人教版七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)4單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)題---副本-(2)詞匯拓展（1)play.玩；打（球）；彈（樂(lè)器）→playern.運(yùn)動(dòng)員；播放器（2）noisen.噪音；→noisyadj吵鬧的；暗雜的→noisilyadv.吵鬧地；嘈雜地（3）luckn運(yùn)氣；幸運(yùn)→luckyadj幸運(yùn)的；運(yùn)氣好的→luckilyad.幸運(yùn)地；運(yùn)氣好地（4）learnv.學(xué)習(xí)；學(xué)會(huì)→learnern.初學(xué)者；學(xué)習(xí)的人（5）read讀；讀書(shū)；閱讀→readern讀者(6)importantadj.重要的→importancen.重要；重要性（7）quietadj.安靜的→quietlyadv.安靜地；靜靜地（8）relaxn.放松；輕松v.使放松→relaxingadj.令人放松的→relaxedadj.放松的；感覺(jué)輕糊（9）terribleadj.可怕的；糟糕的；→terriblyadv.可怕地；極壞地；二、短語(yǔ)（1）schoolrules校規(guī)；學(xué)校規(guī)章制度（2）familyrule家規(guī)（3）dininghall餐廳（4）musicroom音樂(lè)室（5）MrClark克拉克先生（6）toomany太多的（7）haveto必須；不得不（8）wearauniform穿制服（9）g0out外出；到外面去（10）arrivelatefor遲到同belatefor（11）belatefor遲到（12）do（one's)homework做家庭作業(yè)（13）dothedishes洗餐具（14）makebreakfast做早餐（15）makethebed整理床鋪（16）makerules制定規(guī)章制度（17）followtherules遵守規(guī)章制度（18）breaktherules違反規(guī)章制度（19）havefun玩得開(kāi)心=haveagoodtime（20）thinkabout考慮；認(rèn)為；（21）keepone'shairshort留短發(fā)（22）leavesth.+在某地把某物留在某處，把某物遺忘在某處practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事listento聽(tīng)……聽(tīng)……的聲音/說(shuō)話聲helpsb.(to)dosth幫助某人做某事wantsb.todosth.要某人去做某事onschooldays在上學(xué)的日子bestrictwithsb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格afterschool放學(xué)后例如：BringyourEnglishbooktomyoffice.辨析：bring＆take1）bring指從別處將某人或者某物帶到說(shuō)話人所在的地方。例如：Pleasebringyourfamilyphototomorrow.2）take意為“帶走，拿走”時(shí)，指把某人或者某物從說(shuō)話人所在地帶走。例如：Hisfatheroftentakeshimtothezooonweekends.知識(shí)點(diǎn)listenlisten是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“聽(tīng),傾聽(tīng)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作，后面接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要加上介詞to。例如：Weshouldlistentotheteachercarefully.Listen!Someoneissinginginthegarden.拓展：hear,listen和sound的辨析三個(gè)詞都有“聽(tīng)”的意思，具體區(qū)別如下：hear意思是“聽(tīng)說(shuō)，聽(tīng)到”，側(cè)重聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。例如：Iheardsomeonecryinthenextroomlastnight.listen意思是“聽(tīng)”，側(cè)重聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作。例如：Listen!Someoneiscrying.sound作動(dòng)詞講時(shí)是連系動(dòng)詞，意為“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，后面跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Itsoundsgood!聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)！知識(shí)點(diǎn)toomany和toomuch及muchtoo的區(qū)別運(yùn)用（1）toomany“太多的”用在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示數(shù)目繁多，超過(guò)一般限度。如：Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.我家有太多的家規(guī)。Therearetoomanystudentsintheschool.在這個(gè)學(xué)校有太多的學(xué)生。（2）toomuch“太多的”用在不可數(shù)名詞前，表數(shù)量特別大，超出一般的量。如：Nowmanystudentsoftensaytheyhavetoomuchhomeworkafterschool.現(xiàn)在許多學(xué)生經(jīng)常說(shuō)他們課后有太多的家庭作業(yè)。Don'tdrinktoomuchmilk.不要喝太多的牛奶。（3）muchtoo“太……”表示的意思比“too”“太”還深。用在形容詞或副詞前，修飾形容詞或副詞。如：Thebackpackismuchtooheavy.Icantcarryit.這個(gè)雙肩包太重了，我背不動(dòng)它。It'smuchtoocoldtoday.Wehavetostayathome.今天天氣太冷了。我們不得不呆在家中。知識(shí)點(diǎn)must與haveto的區(qū)別一．must的用法

（表主觀）must表示主觀的義務(wù)和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句,意思為必須……，應(yīng)當(dāng)…..

的意思

.由must引起的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答要用must或have

to,否定回答要用needn’t或don’t

have

to,意思是“不必”。

must的否定形式是must

not(mustn't)，表示“不應(yīng)該”、“不可”、“不許”的意思，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)烈。如：You

mustn't

waste

your

time.你不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Must

we

hand

in

our

exercise

books

today?

—Yes,

you

must.是的，必須今天交。

—No,

you

needn't.不必今天交。

二．have

to的用法（表客觀）have

to常表示因客觀需要必須做某事，有“必須”、“不得不”的意思，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形。

其單三形式是has

to

過(guò)去式是had

to，

have

to的否定形式是don't

have

to，意為“不必要”，相當(dāng)于needn't。

如：

You

don't

have

to

tell

her

about

it.你不必把這件事告訴她。

have

to

的疑問(wèn)式和否定式通常借助助動(dòng)詞do

(does)/did

等構(gòu)成。知識(shí)點(diǎn)fight作動(dòng)詞，意為“打架、打仗”。其過(guò)去式為fought.●fightfor“為…而斗爭(zhēng)”，后面常接抽象名詞，表示為事業(yè)、自由等而斗爭(zhēng)。Eg:Theyarefightingforfreedom.●fightagainst“為反對(duì)…而戰(zhàn)斗”，后接事物名詞、人和國(guó)家名詞。Eg:Theyfoughtagainsttheenemy.他們和敵人作戰(zhàn)?！駀ightwith“和…打架”，“同…（并肩）戰(zhàn)斗”，后只接表示人或國(guó)家的名詞。Eg:Don’tfightwithhim.祈使句概念：用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、建議等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，句子沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，句末使用感嘆號(hào)或者句號(hào)。例如：Openthedoorquickly！快打開(kāi)門！構(gòu)成1.祈使句的肯定句。1）以系動(dòng)詞be開(kāi)頭的祈使句。這種句式的結(jié)構(gòu)是：Be動(dòng)詞＋其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等)例如：Bequiet/quick!Beagoodstudent!Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.2）以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的祈使句。這種祈使句的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分。例如：Comein,please！請(qǐng)進(jìn)！Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.請(qǐng)起立。3）let句型。這種祈使句的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：Let’s/letus+動(dòng)詞原形；或者是Let+賓語(yǔ)+其他。Let’splayfootball！我們一起踢足球吧！Letmehelpyou.讓我來(lái)幫你。2.祈使句的否定句。1）Don't+動(dòng)詞原形。Don'tbecareless.別粗心。Don’tbelateagain.不要再遲到。Don'tletthemplaywithfire.別讓他們玩火。Don’tlookatyourbooks.不要看書(shū)。2）Let引起的祈使句的否定形式。a.Let's(Letsb.)+not+動(dòng)詞原形。Let'snotsayanythingaboutit.對(duì)于這件事，咱們什么也別說(shuō)。Letthemnotplaywithfire.別讓他們玩火。b.Don’t+let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。Don’tletJimdothat.別讓吉姆做那事。Don’tletusgo,please.請(qǐng)不要讓我們走。3）在公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名詞/V-ing形式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照！Noparking!禁止停車！3.祈使句的回答。祈使句的動(dòng)作通常是表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以回答祈使句時(shí)，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時(shí)，要注意兩點(diǎn)：1)形式一致：即Yes與will保持一致；No與won’t保持一致。2)意思相反：即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答時(shí)，要注意分析上下文語(yǔ)境中所提供的條件。例如：－Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.請(qǐng)不要出去。外面雨下得很大。－Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去機(jī)場(chǎng)接我弟弟。一、用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Wehaveto_wear_____(wear)uniformstoschooleveryday.2.Jim_has_____(have)tobrushhisteethbeforegoingtobed.3.Mymotheroftenasksmetopractice__playing_____(play)theviolin.4.Don’t_bring_____(bring)musicplayerstoschool.5.Don’tbe_noisy____(noise)inthelibrary.6.Everyonefeels_relaxed_____(relax)whentheylistentolightmusic.7.Theweatheris_terribly_____(terrible)hot.8.DoesJack__do____(do)hishomeworkontime?9.She_doesn’tlike_____(notlike)playingbasketball.10.Ihaveto_getup_____(getup)atsixo’clock.二、單項(xiàng)選擇（B）1.IthinkEnglishis______usefullanguage,andit’salso______importantlanguage.A.an,a B.a,an C.an,the D.a,the（B）2.Practice______Englisheveryday.It’sgoodforyou.A.speakB.speakingC.tospeakD.speaks（C）3.Mymotherhelpsmysister______thebedeverymorning.A.takeB.getC.makeD.do（A）4.OnweekendsIusuallygotothefarm(農(nóng)場(chǎng))______myparents.A.tohelpB.helpC.forhelpingD.helping（A）5.

Please

listen

____

the

teacher

carefully

(認(rèn)真).A.

to

B.

on

C.

at

D.

of

（B）6.Students

can’t

_____

hats

in

the

classroom.

A.

put

on

B.

wear

C.

in

D.

wearing（D）7.Please

help

me

_____

English.

A.

speaking

B.

to

learning

C.

with

speak

D.

tolearn（A）8.Let’s________forawalk. A.go B.togoC.going D.goes（B）9.—What’syourfamilyrule？—Ican’tplayafterschool．I______domyhomeworkfirst．A．canB．havetoC．don’tD．can’t（B）10.runintheclassroom，boysA．NotB．Don’tC．Can’tD．Doesn’t（D）11.—Whereareyourclassmates?—They’reinthetohavelunch．A．libraryB．classroomC．musicroomD．dininghall（C）12.—What’syourmathteacherlike?—Heisalwaysstrictus．A．inB．toC．withD．a(chǎn)t（A）13.Tinaalwayslateforschool．A．a(chǎn)rrivesB．getC．a(chǎn)rriveD．toget（B）14.Therearerulesinourschool．Ican’tstandsomeofthem．A．toomuchB．toomanyC．muchtooD．manytoo（A）15.IhavetwoticketsforTFBOYS’concert．Youhecangowithme．A．Either；orB．Neither；norC．Both；andD.Either;nor(D)16.Jillis________8-year-oldgirl.Sheusuallywears________uniformatschool.A．a(chǎn)；aB．a(chǎn)；anC．a(chǎn)n；anD．a(chǎn)n；a(A)17.—Emmacangoout________schoolnights，butshemustbeback________teno'clock.—Oh，Isee.A．on；beforeB．on；afterC．in；beforeD．in；after(A)18.—Whereisyourmom?—She'swashingthedishesinthe________.A．kitchenB．classroomC．libraryD．hallways(D)19.Oh，it'sso________here.Ican'tdomyhomework.A．bigB．tidyC．newD．noisy(B)20.—Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?—It's________.Idon'tlikeit.A．relaxingB．terribleC．importantD．interesting(D)21.—Howdoesyourgrandpa________healthy?—Heeatswellandexerciseseveryday.A．makeB．leaveC．findD．keep(A)22.—Jim，canyou________yourmodelcartoschoolandshowittous?—Sure.A．bringB．sellC．cleanD．follow(B)23.Ericpractices________acareverySundayafternoon.A．driveB．drivingC．todrivingD．todrive(A)24.—Dalealwaysgetstoschool________inthemorning.—Yeah！He'sagoodstudent.He'sneverlateforschool.A．ontimeB．onSundayC．onweekendsD．onschoolnights(B)25.—Boysandgirls！Please________me.—OK.Whatdoyouwanttotellus?A．makeofB．listentoC．helpwithD．thinkabout(C)26.Jenny，________arrivelateagain.MissMillerwillbeunhappy.A．doesn'tB．notC．don'tD．no(D)27.—WhataretherulesfortheSportsCenter?—Wecanhavesomedrinks(飲料)________wecan'teatfoodthere.A．soB．orC．a(chǎn)ndD．but(A)28.Ihave________rulesathome.A．toomanyB．toomuchC．muchtooD．manytoo(C)29.—Ican'twatchTVfromMondaytoFriday.Whataboutyou?—Ican't________.A．a(chǎn)lsoB．onlyC．eitherD．too(A)30.—I'llhaveanEnglishtestthisFriday.—________.A．GoodluckB．You'rewelcomeC．SoundsgoodD．That'sOK三、完形填空。(10分)DearMr.Smith，I'mamiddleschoolstudentinShanghai.Myparentsare__36__withme，andtheymakelotsof__37__formeathome.Ihavetogetup__38__5：40everymorning.Ihaveto__39__Englishforanhourbeforebreakfast.Ican'tplaywithmyfriendsafterschool，__40__Ihavetogethomeearly.IntheeveningIcan'tgoout.Ihavetodomyhomeworkandthen__41__thepianoforonehour.Ihavenotimeto__42__．Onweekends，twotutors(家庭教師)cometomyhome.They__43__mewithmymathandEnglish.Iamreallynot__44__withalltheserules.Ineverhavefunathome.__45__canIdo？Pleasehelpme.Yours，ZhangYue(A)36.A.strictB．kindC．rightD．same(C)37.A.clothesB．foodC．rulesD．work(D)38.A.inB．onC．toD．a(chǎn)t(B)39.A.watchB．readC．lookD．talk(C)40.A.butB．a(chǎn)lsoC．becauseD．so(D)41.A.buyB．findC．cleanD．practice(C)42.A.speakB．fightC．relaxD．wear(B)43.A.teachB．helpC．learnD．call(D)44.A.sorryB．healthyC．busyD．happy(B)45.A.WhereB．WhatC．WhoD．When四、閱讀理解。ATomhasahappyfamily.Therearesomerulesinhisfamily.KeephealthyBeinghealthyisimportant.Tom'sfamilyplaysportsforonehoureveryday.Tomisintheschoolswimmingclub.Andhisparentsruneverymorning.EveningtimeisfamilytimeTheycan'twatchTVorplaycomputergamesafterdinner.Thefamilyusuallysit(坐)onthesofaandtalk.Tomalwaystalksabouthisschoolandfriends.Sometimestheytakeawalktogether.Alwayssay“Iloveyou”and“Thankyou”Tomsays“Iloveyou”tohisparentsinthemorningbeforehegoestoschool，andintheeveningbeforehegoestobed.Hisparentssayittohim，too.WhenTomhelpshismother，shesays“Thankyou”．Theyshowtheirloveandthanksallthetime(一直)．(A)46.WhatclubdoesTomjoin?A．Theswimmingclub.B．Therunningclub.C．Thetennisclub.D．Thesoccerclub.(B)47.Tomusually________afterdinner.A．playscomputergamesB．talkswithhisparentsC．takesawalkwithhisparentsD．listenstomusic(D)48.WhendoesTomsay“Iloveyou”tohisparents?A．Beforehegetsup.B．Atbreakfast.C．Intheafternoon.D．Beforehegoestobed.(D)49.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage(文章)?A．Tom'sfatherdoesn'texerciseeveryday.B．Tomcan'twatchTVathomeintheafternoon.C．Tomhasmanygoodfriends.D．Tomalwayssays“Iloveyou”athome.(C)50.Thepassagemainly(主要地)talksabout________.A．exerciseandbeinghealthyB．howtotalkwithyourparentsC．somerulesinahappyfamilyD．showingloveandthanksoftenBHello，mynameisAlex.Therearemanyrulesinmyfamily.Onschooldays，Ihavetogetupat6：00inthemorning，andthenItakeabustoschool.Ihavetogethomequicklyafterschool.Imustdomyhomeworkfirst.Ican'twatchTVorgooutonschoolnights.Ihavetogotobedbeforehalfpastnine.Onweekends，IcanwatchTVuntil10o'clock.ButIhavetocleanmyroomandwashmyclothesbymyself.Myparentsarestrictwithmeandtheymaketherulestohelpme.Theyloveme，too.Theyplaysportswithmeeveryday.Theywantmetobehealthyandhaveabeautifulfuture(將來(lái))．IlovemyparentsandIthinktheserulesaregood.(A)51.HowdoesAlexu