大學(xué)六級模擬97

PartIWriting

Directions：Forthispartzyouareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopic：AbilityandGoodLooks.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow：

1、目前在中國，校園安全事故時有發(fā)生

2.這種現(xiàn)象造成了惡劣的影響

3.應(yīng)該如何杜絕這種現(xiàn)象

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions：Inthispartzyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly

andanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

giveninthepassage；

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

giveninthepassage；

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10zcompletethesentenceswiththeinformationgivenin

thepassage.

Earth:MeltingintheHeat?

Glaciersaremelting；theicecapsaredisappearingintotheoceans；sea

levelsmayrisebymanymetersasaconsequence.工ndigenous(本土的)Arctic

peopleswillfindtheirfoodstocksgone,whilefleshwatersuppliesinAsia

andsouthAmericawilldisappearastheglacierswhichprovidethemmeltaway；

penguins,polarbearsandsealswillfindtheirhabitatsgone,theirtraditional

livesunlivable.

Buthowrealisticisthispicture?Istheworld*sicereallydisappearing,

orisitunscientifichotair?

AEuropeansatellitenamedCryosatwasdesignedtoprovidedefinitive

answerstosomeofthesequestions.Alauncherfaultdestroyedthemission

inOctober2005zhuttheEuropeanSpaceAgencyhasapprovedareplacement,

inthemeantimezhereisourglobalsnapshot.

TheAntarctic

Hugezpristine(質(zhì)樸的),dramatic,unforgiving--theAntarcticiswherethe

biggestofallglobalchangescouldbegin.

Thereissomuchiceherethatifitallmelted,sealevelsgloballywould

risehugely-perhapsasmuchas80m.SaygoodbyetoLondon,NewYork,Sydney,

Bangkok...infact,themajorityoftheworld*smajorcities.

Butwillithappen?ScientistsdividetheAntarcticintothreezones：the

eastandwestAntarcticicesheets；andthePeninsula,thetongueofland

whichpointsuptowardsthesoutherntipofSouthAmerica.

"EverybodythinksthattheAntarcticisshrinkingduetoclimatechangez

buttherealityismuchmorecomplex,HsaysDavidVaughan,aprincipal

investigatorattheBritishAntarcticSurveyinCambridge,U.K.?'Partsof

itappeartobethickeningasaresultofsnowfallincreases,butthePeninsula

isthinningatanalarmingrateduetowarming.TheWestAntarcticsheetis

alsothinning,andwe1renotsureofthereasonwhy.H

OntheUp

TemperaturesinthePeninsulaappeartobeincreasingataroundtwicethe

globalaverage—about2℃overthelast50years.Thosefiguresarebasedon

measurementsmadebyinstrumentsatscientificstations.

Earlierthisyear,DavidVaughan*sgrouppublishedresearchshowingthat

thevastmajorityofglaciersalongthePeninsula--87%ofthe244studied--are

inretreat.Theicedumpedintotheoceanastheglaciersretreatshouldnot

makemuchdifferencetoglobalsealevels--perhapsafewcentimeters.

Moreworrying,potentially,arethevasticesheetscoveringtherestof

Antarctica.Makingtemperaturemeasurementsforthecontinentasawholeis

difficult；itisavastplace--morethan2,000kmacross--therearefewresearch

stations,andtemperaturesvarynaturallyby2-3℃fromyeartoyear.But

measurementsindicatethatinthewest,meltingisunderway.

"Aboutone-thirdoftheWestAntarcticicesheetisthinning,HsaysDr.

Vaughan,Hunaveragebyabout10cmperyear,butintheworstplacesby3~

4mperyear."

TherockonwhichtheWestAntarcticicerestsisbelowsealevelzand

BritishAntarcticSurveyresearchersbelievethethinningcouldbedueto

theicesheetmeltingonitsunderside.

"Itmaybethattheoceaniswarmingendthat*scausingtheicetomeltz

buttheremaybeotherreasonsaswell；forexample,there*slotsofvolcanism

inthatareaandsothatcouldchangehowmuchheatisdeliveredtotheunderside

oftheicesheet.n

CryosatshouldhelptopindownwhatishappeningattheWestAntarctic

fringe.TheradaraltimetersonboarditspredecessorsERSIandERS2have

beenunabletomapthesteepslopesatthecoast,whereasCryosat1sinstrument

shouldbeabletocope.

IftheentireWestAntarcticicesheetdidmeltzsealevelsgloballywould

rise,byaround5m.Butatthemoment,thereisnosignofthathappening.

Onerecantscientificpaperattemptedtocalculateprobabilitiesforhow

muchWestAntarcticmeltingwouldcontributetoglobalsea-levelrisesduring

thiscentury.Theconclusions：a30%probabilityofa20cmrise,anda5%

chanceofalmrise.

EasternMass

Andwhatofthebigmonster,themuchlargerEastAntarcticsheet?Arecent

studyusingaltimeterdatasuggesteditisgettingthicker,byabout1.8cm/yr；

another,usingthegravitysatellitemissionGraceindicatesitsmassremains

stable.Butcouldrisingtemperaturesintimedraintheiceaway?.

"Itisnotgoingtohappenonanyrealistichumantimescale,11saysDavid

Vaughan."It'ssocoldthatyoucouldraisetemperaturesby5-10℃without

1

havingmuchofanimpact；itsonrockabovesealevelzsowarminginthe

oceancan*taffectit.n

Largelyinsulatedfromglobaltrendsandsobigastogenerateitsown

climaticsystemszmostofAntarcticaappearstobeimmunetothebigmelt

fornow,thoughanswerstowhatishappeninginthewestarceagerlyawaited.

TheArctic

Atthetopoftheworld,theArcticisaregionbuiltonwater.Around

theNorthPoleisocean,withicefloescrowdingineachwinterandthinning

againinthesummers.

InSeptember,welearnedfromscientistsattheU.S.NationalSnowand

IceDataCenterthattheextentofoceancoveredbyiceisgettingsmaller

eachyear,thecurrentrateofshrinkagetheycalculateataround8%perdecade.

Theirprojectionisthatwithinabout60years,therewillbenosummerice

atallontheArcticOcean.

“Overall,theextenthasbeendeclining,withsomeoscillations（擺動），

n

sincethe1970swhensatelliteswereabletomapit,commentsPeterWadhamsz

ProfessorofOceanPhysicsatCambridgeUniversity,U.K,andcurrentlyat

1

theLaboratoireOceanographiqueinVillefranche-sur-merzFrance."Theres

beenaslowdecline,butnowthethinningappearstobemorerapid.Inthe

lasttwodecades,notonlyhastheareashrunkbuttheicehasgotthinner

byabout400；thepredictionisthatitwillvanishaltogetherduringsummers

inthesecondhalfofthiscentury.n

MilitaryRecords

Measurementsofthicknesscomemainlyfrommilitarysubmarines,whichspent

longperiodsundertheArcticiceduringtheColdWar.

PeterWadhamswasoneofthescientistswhoafterwardspersuadedthe

authoritiesinBritainandtheUnitedStatestodeclassifytheirdata.

Butasamethodofmeasurementzitisfarfromperfect；andsatellites

havegivenonlylimitedhelp.Theexistingsatellitefleetgivesgood

measurementsoficeextent,butisnotsogoodatdetectingthickness,partly

becausetheorbitsofsatelliteswithradaraltimetersdonotcoverevery

portionoftheocean.

Thisdatadeficithasledtoarivaltheory--thattheiceisnotmelting

atall；itissimplypilingupinanotherpartoftheocean,perhapsalong

thenorthCanadiancoast.

PeterWadhamsbelieveshehasnowdisprovedthisidea.nWedidanexperiment

whereweinstalledasetofbuoys（浮標）inthatregionwhichmeasurethethickness

oftheiceandtransmititbackviasatellite,"hesays.nThebuoysitson

theice,anduswavespassunderittheymakeitriseandfallzjustbya

millimeterortwo；measuringthisallowsyoutocalculatethethicknessof

theice."

Thepreliminaryresults,announcedatascientificmeetinginApril2005,

showthattheextraiceisnotthere；itreallyhasmeltedaway.

WiderImpact

Topeoplelivingintheregion,themeltingbringsmixednews.Current

lifestylesandstaplefoodswillalmostcertainlychangezbuttheopenocean

maypermitnewopportunitiesfortradeandagriculture.

Abiggerquestioniswhatitmeansfortherestoftheplanet,leereflects

thesun'sradiation；waterabsorbsit.Morewaterandlessice--aloweralbedo

（反照率）--meanthatthepaceofwarmingcouldincrease.Inthisscenario,

theEarthwouldbelosingoneofits"naturalchecksandbalancesnagainst

warming---anotherpositivefeedbackmechanism.

TheArcticisintimatelytiedtotheglobalclimatesystem,anddisruptions

herehavethepotentialtocreateworldwidechanges--albeit（fi^）overlong

timescales.Possiblythemostpowerfullinkisviathethermohaline（熱鹽的）

circulation,theglobalconveyortakingwarmwateralongoceansurfacesand

returningcolderwateratdepth.

"OneverysensitiveplaceisthemiddleoftheGreenlandSea,"saysPeter

Wadhams.nThathasbeenice-freeinthesummer,butusuallyinwinteritwould

becoveredbyalobeoficegrowingoutfromtheGreenlandcoast.Asitformed,

itrejectedsaltbackintothewater,makingthewaterheavierandhelping

ittosink.Since1997ztheicetonguehasneverformed.Thatwillbehaving

animpactonthethermohalinecirculation."

Backingeologicalhistory,about55millionyearsago,theArcticwas

awarm（possibly20℃）shallowseathatwouldhavebeenice-freewithoutthe

interventionofahuman-enhancedgreenhouseeffect.

Naturalvariationsmaybeplayingaroleinthepictureseennow；but,

aswithotherpartsoftheplanetzitisthespeedofchangethatalarmsmany

researchersasmuchasthechangeitself.

2、FreshwatersuppliesinAsiaandsouthAmericaisdisappearingasthe

glaciersmeltaway.

3、IfalltheiceintheAntarcticmelted,globalsealevelswouldrisehugely.

4、AccordingtoDavidVaughan,theAntarcticisshrinkingduetoclimate

change.

5、DavidVaughan*sgroupfoundthatmostoftheglaciersalongthePeninsula

wereinretreat.

6、CryosatshouldhelpfigureoutwhatishappeningattheWestAntarctic

fringebecauseitsradaraltimetersshouldbeableto.

7、MostofAntarcticaappearstobeimmunetothebigmeltfornowbecause

it*slargelyinsulatedfromglobaltrendsandit1ssobigasmgenerate.

8、AccordingtoscientistsattheU.S.NationalSnowandleeDataCenter,

withinabout60years,therewillbeontheArcticOcean.

9、Theexistingsatellitesarenotgoodatdetectingthethicknessofthe

icepartlybecausetheorbitsofsatelliteswith_______donotcoverevery

portionoftheocean.

10、TopeoplelivingintheArctic,themeltingofsomeglaciersmaypermit

newopportunitiesfor.

11>TheicetonguegrowingoutfromtheGreenlandcoastusedtorejectsalt

backintothewater,makingheavierandhelpingittosink.

PartIIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswill

beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswill

bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthe

pause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.zC.andD.,anddecidewhich

isthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2with

asinglelinethroughthecenter.

12、A.Sheisn1tgoingtochangehermajor.B.Sheplanstomajor

intaxlaw.

C.Shestudiesinthesameschoolasherbrother.D.Sheisn1tgoing

toworkinherbrother*sfirm.

13>A.Shewilldoherbestifthejobisworthdoing.B.Sheprefersa

lifeofcontinuedexploration.

C.Shewillsticktothejobifthepayisgood.D.Shedoesn*tthink

muchofjob-hopping.

[4、A.Stopthinkingaboutthematter.B.Talkthedruguser

outofthehabit.

C.Bemorefriendlytohisschoolmate.D.Keephisdistance

fromdrugaddicts.

15>A.Theson.B.Thefather.C.Themother.D.

AuntLouise.

[6、A.Stayawayforacoupleofweeks.B.Checkthelocksevery

twoweeks.

C.LookaftertheJohnsons1house.D.Movetoanoterplace.

17>A.Hedidn1twanttowarmupforthegame.B?Hedidn*twantto

beheldupintraffic.

C.Hewantedtomakesuretheygottickets.D.Hewantedtocatch

asmanybirdsaspossible.

18>A.Itwillreducegovernmentrevenues.B.Itwillstimulate

businessactivities.

C.Itwillmainlybenefitthewealthy,D.Itwillcutthe

stockholders*dividends.

19、A.Themanshouldphonethehotelfordirection,B.Themancanaskthe

departmentstoreforhelp.

C.Shedoesn*thavethehotel*sphonenumber.D.Thehotelisjust

aroundthecorner.

20、A.Themanshouldtrytobemoreunderstanding.

B.Theman*swifeshouldbemoreunderstanding.

C.Theman*snegativeattitudemaybederivedfromhischildhood.

D.Thepessimismoftheman1swifemaybetheresultofherpastexperiences.

21>A.Asnowstorm.B.Anearthquake.C.Atrafficaccident.D.

Ahurricane.

22、A.Thetwospeakersareclassmates.B.Themanismajoring

inelementaryeducation.

C.Thewomanismajoringinelementaryeducation.D.Thetwospeakers

gottoknoweachotherinaclass.

23>A.At6:15.B.At5:50.C.At16:05.D.At16:15.

24、A.Unemployment.B.Familybreakup.C.Mentalproblems.D.

Drinking.

25、A.Shedisagreeswiththeman.B.Shedoesn*tenjoy

longspeeches.

C.Shehadn11knownhowlongthespeechwouldbe.D.Shedoesn11have

aspecialopinionaboutthespeaker.

26、A.Theyareattendingaconcert.B.Theyarenegotiating

aboutaprice.

C.Theyareplanningtogoforadate.D.Theyarebuying

somethingfortheirfirm.

27>A.Themanisafootballfan.B.Themanneedsthe

woman*shelp.

C.Themandidn11watchTVlastnight.D.Themanoftenhas

powerfailureathome.

28、A.Sheplanstoapplyforapart-timejob.

B.She*stoobusytorunforclasspresident.

C.Shewantsthemantohelpherwithherstudies.

D.Shehasn*tconsideredrunningforclasspresident.

29、A.Theairportisclosedduetobadweather.

B.Theflightisfollowingitsregularschedule.

C.Theplanewillreturntoitspointofdeparture.

D.Anearlierclosureaffectedtheairport*sschedule.

30、A.It*sanunwisedecision.

B.Individualprojectsaremuchbetter.

C.Thedecisionwilldefinitelyberejected.

D.Manypeopletrytoloseweightnowadays.

31、A.Hehasdecidedhowhe*sgoingtospendtheprizemoney.

B.Hedoesn*tknowhowmuchhisrentisgoingtoincrease.

C.He*salreadyplanningtoenternextyear*sessaycontest.

D.Hehasalreadypaidhislandlordfornextyear*srent.

32、A.Thenewcomedyopeningintowniswellworthwatching.

B.She*dprefertoseeadifferenttypeofmoviethanacomedy.

C.Shewon*tbeabletogotothemoviebecauseofherresearchpaper.

D.Themanshouldhelpfinishtheresearchpaperifshegoestothe

moviewithhim.

33>A.She*11beawayfromtheofficefortwodays.

B.Themanshouldcontinueusingthemedicine.

C.Themandoesn*tneedanythingforhiscough.

D.She111givethemananewprescriptionrightaway.

34、A.Thelocationofthesessionhasbeenchanged.

B.Shewilldefinitelygotothesessionthisevening.

C.She111probablybetootiredtowalktothesession.

D.Thesessionmightbecanceledbecauseofaheavysnow.

35、A.TakeaclasstogetherwithMary.

B.AskMarytohelphimchooseatopic.

C.Changethetopicofhisresearchproject.

D.Signupforadifferentpoliticalsciencecourse.

SectionB

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeach

passage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA.zB.,C.andD..Thenmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

36、A.Soil.B.Humanpopulation.C.

Forest.D.Water.

37、A.Byusingsatelliteimageszmaps,etc.B.Bystudying

specificfarmingmethods.

C.Bystudyingthevariationofhumanpopulation,D.Byanalyzing

thequalityofcrops.

38、A.Byforcingthemfarming.B.By*affectingthe

qualityofsoils.

C.Byaddingchemicalsandpollutethewaterways.D.Byaffecting

theenvironmentstheylivein.

39、A.Becausepeoplemighthavetomigratetheresomeday.

B.Becauseitisverymuchliketheearth.

C.Becauseitiseasiertoexplorethanotherplanets.

D.Becauseitsatmosphereisdifferentfromthatoftheearth.

40、A.Itschemicalelementsmustbestudied.

B.Itstemperaturemustbelowered.

C.Bigspaceshipsmustbebuilt.

D.Itsatmospheremustbechanged.

41、A.ItinfluencesthesurfacetemperatureofMars.

B.Itprotectslivingbeingsfromharmfulrays.

C.Itkeepsaplanetfromoverheating.

D.Itisthemaincomponentoftheairpeoplebreathe.

42、A.Manwillprobablybeabletolivetherein200years.

B.Scientistsareratherpessimisticaboutit.

C.Manwillprobablybeabletolivetherein100,000years1time.

D.Scientistsareoptimisticaboutovercomingthedifficultiessoon.

43、A.Sortthemail.B.Answerthemail.

C.Readthemagazines.D.Fileimportantinformation.

44、A.Paythebillsrightaway.

B.Readthemagazinesveryquickly.

C.Sortthearticlesintocategoriesforlaterreference.

D.Stopbuyingmagazineswhichyoudon,havetimetoread.

45、A.Atleastonceamonth.B.Atleasttwiceamonth.

C.Atleastonceayear.D.Atleasttwiceayear.

SectionC

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassage

isreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.

Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillin

theblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.

Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissing

information.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhave

justheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,when

thepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

Onecalledherbossa"bitchfromhell11whileanotheradmittedHlyingthrough

histeeth"ati