CaseStudy#1

STEP1:

NeedandObjectivesLessthan1hourneededpercandidateprojectShouldbedoneasateamsoallunderstanditStartingpointisfacultysuggestedtopicdescription

(IssuedonJanuary21,1999) “Thisprojectwilldevelopnextgenerationbikecomputertomonitorandrecordmultipledata,andtointegratethesedatawithmultimediafilesforentertainment.Thedeviceshouldhaveanopenarchitectureforconnectingnewsensorsandexpandingitintoothersports.“Afterinquiringmoreinformationaboutthetopic(throughaninterview),ateamformulatedthefollowingstatementsIdentificationofNeed Anamateursportsmanislookingforanewmoreadvancedapproach/devicetomonitorandrecordsportsactivitiesheisinvolvedwith.Theprimaryfocusisonmountain/roadbiking,butoneshouldeasilyexpandtheuseofsuchadeviceoverdifferentsportsandenvironments.Thisdeviceshouldacquire,displayandlogmultiplevariablessuchasheartrate,cadence,speed,x-y-zposition,andothersensorydatatobeincludedinthefuture.Thedeviceshouldsupportanoff-lineentertainmentthroughanintegrationwithmultimediafiles,maps,etc.,insuchawaythatausercanbuildhisownpersonaldiaryofsportactivitiesandsharethemwithothers.Developedapproachshouldcombineintelligent,multifunctionalandentertainingelementsintoauserfriendlyframework. Currentlyavailabledataloggersandbikecomputersprovideverylimitedcapabilitiesforactivesportsenthusiasts.Forexample,noneoftheproductsintegratesallfeaturesintoasingleunitthatcouldbeusedacrossdifferentsports.Multimediaintegrationisnon-existent.IdentificationofNeed

(BulletedFormat)Anewmoreadvancedapproach/devicetomonitorandrecordsportsactivitiesPrimaryfocusonmountain/roadbikingExpandingtheuseoverdifferentsportsandenvironmentsAcquire,displayandlogmultiplevariablessuchasheartrate,cadence,speed,x-y-zposition,etc.OpportunitytoattachothersensorsinthefutureOff-lineintegrationwithmultimediafiles,maps,etc.OpportunitytoconstructapersonaldiaryofsportactivitiesandsharewithothersCombineintelligent,multifunctionalandentertainingelementsintoauserfriendlyframework

ObjectiveStatement Theobjectiveofthisprojectistodevelopanewapproachtomonitor/recordsportsactivitiesandtovalidatetheapproachthroughdesigningandbuildingaprototypesportscomputer.Theprimaryapplicationisbicyclingforfitnessandrelaxation,butthisapplicationisjustalaunchingplatformtocoverothersports.Suchadevicemustbereprogrammableandhaveanopenarchitectureallowingforfutureadditionofexternaldatasensors,processingcapabilities,controls,displayfunctions,etc.ExternalreconfigurationviaaPCshouldallowforcustomizationtodifferentsports.Suchacustomizationcanincludebutshouldnotbelimitedtodifferentsensors,controls,andfrequencyofdatastorage.Dataloggingshouldallowforflexibledatarecordingwithinternalstoragecoveringatleasta2-houractivity.Thisdeviceshouldbedesignedforenvironmentscharacterizedbyelevatedshock,dirt,water,temperatureexposure,etc.Challengingaspectofthisprojectistodevelopanintegrationofloggeddataandmultimediafilessuchasmaps,pics,videos,sound,music,etcforanentertainment.Controlpoints,forexample,canbeaddedtologdataforuserfriendlysynthesisofadiary........ObjectiveStatement

(BulletedFormat)Todevelopanewapproachtomonitor/recordsportsactivitiesandvalidatetheapproachthroughdesigningandbuildingaprototypesportscomputerTobeginwithanextgenerationbikecomputerbutwithfocusonbecomingalaunchingplatformtocoverothersportsTobereprogrammablewithanopenarchitectureallowingforfutureadditionofexternaldatasensors,processingcapabilities,controls,etc.Tologflexibledatasizewithinternalstoragecoveringatleasta2-houractivity,andtouploadactivityfiletoaPCToreconfigurethedeviceviaaPCforcustomizationtodifferentsports,sensors,frequencyofdatastorage,etc.Toworkinenvironmentscharacterizedbyelevatedshock,dirt,water,temperatureexposure,etc.Todevelopanintegrationofloggeddataandmultimediafilessuchasmaps,pics,videos,sound,music,etcforfollow-upentertainmentSTEP2:

RequirementsSpecificationTheteamspenttimeoneducatingthemselvesontheapplicationdomain,technology,andstate-of-the-artinbikecomputersandothergadgetsTheteampreparedquestionsforaninterviewAninterviewwascompletedwiththestakeholderInterviewswithotherpeoplewereconductedtoaddressalargercrowdofpotentialusersThefollowingnotesfrominterviewswerescriptedInterviewNotesQ:Howshouldadevicelooklike?Fairlysmallbutw/largerscreen,1.5”minimumClearlyvisiblewhenwearingpolarizingglassesScreendividedintoseveralsectionsofdifferentsize;largesectionforimportantdata,smallerforsecondarydataShock,water,dirtresistant,etc.WorkingoutdoorsunderarangeoftemperaturesConnectivitytoaPCforconfigurationanddatauploadConnectivityw/multiplesensors–opentonewadditionalsensorsanddevicesQ:Whattypicaldatatobeacquired?Heartratew/alarmwhenoverathresholdCadence,x-y-zposition,power,bodyandoutdoortemp,humidity,bikevibration/shocksdumping,etc.OtherdatasuchasdistanceandworkoutintensitycanbecomputedbasedontheprimarydataQ:Whatareothersportsyouwouldliketouseitfor?Downhill/Waterskiing,Kiteboarding,Tennis,Freesnorkeling...ButyoucanalsolookatothermorepopularsportsQ:Whatotherdatacanbeimportanttothosesports?MaybeG-forces,body/equipmentposition.Keeptheinputinterfaceopenforothersensorsthatcanbeaddedinthefuture.Thedifferencebetweensportswillbeinfrequencyofdataacquisition;let’ervalsOthersportsmayneedtogetdataaboutequipment–e.g.,inkiteboarding:kitespeed,position,orientationOh…arewetalkingaboutconnectingtwodevices?Tosomedegreeyes–thiswillbecooltoseeman-machineinteractionsinsportsQ:Howdoyouenvisionthismultimediaaspect?Aligndataw/amap,image,maybe3DvirtualterrainAllowtoeditdataforremovalofnon-essentialdatapointssuchaspauses,datasmoothing,post-processingingeneralConnectpicsandvideostoarouteProvideworkoutsummary,comparison,sharingwithfriendsQ:Howlongcanasingleactivitylast?Forbicycling(2-4h),Skiing(3-5h),Kiteboarding(4h),etc.Q:Howwouldyouliketooperateit?Verysimpleoperation;nobuttonology,juststart/pause/done,screenchange,presetalarmson/offAllowformoreadvancedconfigurationtobedonethroughaPCOff-linefunctionsforworkoutdatapost-processing,multimedia,sharing,etcRequirementsAnalysisAfterresearchingcurrentstateoftheart,futuredirectionsinrelevanttechnologies,andstudyingnotesfrominterviewstheteampreparedrequirementsspecificationforafirstprototypeTheteamconcludedthejobwastoobigforasinglesemesterandrequestedtonarrowthefocusofaprojectNext,requirementswerespecifiedforasimpledevicew/fewerfunctionsthana‘dream’device.Somerequirementswereaddedduetoconductedresearch.Requirementswerethanreviewed/editedbythestakeholderandgroupedasfollows:ProjectRequirementsPrimaryRequirementsAcquiretypicaldataneededforbikingworkout(xyzlocation,....)Devicetoworkminimum2hoursw/recordingsensorydataevery0.5secAutomaticallyswitchtoasleepmodewhenlow-batteryorfull-memoryOpenarchitecturetoadd/connectnewsensors/devicesDisplayreal-timeworkoutdataonapreconfiguredscreenUploadworkoutdatatoaPCAlignroutepointsw/multimediafilesAtleast1.5”displayscreen‘WishList’RequirementsConfigurationofscreenandsensorsviaaPCDistanceforconnectingsensors/devices<40mEliminateinterferencewithotherdevicesLimitcostto<$400STEP3:

ConceptualDesignFreesketchingwasusedtodevelopthreeseparateconceptsUserviewwasmostimportantatthispointThissketchingwasfast–justlettheideastoflowandrecordthemononeblankpageofpaperNext,eachsketchwasrefinedbyaddingtechnologyThisistobridgeuser-viewwithtechnologicalideasButremember,nodetailtechnicalsolutionisconsideredatthispointatall.Onlyanopportunityisconsidered.NojudgmentwasappliedConsiderablymoretimewasspentatthispointSeethesethreesketches:EvaluationSpecificideasextractedfrom:Sketch#1:2”screen+3buttonoperationSpecializedsoftwaremodulesSketch#2:USBcommunication+USB-basedchargingWirelesssynchronizationSketch#3:WirelessnetworkRemotecontrollerModularstructureofadeviceSensorsw/post-processingcapabilities(smartsensors)OveralldiagnosticsPotentialproblems:Cost,complexity,....FinalConceptSketchJudgment,technologyreview,requirements,andotherconstraintswereusedtoformulatethefinalsketchThreesketcheswereanalyzedandkeyuniqueuser-orientedissuesandtechnologicalissuesidentified:WirelessnetworkingSyncofmediadeviceswithsportscomputerRemotestart/stopcontrolofmultimediadevicesModularizationFinalsketchwasdrawn,asfollows:STEP3:

Level-0DesignBlack-BoxDesignDefineinputs,outputs,environment,influence/conditionsItemizesystemfunctionalityReferto:FinalConceptSketchRequirementsSpecification2”screen3-buttonctrlTop-LevelFunctionsSmartsensingNetworkingsensorsanddevicesDataloggingSafetyoffswitching(low-power/memory)Datadisplayw/ctrlbuttonsinterfacingDevice-to-PCinterfacingPowermanagement/rechargingMultimediaintegrationSystemconfigurationviaaPCSelf-diagnosticsGPSsignalAtm.PressureEtc.Temp:-20-+50oCWaterresistant(<1m)Shockresistant(<10G)AnnotatedmultimediaactivityExternalMapfilesPic,VideoConfig.strategiesSTEP4:

Level-1DesignTransfertop-levelfunctionsfromblack-box,decomposethem,andarrangeamongthemselvesGroup/allocatefunctionsintohardware/softwarecomponents/modulesRedrawintoatop-levelsystemarchitectureAteverystep,explainasequenceofsystemoperationsFunctionalDecompositionHRsensorSmartpost-processingTempsensorHallsensorsCameraMemoryPowersensorBatteryCtrlP/VuploadSTARTSTOPPowersensorBatteryPowersensorBatterySmartpost-processingPowersensorBatteryCtrlWirelessNetworkDataLoggingInternalSensors:GPS,Alt,GyroDatacollectorExtendedMemoryDataUploadConfig.managerDisplayCtrlbuttonsInterfacecontrollerPowersensorBatteryUSBDevice-2-PCinterfaceDiagnosticsConfigscreenDataanalysisEntcenterP/VuploadMaps,Etc.FunctionalAllocationHRsensorSmartpost-processingTempsensorHallsensorsCameraMemoryPowersensorBatteryCtrlP/VuploadSTARTSTOPPowersensorBatteryPowersensorBatterySmartpost-processingPowersensorBatteryCtrlWirelessNetworkDataLoggingInternalSensors:GPS,Alt,GyroDatacollectorExtendedMemoryDataUploadConfig.managerDisplayCtrlbuttonsInterfacecontrollerPowersensorBatteryUSBDevice-2-PCinterfaceDiagnosticsConfigscreenDataanalysisEntcenterP/VuploadMaps,Etc.SystemArchitectureHRsensorTempsensorHallsensorsCameraMemoryPowersensorBattery8-bitMCUP/VuploadSTARTSTOPPowersensorBatteryPowersensorBatteryPowersensorBattery8-bitMCUInternalSensors:GPS,Alt,Gyro16-bitMCUDatacollectorInterfacecontrollerConfig.ManagerDataLoggingDataUploadExtendedMemoryDisplayCtrlbuttonsPowersensorBatteryConfig.&DiagnosticsP/VuploadMaps,Etc.W-netnodeW-netnodeW-netnodeW-netnodeW-netnodeUSBinterface8-bitMCU8-bitMCUDataanalysis&Ent.centerMediafilesPCBikeComputerCameraHR+TempRemoteCadenceOff-lineuploadfromCameraSummaryThisLevel-1designwilltakeconsiderablymoretimetocomplete(severaldaysatleast)StartsketchingbyhandandusegraphicalpackagelateronTakementalbreaksbutdonotstopthinkingGetbacktoyourdesignasfrequentlyaspossibleConstantlylookatrequirementsandLevel-0designConsiderthatthisLevel-1designmayrequirefurthermodificationswhendesigningatLevel-2Alwaysprovideenoughdetails(duringdecomposition)soitdoesnotlooklikemarketingmaterialAlwaysexplainwhathappensinyourdesignIttookmeseveraldrawingsandmultipleconflictresolutionstoreachthisoutcomeSTEP5:

BehavioralModelsKnowingsystemarchitecture(functionalallocationandresources)designtop-leveloperationalmodelusuallyastatediagramDecideaboutorganizationofseparatetasksandwritealgorithmsforeachtaskRefineyourmodel/algorithmswhengoingthroughLevel-2designprocessStateDiagramforHRandTempsensorunitINTSystemGetReadyReadandProcessSensorDataSendDataPowerONINT#1INT#2ShutDownLow-batterySensorerrorCommerrorPowerONManualONLow-batteryCommerrorINTEnableAlgorithmsforHRandTempsensorunitGETREADYTASKSENSORTASKSENDDATATASKSelf-TestNet-RegisterConfigureEnableINTEndStartDefErrorMessageErrorErrorCallShutDownReadDataAnalysisStartErrorErrorStoreEndErrorDefErrorMessageCallShutDownSendDataCheckComm.StartErrorEndUpdateReportNonetworkortoomanyerrorsDefErrorMessageCallShutDownSTEP6:

TestingKeepreferringtoyourrequirementsAcquirecriticaldatathatwillbeprocessedandevaluatedagainstrequirementsEvaluateprocesseddataandmakeastatementexpressinghowwellthesystemworks(quantitativeexpressionneeded)Focusonfewtests,butforeachtestrepeatexperimentrunstogatherstatisticalevidenceYouneedasketchoftestingactivity.Nextsemesteryouwillneedtodevelopspecifictestcases.ExperimentalPlanExperiment#1Goal:ToevaluatebasicdataacquisitioncapabilitiesSystemcomponents:PC,Bikecomputer,HR+TempsensorEnvironmentA:Typicalbiketrailwithouttreecover.Distanceabout2miles.Sunnydaywithoutcloudcover(orlightcloudcover).EnvironmentB:Typicalmountainbiketrailwithlimitedtreecover.Distanceabout0.5mile.Testingprocess:SystemconfiguredviaPC.Dataacquisitionrepeatedatleastfivetimes(runs).DatatransferredtoaPCaftereachrun.Datadisplayedongraphs.Dataevaluatedforerroneousreadings,noise,droppeddatapoints,etc.Experiment#2:Goal:Toevaluatesystemmulti-mediacapabilitySystemcomponents:Integratedsystem(allcomponents)Environment:Typicalbiketrailwithouttreecover.Distanceabout1mile.Multi-mediasetupA:Takingpicturesevery20sec.Multi-mediasetupB:Useremotecontrollertostart/stopvideosTestingprocess:SystemconfiguredviaPC.Singlerunforeachmulti-mediasetup.DatatransferredtoaPCaftereachrun.DisplayalignedmultimediadataandGoogleEarthimagewithacquiredpathdata.Dataevaluationfocusedonmissedpictures,videos,errorsindataalignment,etc.Experiment#3;Goal:Totestautomaticswitch-offfunctionalitiesSystemcomponents:Integratedsystem(allcomponents)Environment:NobikerideneededTestingprocess:BikecomputerandHR+Tempsensortestedindividuallyunderlowbatterycondition.Cameratestedseparatelyforfullmemorycondition.Networkcommunicationdatacollectedandanalyzed.Datatransferredaftercomponent(s)switchoff.DataevaluationfocusedonpropermessageexchangeandactionsatlowpowerandfullmemoryconditionsSTEP7:

WorkBreakdownStructureRefertosystemfunctionaldecompositionandallocationDesignmajortasksbasedonfunctionaldecomposition(Level-1),systemarchitecture,anduser-centeredoperationsAddtasksforintegration,testing,reporting,etc.AllocatetaskdurationtoeachmajortaskDevelopacompletelistoftasksbydecomposingeachmajortaskaccordingtofunctionaldecomposition(Level-2)andinterfacingAllocatetaskdurationtoeachsubtaskandsynchronizesubtasktimelinesintoaprojectplan(ingraphicalformat)ListofMajorTasksBikecomputerdevelopment (7weeks)HR+Tempsensordevelopment (3weeks)Cadencesensordevelopment (2weeks)Cameramoduledevelopment (5weeks)Remotecontrollerdevelopment (2