車總量(Quantityoflocomotivesinmainyears)

Returnsteamlocomotivesdiesellocomotiveselectriclocomotives第四十二頁，共61頁。主要年度鐵路復線率(Proportionofdoublelinerailway)Returnnationwidelengthofdoublelinerailwayproportionofdoublelinerailway第四十三頁，共61頁。主要年份電氣化率(Proportionofelectrifiedrailway)Returnnationwidelengthofelectrifiedrailwayproportionofelectrifiedrailway第四十四頁，共61頁。鐵路客運列車速度(Speedsofpassengertrains)technicalspeedtravelingspeed第四十五頁，共61頁。鐵路貨運列車速度(Speedsoffreighttrains)Returntechnicalspeedtravelingspeed第四十六頁，共61頁。鐵路貨運列車平均牽引總重(Averagetractionweightoffreighttrains)ReturnAveragetractionweightoffreighttrains第四十七頁，共61頁。大秦線建設(shè)與重載單元列車開行(ConstructionofDaqinlineandrunningtrainswithheavyloadelements)

20世紀80年代中期我國自行設(shè)計和修建了大秦雙線電氣化重載運煤專線。該線開行單元式重載列車和組合式重載列車。2002年實現(xiàn)運煤突破1億噸，2005年實現(xiàn)年運量2億噸，2007年實現(xiàn)運量3億噸。大秦線通過實施配套擴能改造和新建工程，大量開行2萬噸列車，遠期煤炭運輸能力將提升到4億噸。

DaqinlinewasdesignedandbuiltupbyChinainthemiddleof1980s,whichwasthedoublelineandelectrifiedrailwayandrunselementandcombinedheavyhaultrains.Thecoalcarriedbythislineexceededonehundredmilliontonsin2002,exceededtwohundredmilliontonsin2005andrealizedthreehundredmilliontonsin2007.Thislineimplementscapacityexpansionrevampingandnewlybuiltengineeringandmainlyrunsof20000ttrains.Thelong-termcoaltransportcapacityofthislinewillbefourhundredmilliontons.第四十八頁，共61頁。Return第四十九頁，共61頁。五定班列與行包專列(Fivesetsregulartrainsandparceltrains)

1997年4月1日，我國在28個主要城市和港口間的鐵路干線上組織開行以集裝箱和高附加值貨物為主要貨源的遠程直達快運列車。Chinarunslongdistancenon-stoptrainsonarterialrailwaylinesamong28citiesandportswhichmainlycarrycontainersandhighadditionalvaluegoods.

在行包運輸領(lǐng)域以路外物流企業(yè)承包經(jīng)營的方式組織開行行包快運列車。2005年推出行包專列的升級產(chǎn)品—行郵專列，其中3個特快專列，在京滬穗哈間開行，最高時速160km/h。Chinarailwayoperatesparceltrainsinotherlogisticsenterprisescontractmanagementmannerandrunsparcelspecialtrainsin2005includingthreeexpressspecialparceltrainsamongJing-Hu-Sui-Haatamaximumrunningspeedof160km/h.Return第五十頁，共61頁。鐵路管理體制改革(Railwaymanagementsystemreform)1999年，鐵道部在鐵路局全面實行資產(chǎn)經(jīng)營責任制,建立企業(yè)扭虧增盈的機制，提前實現(xiàn)了三年扭虧目標。Ministryofrailwayscarriedoutassetsoperationresponsibilitysystemin1999andestablishedthereversinglossesintoprofitsmechanism.Thereversinglossestargetwasrealizedthreeyearsahead.

2004年實施主輔分離，鐵路附屬的工業(yè)公司、勘測設(shè)計院、施工企業(yè)、物資公司、通信公司移交國資委，所屬中小學、醫(yī)院全部移交地方政府。Theseparationofmainandsupplementwascarriedoutin2004.Industrialcompanies,surveyanddesigninstitutes,constructenterprises,materialcompanies,communicationscompanies,schoolsandhospitalsaffiliatedtotheministryofrailwaysweretransferredtolocalgovernments.第五十一頁，共61頁。調(diào)整生產(chǎn)力布局，延長機車運行交路，撤并站段，站段數(shù)量減少30％，按照集中化原則加強作業(yè)量大的客貨運站能力，優(yōu)化技術(shù)站作業(yè)分工。Adjustproductiveforcesdistribution,extentthelocomotiveworkingsystem,cancelandcombinestationsanddepots,reduce