上海名校2021年高二下試卷精選匯編——03.完形填空專題

2021年第二學(xué)期上海晉元中學(xué)高二年級(jí)3月單元反饋英語試卷

SectionA（15%）

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fill

ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Organizationsandsocietiesrelyonfinesandrewardstocontrolpeople'sself-interestintheserviceofthe

commongood.The___21___ofaticketkeepsdriversinline,andthepromiseofabonusinspireshighperformance.

Butincentives（激勵(lì)）canalso___22___,minifyingtheverybehaviorthey'remeanttoencourage.

Agenerationago,RichardTitmussclaimedthatpayingpeopletodonateblood___23___thesupply.

Economistswereskeptical,citingalackofscientificevidence.Butsincethen,newdataandmodelshaveprompted

aseachangeinhoweconomiststhinkaboutincentives—showing,amongotherthings,thatTitmusswasrightinso

manycasesthatbusinessesshould___24___.

Experimentaleconomistshavefoundthatofferingtopaywomenfordonatingblooddecreasesthenumber

willingtodonatebyalmosthalf,andthatlettingthemcontributethepaymenttocharity___25___theeffect.Dozens

ofrecentexperimentsshowthatrewardingself-interestwitheconomicincentivescanhavetheoppositeresultwhen

theydestroywhatAdamSmithcalled"themoralsentiments（情緒）Thepsychologyherehasescapedblackboard

economists,butitwillbenosurprisetopeopleinbusiness:Whenwetakeajoborbuyacar,wearenotonlytrying

togetstuff-wearealsotryingtobeacertainkindofperson.___26___,peopledesiretoberespectedbyothersas

ethicaland___27___.Andtheydon'twanttobetakenforlosers.Rewardingblooddonationsmaynotservethe

intendedpurposebecauseitsuggeststhatthedonorislessinterestedinbeing___28___thaninmakingadollar.

Incentivesalsorunintotroublewhentheysignalthattheemployer___29___theemployeeorisgreedy.Close

supervisionofworkerscoupledwith30forperformanceistextbookeconomics,butitcanleadtothe

depressionofemployees.

Perhapsmostimportant,incentivesaffectwhatouractionssignal,whetherwe'rebeingself-interestedor

civic-minded,manipulatedortrustedandtheycanimply-sometimeswrongly—what31us.Finesor

publiccriticismthatappealtoourmoralsentimentsbysignalingsocialdisapproval(thinkoflittering)canbehighly

effective.Butincentivesgowrongwhenthey32ordiminishourethicalsensibilities.

Thisdoesnotmeanit*s33toappealtoself-interestedandethicalmotivationsatthesame

time-justthateffortstodosooftenfail.34,policiessupportsociallyvaluedendsnotonlyby

controllingself-interestbutalsobyencouragingpublic-spiritedness.Thesmalltaxonplasticgrocerybagspassedby

lawinIrelandin2002thatresultedintheirvirtualeliminationappearstohavehadsuchaneffect.Itpunished

offenders35whileconveyingamoralmessage.Carryingaplasticbagjoinedwearingafurcoatinthe

galleryofanti-socialanachronisms.

21.A.temptationB.threatC.valueD.equivalent

22.A.overflowB.backfireC.surviveD.work

23.A.reducedB.affectedC.affordedD.balanced

24.A.cutbackB.standbyC.takenoteD.holdon

25.A.causeB.reverseC.takeD.detect

26.A.InotherwordsB.OnthecontraryC.BycontrastD.Inaddition

27.A.satisfiedB.determinedC.dignifiedD.discouraged

28.A.unselfishB.ambitiousC.thoughtfulD.aggressive

29.A.boastsB.valuesC.encouragesD.mistrusts

30.A.requirementB.criticismC.implicationD.reward

31.A.supportsB.threatensC.motivatesD.changes

32.A.refineB.offendC.controlD.arouse

33.A.impossibleB.strangeC.necessaryD.abnormal

34.A.RarelyB.OccasionallyC.SurprisinglyD.Ideally

35.A.publiclyB.severelyC.monetarilyD.mildly

【答案】21.B22.B23.A24.C25.B26.B27.C28.A29.A30.D

31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是議論文。本文就經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)產(chǎn)生適得其反結(jié)果的現(xiàn)象做了深入探討。。

[21題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：交通違章罰款單的威脅可使駕車者保持隊(duì)列，而關(guān)于獎(jiǎng)金紅利的許諾可以激發(fā)

高業(yè)績(jī)。A.temptation誘惑；B.threat威脅:C.value價(jià)值；D.equivalent對(duì)等的人；當(dāng)量。根據(jù)上文“Organizations

andsocietiesrelyonfinesandrewardstocontrolpeople'sself-interestintheserviceofthecommongood."可知,

各類組織和團(tuán)體依靠罰款和獎(jiǎng)金來控制人們?cè)诠娣?wù)中的自私自利。因此推斷交通罰單的威脅可以讓司

機(jī)有秩序。故選B。

[22題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是激勵(lì)也可能產(chǎn)生適得其反的結(jié)果——減少原本想要鼓勵(lì)的行為。A.overflow

溢出；B.backfire適得其反；C.survive幸存；D.work工作。根據(jù)下文“minifyingtheverybehaviorthey'remeant

toencourage."可知，激勵(lì)減少了原本要鼓勵(lì)的行為，因此產(chǎn)生了適得其反的結(jié)果。故選B。

【23題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：約20——30年之前，理查德?蒂特馬斯(RichardTitmuss)聲稱，付錢讓人們獻(xiàn)血

會(huì)減少血液供應(yīng)。A.reduced減少；B.affected影響；C.afforded給予；提供；D.balanced保持穩(wěn)定。根據(jù)上

文“Butincentives(激勵(lì))canalso2.minifyingtheverybehaviorthey'remeanttoencourage.“可知，激

勵(lì)可以產(chǎn)生適得其反的結(jié)果，減少原本要激勵(lì)的行為，因此推斷付錢讓人們獻(xiàn)血會(huì)減少供應(yīng)。故選A。

【24題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：但自那以后，新的數(shù)據(jù)和模型促使經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對(duì)激勵(lì)的看法發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變

化——這表明，蒂特馬斯在很多情況下都是正確的，企業(yè)應(yīng)該注意到這一點(diǎn)。A.cutback削減；B.standby

支持；袖手旁觀；C.takenote注意到；記筆記；D.holdon等一下；繼續(xù)。根據(jù)上文“Titmusswasrightinso

manycases”可推斷，蒂特馬斯在很多情況下都是正確，因此企業(yè)應(yīng)該注意。故選C。

(25題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，給捐血女性提供報(bào)酬使愿意捐血的人數(shù)減少了將近一半,

而讓她們將捐血所得貢獻(xiàn)給福利事業(yè)扭轉(zhuǎn)了這個(gè)局面。A.cause導(dǎo)致；B.reverse撤銷；顛倒；C.take拿；取；

D.detect發(fā)現(xiàn)：覺察。根據(jù)第一段的"Butincentives（激勵(lì)）canalso2minifyingtheverybehaviorthey're

meanttoencourage.?可推斷，激勵(lì)會(huì)產(chǎn)生適得其反的結(jié)果，因此推斷給捐血的女性報(bào)酬沒有更多的人獻(xiàn)血,

但是讓她們把捐血所得給福利事業(yè)就扭轉(zhuǎn)了局面。故選Bo

【26題詳解】

考查固定短語辨析。句意：恰恰相反，人們希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊嚴(yán)的

人。A.Inotherwords換句話說；B.Onthecontrary恰恰相反；C.Bycontrast相比之下；D.Inaddition此外。

根據(jù)上文“Dozensofrecentexperimentsshowthatrewardingself-interestwitheconomicincentivescanhavethe

oppositeresultwhentheydestroywhatAdamSmithcalled"themoralsentiments（情緒可知，大量近期的實(shí)

驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)激勵(lì)損害了亞當(dāng)?斯密所說的“道德情操”時(shí)，以經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)獎(jiǎng)賞私利可能產(chǎn)生適得其反的結(jié)果。

因此推斷，相反的，人們希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和美好情操的人。故選B。

（27題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：恰恰相反，人們希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊嚴(yán)

的人。A.satisfied滿意的；B.determined意志堅(jiān)定的；C.dignified有尊嚴(yán)的；D.discouraged灰心的。根據(jù)上

文“peopledesiretoberespectedbyothers”可知，人們希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和

有尊嚴(yán)的人。故選C。

[28題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)獻(xiàn)血可能達(dá)不到預(yù)期的目的，是因?yàn)樗岛熬柩邔?duì)無私奉獻(xiàn)的興

趣少于對(duì)掙錢的熱衷”之意。A.unselfish無私的：慷慨的；B.ambitious雄心勃勃的；C.thoughtful體貼的；

D.aggressive咄咄逼人的。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)ettingthemcontributethepaymenttocharity”可知，此處說的是無私

奉獻(xiàn)與掙錢進(jìn)行對(duì)比。故選A。

【29題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)激勵(lì)暗示雇主夸耀雇員或貪婪時(shí)，激勵(lì)也會(huì)遇到麻煩。A.boasts自吹自擂；

夸耀；B.values重視；C.encourages鼓勵(lì)；D.mistrusts不信任。由下文的"greedy”可推斷,此處表示雇主

過分夸耀雇工，激勵(lì)也會(huì)遇到麻煩，故選A。

【30題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：密切監(jiān)督員工并對(duì)其表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是典型的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，但這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致員工的抑

郁。A.requirement要求；B.criticism批評(píng)；C.implication暗示；D.reward獎(jiǎng)賞。根據(jù)下文“forperformance

istextbookeconomics”和常識(shí)可知，員工會(huì)因?yàn)楹玫谋憩F(xiàn)被給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選D。

[31題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：或許最為重要的是，激勵(lì)影響我們的行為所傳達(dá)的信息：我們是自私自利還是

熱心公益，被操控還是被信任，而且激勵(lì)可以暗示——有時(shí)錯(cuò)誤地暗示——我們的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么。A.supports

支持；B.threatens威脅；C.motivates激勵(lì)；D.change改變。由破折號(hào)后對(duì)前文"whetherwe'rebeing

self-interestedorcivic-minded,manipulatedortrusted（我們是自私自利還是熱心公益，被操控還是被信任）”

解釋說明可知，此處說的是是什么激勵(lì)了我們。故選C。

【32題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通過傳達(dá)社會(huì)的不贊同來啟發(fā)我們的道德情操的罰款或者公開批評(píng)（如亂丟

垃圾）頗具成效?？墒且坏┯|犯或者削弱了我們的道德感情，激勵(lì)就會(huì)出問題。A.refine改善；B.offend冒

犯；C.control控制；D.arouse引起。由But可推斷,上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文“Finesorpubliccriticism

thatappealtoourmoralsentimentsbysignalingsocialdisapproval（thinkoflittering）canbehighlyeffective."可

推斷，觸犯或者削弱道德情感會(huì)讓激勵(lì)出問題。故選B。

[33題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這并不意味著同時(shí)啟發(fā)自私自利且合乎道德的動(dòng)機(jī)是不可能的——只是這

樣的努力往往以失敗告終。A.impossible不可能的；B.strange奇怪的；C.necessary必要的；D.abnormal不

正常的。根據(jù)下文"policiessupportsociallyvaluedendsnotonlybycontrollingself-interestbutalsoby

encouragingpublic-spiritedness.（政策不但要通過治理自私，而且要通過鼓勵(lì)公共道德來擁護(hù)社會(huì)上受重視

的目標(biāo)）”可知，這并不意味著同時(shí)啟發(fā)自私自利且合乎道德的動(dòng)機(jī)是不可能的。故選A。

[34題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：理想的狀況下，政策不但要通過治理自私，而且要通過鼓勵(lì)公共道德來擁護(hù)

社會(huì)上受重視的目標(biāo)。A.Rarely很少；B.Occasionally偶爾；C.Surprisingly出人意料地；D.Ideally理想地。

根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，既治理了自私又鼓勵(lì)了公共道德是理想的。故選D。

【35題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：它在從金錢上懲罰違規(guī)者的同時(shí).，也傳達(dá)/一種道德信息。A.publicly公然地;

B.severely嚴(yán)重地；C.monetarily財(cái)政地；從金錢上；D.mildly溫和地。根據(jù)上文“Thesmalltaxonplaslic

grocerybagspassedbylawinIrelandin2002thatresultedintheirvirtualeliminationappearstohavehadsuchan

effect.（2002年愛爾蘭通過的向塑料雜貨袋征收小額稅款（的法案）取得了實(shí)際上消除塑料袋的結(jié)果，這似

乎就起到了這樣的效果。）”可知，從金錢上懲罰了冒犯者。故選C。

2021年第二學(xué)期格致中學(xué)第一次測(cè)驗(yàn)高二年級(jí)英語試卷

SectionA(15%)

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fill

ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

LawmakersinNewJerseyrecentlyadvancedabillthatwouldbanbusinessesfromgoingcashless—amove

thatwouldputthestateatoddswiththeglobaltrendtowardelectronicpaymentsbutwould41

resistancefromlocalofficialswhoseeno-cashpoliciesasunfair.

Almost1outof3Americansin2018saytheydon'tusecashduringatypicalweekofpurchases,accordingto

thePewstudyreleasedthisweek.ThefindingsrevealthatAmericansarebecominglessreliantonpapercurrency,

mirroring42inSweden,IndiaandChina.Butstateandlocalofficialssaythatrestaurantsandshopsthat

adoptcashlesspolicieshaveleftsomemembersofthecommunitybehind—individualswithoutthe___43to

openabankaccountorwholackaccesstothemobileappsthatpowerdigitalpayments.

TheNewJerseymeasure,whichwouldapplyonlytoface-to-facesalesandwould___44Internetand

phonepurchases,comesasofficialspush45effortstobarno-cashrulesinNewYorkandPhiladelphia.

46cashlesspoliciesofferconsumersthepromiseofconvenienceandprovidebusinessesgreater

protectionagainsttheft,theyalsocanexcludelow-incomeconsumersorundocumentedimmigrants,criticssay.

"Cash-freebusinessesarediscriminatorybydesignandpose____47tolow-incomecommunitiesthatmay

nothaveaccesstocredit,'*NewYorkCouncilmemberTorressaidonTwitterwhenheintroducedabillthatwould

banthepractice.

AccordingtothePewstudy,thedeclineintheuseof48cunencyisunevenamongthepopulation

whenrace,ageandincomeareaccountedfor.Pewfoundasignificant___49incashlessadoptiontiedto

annualhouseholdincome,withadultsmakingatleast$75,000morethantwiceaslikelytomakealltheir

purchaseswithoutusingcashinatypicalweek,50withpeoplewhomakelessthan$30,000.ThePew

findingssuggestthatthe___51____ofgoingcashlessmaycomewithacostthatonlysomegroupsofpeoplewill

bear.Americanswithlowerincomesareroughlyfourtimesaslikelyashigherearnerstomakealmostalloftheir

purchaseswithcash,accordingtothestudy.

Ashasbeennoted,businessleadershave52cashlesspoliciesbyreferringtohighersecurityand

53____customerserviceandefficiency.Someadvocateshavefocusedonprovidingpeoplewhoare

underservedbythe54bankingsystemwithmoreaffordableoptions,attackingtherootcausebehindthe

55____ofcashlesspayments.

41.A.setupB.putupC.backupD.stepup

42.A.depositsB.exchangesC.shiftsD.currencies

43.A.ideasB.meansC.directionsD.outlets

44.A.attractB.excludeC.advanceD.include

45.A.oppositeB.associatedC.similarD.collective

46.A.WhileB.ProvidedC.BecauseD.As

47.A.discountsB.trapsC.challengesD.risks

48.A.electronicB.physicalC.virtualD.digital

49.A.similarityB.expenseC.gapD.consumption

50.A.linkedB.associatedC.combinedD.compared

51.A.outcomesB.effectsC.benefitsD.disadvantages

52.A.adoptedB.defendedC.developedD.criticized

53.A.hinderedB.accomplishedC.improvedD.desired

54.A.traditionalB.fadingC.aggressiveD.unqualified

55.A.transformationsB.developmentsC.criticismsD.creations

41-55CCBBCACBCDCBCAC

復(fù)旦附中2022屆高二下英語銜接練習(xí)

LawmakersinNewJerseyrecentlyadvancedabillthatwouldbanbusinessesfromgoingcashless-amove

thatwouldputthestateatoddswiththeglobaltrendtowardelectronicpaymentsbutwould11

resistancefromlocalofficialswhoseeno-cashpoliciesasunfair.

Almost1outof3Americansin2018saytheydon'tusecashduringatypicalweekofpurchases,accordingto

thePewstudyreleasedthisweek.ThefindingsrevealthatAmericansarebecominglessreliantonpapercurrency,

mirroring12inSweden,IndiaandChina.Butstateandlocalofficialssaythatrestaurantsandshopsthat

adoptcashlesspolicieshaveleftsomemembersofthecommunitybehind-individualswithoutthe13

toopenabankaccountorwholackaccesstothemobileappsthatpowerdigitalpayments.

TheNewJerseymeasure,whichwouldapplyonlytoface-to-facesalesandwould____14Internetand

phonepurchases,comesasofficialspush15effortstobarno-cashrulesinNewYorkandPhiladelphia.

16____cashlesspoliciesofferconsumersthepromiseofconvenienceandprovidebusinessesgreater

protectionagainsttheft,theyalsocanexcludelow-incomeconsumersorundocumentedimmigrants,criticssay.

"Cash-freebusinessesarediscriminatorybydesignandpose17____tolow-incomecommunitiesthatmay

nothaveaccesstocredit,'*NewYorkCouncilmemberTorressaidonTwitterwhenheintroducedabillthatwould

banthepractice.

AccordingtothePewstudy,thedeclineintheuseof18currencyisunevenamongthepopulation

whenrace,ageandincomeareaccountedfor.Pewfoundasignificant19____incashlessadoptiontiedto

annualhouseholdincome,withadultsmakingatleast$75,000morethantwiceaslikelytomakealltheir

purchaseswithoutusingcashinatypicalweek,20withpeoplewhomakelessthan$30,000.ThePew

findingssuggestthatthe21____ofgoingcashlessmaycomewithacostthatonlysomegroupsofpeople

willbear.Americanswithlowerincomesareroughlyfourtimesaslikelyashigherearnerstomakealmostallof

theirpurchaseswithcash,accordingtothestudy.

Ashasbeennoted,businessleadershave22cashlesspoliciesbyreferringtohighersecurityand

23customerserviceandefficiency.Someadvocateshavefocusedonprovidingpeoplewhoare

underservedbythe24bankingsystemwithmoreaffordableoptions,attackingtherootcausebehindthe

25ofcashlessDavments.

11.A.setupB.putupC.backupD.stepup

12.A.depositsB.exchangesC.shiftsD.currencies

13.A.ideasB.meansC.directionsD.outlets

14.A.attractB.excludeC.advanceD.include

15.A.oppositeB.associatedC.similarD.collective

16.A.WhileB.ProvidedC.BecauseD.As

17.A.discountsB.trapsC.challengesD.risks

18.A.electronicB.physicalC.virtualD.digital

19.A.similarityB.expensec.gapD.consumption

20.A.linkedB.associatedC.combinedD.compared

21.A.outcomesB.effectsC.benefitsD.disadvantages

22.A.adoptedB.defendedC.developedD.criticized

23.A.hinderedB.accomplishedC.improvedD.desired

24.A.traditionalB.fadingC.aggressiveD.unqualified

25.A.transformationsB.developmentsC.criticismsD.creations

11-25CCBBCACBCDCBCAC

上海交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2020?2021學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高二英語摸底考試卷

China'sChang'dhasbeenoperatingflawlesslysinceitlandedonthefarsideoftheMooninJanuary2019.Its

arrivalwaslaterfollowedbytheappearanceofBeresheet,aprobebuiltbytheIsraelinon-profitorganization

Spacell.ItreachedtheMooninAprilbutcrashedduringitslanding.Spacellhassinceannouncedthatitintendsto

takeanother_31.Atthesametime,theUnitedStateshaspromisedtosetuplunarlaboratoriesinthenearfuture,

whileEuropeandRussiahavealso32planstolaunchcomplexmissions.Suddenly,everyoneisgoingtothe

Moon.

Afterthe33excitementoverNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrin'shistoric

missioninJuly1969,publicinterestinthefutureofhumanspaceflightgradually34.Sowhathassuddenly

madeEarth*sonlypermanentnaturalsatellitesopopularagain?

Onereasonforthis35_towardsexploitingtheMoonisthathumankindhassimplyreachedastageof

technologicalevolutionthathasenabledthisprogression,whichis36totheothergreattrendsofexploration

throughouthistory.

DavidParkerfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgencyseesparticular37withourconquestofAntarctica.TheEarth's

southernmostcontinentwasopenedupbytechnologicaladvances-motorizedvehicles,airtransport,radioand

otherdevelopments-thatare38inthenewsciencesofmachinelearning,sensor（傳感器）technology,androbotics.

These39totransformlunarexplorationinonecruciallyimportantway:byreducingtheneedforthecontinual

presenceofhumansinhostileenvironments.AndthesuccessofChina'sChang*e-4providesanexampleofwhatcan

beachievedwithouthuman40

Masteringaharshenvironmentthatisdistantwillrequireustoovercomeallsortsoftechnologicalhurdles.

Thenwewillbebetter41whenwestartlookingatMars,whichis400millionkilometersaway—amillion

timesfartherfromEarththantheISS.Formanyspaceenthusiasts,theexplorationandexploitationoftheMoonis

necessaryifwearetosendpeopletoMars."That'stherealgoalforhumanity,"saysParker.

Thereis,however,anothermorepoignant（辛酸的）reasonforreturningtotheMoon.SixApollomissions

madeittothelunarsurface,eachcrewedbytwomen.42,onlytwelvehumanshaveeverhadfirst-handknowledge

ofstandingonanotherworld,onlyfourofwhomarestillalive.43theirage,wecouldsoonfindourselvesina

timewhentherearenohumansleftwiththefirst-handmemoryofanotherworld.I,likemillionsofotherpeople,

feelthatitwouldbea44shouldthisrealityonedaycometopass.

WhentheApolloastronautswereflyingtotheMoon,itseemedlikesciencefictioncometrue.Itwouldbegood

ifwecouldbringbackthatsenseof45,ifnothingelse.

31.A.luckB.riskC.lookD.shot

32.A.revealedB.unlockedC.exposedD.demonstrated

33.A.increasingB.initialC.ultimateD.genuine

34.A.diedoutB.wornoffC.passeddownD.leftbehind

35.A.shiftB.evolutionC.passionD.preference

36.A.favorableB.availableC.comparableD.accountable

37.A.associationB.harmonyC.agreementD.parallels

38.A.importedB.mirroredC.transferredD.applied

39.A.promiseB.contributeC.resolveD.intend

40AinterferenceRdestructionCinvolvementDemerQence

41.A.informedB.enlightenedC.armedD.converted

42.A.ThusB.NeverthelessC.OtherwiseD.Furthermore

43.A.DespiteB.BeyondC.RegardingD.Given

44.A.tragedyB.destinyC.blowD.revelation

45.A.fulfillmentB.wonderC.dutyD.identity

31-35:DABBA36-40CDBAC41-45CADAB

2020-2021學(xué)年上海市市西中學(xué)高二期末試卷

Whocomesfirst?

Achild'splaceinthefamilybirthordermayplayaroleinthetypeofoccupationsthatwillinteresthimorher

asanadult,newresearchsuggests.Intworelatedstudies,researchersfoundthatonlychildren-andtoacertain

extentfirst-bornchildren---weremoreinterestedinintellectualcareersthan,later-bornchildren.37,

later-bornchildrenweremoreinterestedinbothartisticandoutdoor-relatedcareers.

Theseresult38___theoriesthatsayourplaceinfamilybirthorderwillinfluenceourpersonality,said

FrederickT.L.Leong,co-authorofthestudyandprofessorofpsychologyatOhioUniversity."Parents

39placedifferentdemandsandhavedifferentexpectationsofchildrendependingontheirbirthorder.'1

nForexample,parentsmaybeextremely____40ofonlychildrenandworryabouttheirphysicalsafety.

Thatmaybewhyonlychildrenaremorelikelytoshowinterestinacademicpursuitsratherthanphysical

or___41___activities.Anonlychildwilltendtogetmoretimeandattentionfromtheirparentsthanchildrenwith

sistersorbrothers.Thiswilloftenmakethemfeelspecialbutthe___42___isthattheymaysufferfromjealousy

andlonelinesswhenfriendsdiscusstheirbrothersandsistersandfamilylife.v

Thefirst-bornisanonlychilduntilthesecondchildcomesalong-transformingthemfrombeingthecentreof

attention,tothen___43___thecareofparents.Parentswillalsoexpectthemtoberesponsibleand"setan

example55.The44frombeingthefocusofafamilymaybequiteashockandsoshapethefirst-born's

outlookonlife45,first-bornsmaytrytogetbacktheirparents9attentionandapprovalbyachieving

successintheircareers.Ilis___46___thatfirst-bornsaresignificantlymoreoftenfoundaspoliticalleadersthan

anyotherbirth-orderposition.

Beingtheyoungestinthefamilycansometimesbea(n)___47___experience,especiallyifthechildwantsto

betakenseriouslyandtreatedlikeanadult.Thelast-bomismorelikelythantheotherbirth-orderpositionstotake

updangeroussports.Thismaybea(n)___48___ofthelast-bom'srebelliousness—aresultofbeingfedupwith

alwaysbeingbossedaboutbyeveryoneelseinthefamily.

Middlechildren,however,havedifferent___49___."Middle-childsyndrome^^canmeanfeeling

___50__betweentwoother“moreimportant“people???anolderbrotherorsisterwhogetsalltherightsandis

treatedlikeanadultandayoungeronewhogetsailtheprivilegesandistreatedlikeaspoiltchild.Middle-born's

havetolearntogetonwitholderandyoungerchildren,andthismaycontributetothembecominggood

negotiators---ofallthebirth-orderpositionstheyaremostskillfulat___51___bothauthorityfiguresandthose

holdinginferiorpositions.

37.A.InadditionB.IncontrastC.TobefrankD.Tosumup

38.A.fitintoB.turnoverC.leadtoD.serveas

39.A.sensiblyB.initiallyC.typicallyD.patiently

40.A.confidentB.demandingC.ashamedD.protective

41.A.outdoorB.unknownC.socialD.relaxing

42.A.differenceB.purposeC.disadvantageD.benefit

43.A.sharingB.keepingC.gainingD.wasting

44.A.sharingB.keepingC.gainingD.wasting

45.A.feedbackB.preventionC.reliefD.change

46.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.Otherwise

47.A.confusingB.worthwhileC.trueD.fine

48.A.excitingB.frustratingC.commonD.invaluable

49.A.honourB.rewardC.riskD.issues

50.A.achievementsB.advantagesC.hobbiesD.issues

51.A.sandwichedB.connectedC.distinguishedD.stimulated

52.A.workingoutB.dependingonC.dealingwithD.lookingafter

Keys:37-40BACD41-45ACADB46-50CBDDA

上海曹楊二中2020學(xué)年高二下期中考試英語試卷

Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fill

ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Crowd-fundingcampaignswhichhelppeoplewithcancerpayforineffectivealternativetreatmentsare

becomingmorecommon.Theyoftencomewithsix-figuretargetsto___41___thecostofdebatabletherapies.As

aresult,headlinesarealmostguaranteed.

TheBMJ(BritishMedicalJournal)expresses___42___overthis,basedoninformationIgathered

workingforthecharityGoodThinking.BysortingfundraisingsiteslikeJustGivingandGoFundMe,Iidentified

appealsfrompeopleintheUKwhosoughtmoneyforthese___43___treatments,finding400inthepastthree

years.Thosehaveraised￡7million,theamountonlyillegalclinicswillnormallycharge.

Althoughthetreatments,suchasextremediets,aren'tbackedbyscientificevidence,people