Eg：HersignatureistotallyPart2

Part2&DescribeasportthatyouhavewatchedbeforeandyouwanttoWhatitWhenyoufirstwatchedthesportWhatyoulikeaboutthesportAndexinwhyyouwouldliketotrythis本題要描述的是一項你看過并且想嘗試的運動，這里的運動可以是，籃ThesportthatIhavewatchedbeforeandwanttotryisbasketball.ItisasportwhichisnotonlyveryexcitingbutalsoprovidesmewithanopportunitytogetinphysicalIfirstwatchedbasketballmatchwhenIwasaprimaryschoolstudent.Gradually,Icametoknowwhatbasketballisandhowtheprofessionalyersyit.Ibecameabigfanofthissportandwasamazedataseriesofspectacularslamdunks.Ilikethissportbecauseit’sreallyawesome.It’sapopularsportin,especiallyafterYaoMingwasselectedbytheHoustonsasthefirstoverallpickintheNBAdraft.It’salsoateamgame,whichmeansthatteamwork,cooperationandcommunicationareessentialtowinning.I’dliketotrythissportsinceitallowsmetoexercisemyentirebody.MyarmsaremovingwhenIdribbletheballandmybodyneedstomovewhilerunning.Itisafantasticaerobicexercisethatcanhelpmekeepfitandhealthy.Besides,it’sdefiniyagreatchancetospendtimewithfriendsanditisdelightfultotakepartinthesematches,letalonewingamesorscoremanypoints.Eg：ThishasbeenmyworsttimeforinjuriessinceIstartedasaprofessional②awesome:Eg：Melvillcalledtheflight"mind-blowing"and③cooperation:Eg：Thesuccessofournrestsonyourdelightful:Eg：ItwasthemostdelightfulgardenIhadeverPart3WhydooldpeopleliketowatchsportsonIthinkoldpeoplewouldliketodoactivitiesthatarelessenergy-consuminginthedaytime,somostoldpeopletendtowatchsportsonTV,ratherthanonthespot.Besides,itseemslikeoldpeopleprefertostayathomeandwatchsportsonTV,justbecausetheythinkit’stoonoisytoenjoythesports.activityEg:Forloversofthegreatoutdoors,activitiesrangefromcanoeingtobirdtendto:Eg:WealltendtolikethosesimilartoAretheremanysportsprogramsonYes,youcanwatchnearlyallkindsofsportsonTV,ifyouwantto.Inmycountry,tabletennis,badminton,figureskating,basketballareallpopularin.Amongthem,IthinkbasketballisthemostpopularoneshownonTV.Manyteenagers,especiallyboys,arecrazybasketballbuffsandwillnevermissanymatchoftheirfavoriteteams.Eg:Incontrastwithfigureskatingandtherearenosubjectivevotesmadebyjudgesin②buff:名詞；Eg:JudgeLanierisarealfilmShouldchildrenspendmoretimeyingSure,becauseitisagoodwaytoexercisetheentirebody.ngaerobicexercisecanhelpchildrentokeephealthy.Besides,it’sdefiniyachanceforchildrentospendtimewithfriends.Itmustbedelightfultotakepartinmatches,letalonewingamesorscoremanypoints.Eg:Yes,Iknowmanykindsofaerobicexerciserelieve②keephealthy:Eg:Keephealthyfirstifyouwant eHowoftendoyouyIysportsveryoften,nearlyonadailybasis.Ithinkngsportseverydaynotonlyprovidesmethepositivemindsetrequiredfortheentiredaybutalsorefreshmeimmediay.Italwaysmakesmeenergetic,andeffectivelyhelpsmetofocusonmyworkorstudy.Eg:Herearesometipsonhowtonegotiateeffectivelyforwhatyou②focuson:Eg:Today,we'regoingtofocusonwomenofcolorandtheirstruggletobuild,流程圖柱圖ThegraphbelowshowsthepercentageofhouseholdswithdifferentkindsoftechnologyThegraphbelowshowsthepercentageofhouseholdswithdifferentkindsoftechnologyintheUKfrom1997to2001.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.1997-2001年的數(shù)據(jù)，因此需要使用過去時態(tài)。ThelinechartdemonstratestheratioofhomedevicesinBritishfamiliesduring4yearsfrom1997to2001.Onthewhole,thereweremorehouseholdsequippedwithdifferentproductseachyear,exceptanobviousdeclineofDVDyersin1998.TheCDyerhadalwaysbeenapriorityfortheUKfamilies.Asmanyas60%householdsownedthisdeviceearlyin1997,andthepercentageconstantlyroseto80%in2001.However,itsincreasingratewasrelativelymildcomparedwithotherdevicessuchasthecomputerwhichrankedthesecondinthehouseholdpercentage.Thoughtheincreaseofcomputerownerswasbarelypalpablefrom40%in1997to42%in1998,thefigureascendedvigorouslybya10%annualgrowthinthelateryearsandreachedto70%in2001.Thepossessionofephoneandinternetshowedasimilartrend.Startingfrom15%and10%respectively,theyremainedthethirdandcein1998and1999,withalmostthesamerateofincrease.Butsince1999,theephonesawamorerobustgrowthandtheproportiongapbetweenthetwowidened,with68%and55%foreachin2001.Whilemostofthetechnologicaldeviceswererising,theholdingofDVDyerswasslightlydifferent.Itdeclinedfrom23%to15%in1998,andthenstayedatthebottom,risingwiththegeneraltrendtoalittleover40%in2001.①priority ②palpable: : 與城市類Nowadaystherearemanynewtowns.Itismoreimportanttoprovideparksandsportsfacilitiesthantoprovideshopcentersinthesenewtownsforpeopletospendtheirtime.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Somepeoplesaytheernmentshouldn'tspendmoneyinbuildingtheatersandsportsstadiums;theyshouldspendmoremoneyonmedicalcareandeducation.DoyouagreeorSomepeoplethinkthatintroducingnewtechnologycanimprovepeople'squalityoflifeinthedevelocountries.However,othersbelievethateducationshouldbeoffered.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Thebestwayforacountrytoprepareforthefutureistoinvestmoreresourcesinitsyoungpeople.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Inwhatwaysshouldthecountryinvestinyoungpeople?Oncechildrenstartschool,theteacherswouldhavemoreinfluenceintheirinlectualandsocialdevelopmentthanparents.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Nowadays,somepeoplethinkthecityisnolongeragoodceforchildren,theysuggestthatthecountryisabetterchoice.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Incountrieswherethereishighunemploymentmostpupilsshouldbeofferedonlyprimaryeducation;thereisnopointinofferingsecondaryeducationtothosewhowillhavenohopeoffindingajob.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Asscientistscontributemoretothedevelopmentofoursocietythanotherpeopledo,sciencestudentsshouldgetmorefinancialsupportfromtheernmentthanotherstudents.Doyouagreeordisagree?Somepeoplethinkthatinmodernsocietyindividualsare ingmoredependentoneachother.Butotherssaythatindividualsare ingmoreindependent.DiscussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownTheuseofphoneisasantisocialassmoking.Smokingisbannedincertaincessoshouldbebannedlikesmoking.TowhatextenddoagreeorTheoldergenerationstendtohaveverytraditionalideasabouthowpeopleshouldlive,thinkandbehave.However,somepeoplebelievethattheseideasarenothelpfulinpreparingyounggenerationsformodernlife.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Caringforchildrenisanimportantthingofthesociety.Itissuggestedthatallmothersandfathersshouldberequiredtotakechildcaretrainingcourses.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Withglobaltradeincreasing,manygoods,onadailybasis,aretransportedtoalongdistance.Towhatextentdoyouthinkitsbenefitsexceeditsdrawbacks?Somepeoplethinkthatthedevelopmentoftechnologyhasmadeourlifemorecomplex,andthesolutionistoliveasimplerlifewithoutthattechnology.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Scientistsbelievecomputerswill emoreinligentthanhumanbeings.Somepeoplethinkthisdevelopmentwillhavepositiveimpacts.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？Millionsofdollarshavebeenspentonspaceresearch.Butsomebodysaysspaceresearchwastedmoney;theysupposemoneyshouldbeusedtoimprovehuman’slife.Doyouagreeordisagree?Manypeoplefailtoachieveabalancebetweenworkandotherpartsoflife.Whatcausesthesituation?Howto ethisproblem?Nowadays,someworkcestendtoemployequalnumbersofmenandwomenworkers.Doyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?Somepeoplearguethatjobsatisfactionismoreimportantthanjobsecurity.Otherpeoplethinkoneshouldhaveapermanentjob.DiscussbothviewsandgiveyourownInterviewisthebasicformofselectingprocedureformostlargecompanies.Somepeoplethinkitisunreliableandtherearesomeotherbettermethods.Discussandgiveyourownopinion. Fiandcomputergamescontainingarepopular.Somepeoplesaytheyhavenegativeeffectsonsocietyandshouldbebanned.Otherssaytheyarejustharmlessrelaxation.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Peopleobtainmostoftheirinformationfromnewsreporting.Howeversomepeoplethinkthatweshouldnotbelievewhatjournalistsreport.Whatisyouropinion?Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkajournalistshouldhave?Somepeoplethinkthatusinganimalsforexperimentationpurposeiscruel,butotherpeoplethinkthatisnecessaryforthedevelopmentofscience.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.Theenvironmentalproblemistoobigforindividualorindividualcountry;thatistosay,theonlywaytoprotectenvironmentisataninternationallevel.Towhatextenddoyouagreeordisagree?Itisnotnecessaryforpeopletotraveltoothercestolearnabouttheculture.Wecanlearnasmuchasfrombooks,fiandtheInternet.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Everyyearseverallanguagesdieout.Somepeoplethinkthatthisisnotimportantbecauselifewillbeeasieriftherearefewerlanguagesintheworld.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?法律與Somepeoplebelievethatyoungpeoplewhocommitseriouscrimesshouldbepunishedinthesamewayasadults.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Nowadayssomeindividualsbehaveinananti-societyway,suchascommittingacrime.Ingeneral,itisthesocietytoblame.Whatcausestheanti-socialbehaviorsofindividuals?Whoshouldberesponsiblefordealingwithit?Inmodernsociety,ambitionismoreandmoreimportant.Howimportantisambitionforbeingsuccessfulinlife?Isitpositiveornegative?Competitivenessisapositivequalityforpeopletohaveinmostsocieties.Howdoescompetitivenessaffectindividuals?Doyouthinkitisapositiveornegativetrend?題目：Somepeoplesaytheernmentshouldn'tspendmoneyinbuildingtheatersandsportsstadiums;theyshouldspendmoremoneyonmedicalcareandeducation.Doyouagreeordisagree?解題思路：題目一個觀點是，有人認為不應(yīng)投資修建劇院和體育Manypeoplearguethaternmentexpenditureshouldbeallocatedtomedicalandeducationalservicesinsteadoftotheatresandstadiums.However,whileIrecognizetheimportanceofsupportinghealthcareandeducationsystem,Ibelievethatrecreationalfacilitiesarealsoessentialforsociety;therefore,bothsectorsshouldreceivefinancialsupportfromtheernment.Therationalebehindinvestinginmedicalcareandeducationisobvious.Treatingdiseasesofalargenumberofpeopleisanurgentanddemandingtask.Improvingmedicalprecautionandexaminationaswellasearlydiagnosisisdirectlyrelatedtothelifeexpectancyofanation.Providingtheunderprivilegedpeoplewithequalaccesstoqualityhealthcareissignificantinbridgingthesocialgap.Astheseservicesproducemoresocialwell-beingthandirectbusinessprofits,theyrelymainlyonernmentbudget.Similarly,educationysacrucialroleinfosteringnotonlyaliteandskilledworkbutalsoatolerant,diverseandharmonioussociety.Giventhescaleandnatureofeducation,financialsupportsfromtheernmentarethereforeHowever,theimportanceandurgencyofhealthcareandeducationdoesnotdenythenecessityofpublicfundingforentertainingandsportsindustry.Whilebuildingtheatresorstadiumsmaynotbringimmediatereturns,itnurturestheculturalatmosphereofacityandencouragespublicengagementsinsportseventsinthelongrun.Inthissense,italsobringslong-termpublicgoodandthereforedeservesernmentfunds.Furthermore,thesefacilitiesareverymuchlikelytoboosttheentertainmentindustryandbringlong-termeconomicgains,buttheyarebynaturecomplexandtime-consumingprojects,soprivatecompaniestendtohesitatewhentheyweighthegainandloss.Ifthe ernmentcouldinitiatetheprojects,moreprivatefundswilljoinintheefforts,thusmakingthemacontinuoussuccess.AcaseinpointisShanghaiCultureza.Firstlaunchedby ernmentandlaterbycarcompanies,ithasnowattractedmillionsofvisitorseachyearand earecognizedculturalbrandinShanghai.Inconclusion,allocatingnationalbudgetstohealthcareandeducationiscrucial,buternmentinvestmentsintherecreationalindustryarealsoessentialforthewell-beinginthelong①beallocated n. adj. v.⑥economic 滬江留學(xué)教研老師，復(fù)旦大，主攻雅思托福等留學(xué)考試。家人事部翻譯筆譯一級、口譯二級；TESOL認證。具有豐富的線上線到雅思寫作7分?！荆篠ectionQuestions1-Questions1-CompletethenotesWriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSORANUMBERforeachFord3R1CurrentEstimated6000aThirdpartyNoclaims6Questions5-ChooseTHREEletters,A-WhichadditionalcoverdoesLiamAB14-daycovercourtesyCDriverDProtectednoclaimsEFLostcarGQuestions8-CompletetheformWriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer. LiamByrd 35BottiviLleCrescent, Dateof 0121677 Card ************Security Howdidthecustomerhearabout SectionCompletethesentencesWriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.11Everyyearmorethan peopletrytoclimbMontBlanc. reachthetopeverydayinthesummerInJuly2007therewere30fatalities,chieflydueOnedangeriscausedbyotherChoosethecorrectletter,A,BorHowdidKatherinedohermostrecentAinaBwithaConherWhydidKatherinefindherfirstclimbofMontBlancAbecauseofpoorweatherBbecauseofthetimeshewasCbecausetheroutewasWhatdidKatherinedoonhersecondclimbthatmadeitAShespentafewdaysinChamonixBShedidtheclimbovertwoCSheclimbedsmallerpeaksforChooseTHREEletters,A-WhathasexperiencetaughtKatherineaboutclimbingMontABeingoodphysicalBHavetherightclimbingCWearseverallayersofDProtectyourselffromtheEClimbwithFAcclimatiseyourselftothealtitudeSectionWriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachWhendoElaineandAdamdecidetomeetforWhatitemdoesAdamthinkwillhelpthemworkindependentlyonHowdoesElainesuggesttheyspendtheirrevisiontimebetweenCompletethesentencesWriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachIt’sbesttoavoidtaking tokeytheoriesandUsingdiagramscanhelpkeepalotofBulletpointscanenableyoutoKeeparecordofyoursources,suchasChoosethecorrectletter.A,BorInfuturerevisionsessionsAdamsuggestsusingpastAtotrytopredictfutureexamBtotesteachCtodiscusstheElaineAaddingessaypracticetotheBngessaysunderexamCaskingatutortomarktheirSectionChoosethecorrectletter,A,BorAccordingtothetext,sharedAisverypopularintheBreducesthenumberofcarsinanCimprovesthedynamicbetweendriversandSharedspacedesignresultsAfewerroadBstrongerboundariesbetweenpedestriansandCincreasedlocalSupportersofsharedspacearguethatAleadstonewbusinessesBmakespeoplehappiertoshopintheCencouragesMatchthegroupsA-Dwiththeirconcernsaboutsharedspace34-BlindSupportersofsharedInsufficientexperienceamongstAlackofimportantIntimidationbyTheLossoffamiliarstreetChooseTWOletters,A-PeoplewillbeabletoanswertheontheatthelocalattheproposedatQuestionChoosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.QuestionsmustbedesignedsothattheyAdonotreflecttheviewsofthenBdonotrequireanunderstandingofsharedCareeasytoAnswerSectiononthefireanddebitcard/visaonthe

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SectionCABDACB40.1below.TheMITfactor:celebrating150yearsofmaverickTheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhasledtheworldintothefuturefor150yearswithscientificinnovations.ThemusicianYo-YoMa’scellomaynotbetheobviousstartingpointforajourneyintooneoftheworld’sgreatuniversities.But,asyouquicklyrealisewhenyoustepinsidetheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,there’spreciouslittlegoingonthatyouwouldnormallyseeonauniversitycampus.Thecello,restinginacornerofMIT’scelebratedmedialaboratory—ahubofcreativity—lookslikeanyotherelectricclassicalinstrument.Butitismuchmore.Machover,thecomposer,teacherandinventorresponsibleforitscreation,callsita‘hyperinstrument’,asortofthinkingmachinethatallowsMaandhiscellotoinctwithoneanotherandmakemusictogether.‘TheaimistobuildaninstrumentworthyofagreatmusicianlikeYo-YoMathatcanunderstandwhatheistryingtodoandrespondtoit,’Machoversays.Thecellohasnumeroussensorsacrossitsbodyandbymeasuringthepressure,speedandangleofthevirtuoso’sperformanceitcaninterprethismoodandengagewithit,producingextraordinarynewsounds.Thevirtuosocellistfrequentlyperformsontheinstrumentashetoursaroundtheworld.Machover’spassionforpushingattheboundariesoftheexistingworldtoextendandunleashhumanpotentialisnotabaddescriptionofMITasawhole.Thisunusualcommunitybringshighlygifted,highlymotivatedindividualstogetherfromavastrangeofdisciplines,unitedbyacommondesire:toleapintothedarkandreachfortheunknown.Theresultofthatsingleunifyingambitionisvisibleallaround.Forthepast150years,MIThasbeenleadingtheworldintothefuture.Thediscoveriesofitsteachersandstudentshave ethecommoneverydayobjectsthatwenowalltakeforgranted.Theephone,electromagnets,radars,high-speedphotography,officephotocopiers,cancertreatments,pocketcalculators,computers,theInternet,thedecodingofthehumangenome,lasers,spacetravel...thelistofinnovationsthatinvolvedessentialcontributionsfromMITanditsfacultygoesonandon.FromthemomentMITwasfoundedbyWilliamBartonRogersin1861,itwasclearwhatitwasnot.WhileHarvardstucktotheEnglishmodelofaclassicaleducation,withitsemphasisonLatinandGreek,MITlookedtotheGermansystemoflearningbasedonresearchandhands-onexperimentation.Knowledgewasatapremium,butithadtobeuseful.Thisdown-to-earthqualityisenshrinedintheschoolmotto,Mensetmanus-Mindandhand-aswellasitslogo,whichshowsagownedscholarstandingbesideanironmongerbearingahammerandanvil.Thatsymbiosisofinlectandcraftsmanshipstillsuffusestheinstitute’sclassrooms,wherestudentsarenotsomuchtaughtasengagedandinspired.TakeChristopherMerrill,21,athird-yearundergraduateincomputerscience.Heisspendingmostofhistimeonacompetitionsetinhisroboticsclass.Thecontestistoseewhichstudentcanmosteffectivelyprogramarobottobuildahouseoutofblocksinundertenminutes.Merrillsayshecouldhavegonefortheeasiestroute-designingasimplerobotthatwouldbuildthehousequickly.Buthewantedtotrytomasteranareaofroboticsthatremainsunconquered—adaptability,theabilityoftherobottorethinkitsnsastheenvironmentarounditchanges,aswouldahuman.‘Iliketotakeonthingsthathaveneverbeendonebeforeratherthantoworkin tivewayjustmakingsmallstepsforward,’heexMerrillisalreadynningthestart-uphewantstosetupwhenhegraduatesinayear’stime.Hehasanideaforanoriginalversionofacontactlensthatwouldaugmentrealitybyallowingconsumerstoseeadditionalvisualinformation.Heisfearfulthathemightbejusttoolateintakinghisconcepttomarket,ashehasheardthataSiliconValleyfirmisalreadydevelosomethingsimilar.Assuch,hemight eoneofmanyMITgraduateswhogoontoformcompaniesthatfail.Alternatively,hemighteoneofthosewhogoontosucceedinspectacularfashion.Andtherearemanyofthem.AsurveyoflivingMITalumni*foundthattheyhaveformed25,800companies,employingmorethanthreemillionpeople,includingaboutaquarteroftheworkofSiliconValley.WhatMITdelightsinistakingbrilliantmindsfromaroundtheworldinvastlydiversedisciplinesandputtingthemtogether.YoucanseethatinitssparklingnewDavidKochInstituteforIntegrativeCancerResearch,whichbringsscientists,engineersandcliniciansunderoneroof.OrinitsEnergyInitiative,whichactsasabridgeforMIT’scombinedworkacrossallitsfiveschools,channellinghugeresourcesintothesearchforasolutiontoglobalwarming.Itworkstoimprovetheefficiencyofexistingenergysources,includingnuclearpower.Itisalsoforgingaheadwithalternativeenergiesfromsolartowindandgeothermal,andhasrecentlydevelopedtheuseofestosynthesisebatteriesthatcouldprovecrucialintheadvancementofelectriccars.InthewordsofTimBerners-Lee,theBritonwhoinventedtheWorldWideWeb,notjustanotherEventhoughIspendmytimewithmyheadburiedinthedetailsofwebtechnology,inotherfieldswiththeirstudentsthatarefascinating,andthatkeepsmein*peoplewhohaveleftauniversityorcollegeaftercompletingtheirstudiesQuestions1-Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationinthereadingpassage? ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisTheactivitiesgoingonattheMITcampusarelikethoseatanyotherHarvardandMITsharedasimilarapproachtoeducationwhentheywereTheschoolmottowassuggestedbyaformerMITMIT’slogoreflectsthebeliefthatinlectandcraftsmanshipgoSiliconValleycompaniespayhighersalariestograduatesfromQuestions6-CompletethenotesChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachChristopherMerrill-studentatDegree 6 to theautomatedconstructionofaSpecialfocus the ofFuture todevelopnewtypeof AnswerthequestionsChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachWhatproportionofworkersatSiliconValleyareemployedincompaniessetupbyMITgraduates?WhatproblemdoesMIT’sEnergyInitiativeaimtoWhich‘green’innovationmightMIT’sworkwitheshelpInwhichpartoftheuniversitydoesTimBerners-LeeenjoystimulatingconversationswithotherMITstaff?2below.Space:TheFinalArchaeologicalSpacetravelmaystillhavealongdaytogo,butthenotionofarchaeologicalresearchandheritagemanagementinspaceisalreadyconcerningscientistsandIn1993,UniversityofHawaii’santhropologistBenFinney,whoformuchofhiscareerhasstudiedthetechnologyonceusedbyPolynesianstocolonizeislandsinthePacific,suggestedthatitwouldnotbeprematuretobeginthinkingaboutthearchaeologyofRussianandAmericanaerospacesitesontheMoonandMars.FinneypointedoutthatjustastodaysscholarsusearchaeologicalrecordstoinvestigatehowPolynesiansdivergedculturallyastheyexploredthePacific,archaeologistswillsomedaystudyoff-Earthsitestotracethedevelopmentofhumansinspace.Herealizedthatitwasunlikelyanyonewouldbeabletoconductfieldworkinthenearfuture,buthewasconvincedthatonedaysuchworkwouldbedone.Thereisagrowingawareness,however,thatitwon’tbelongbeforebothcorporateadventurersandspacetouristsreachtheMoonandMars.ThereisawealthofimportantarchaeologicalsitesfromthehistoryofspaceexplorationontheMoonandMarsandmeasuresneedtobetakentoprotectthesesites.Inadditiontothethreatfromprofit-seekingcorporations,scholarsciteotherpotentiallydestructivessuchassouvenirhuntingandunmonitoredscientificsampling,ashasalreadyoccurredinexplorationsofremotepolarregions.Alreadyin1999one wasproposingaroboticlunarrovermissionbeginningatthesiteofTranquilityBaseandrumblingacrosstheMoonfromonearchaeologicalsitetoanother,fromthewreckoftheRangerSprobetoApollo17slandingsite.Themission,whichwouldleavevehicletyre-marksalloversomeofthemostfamoussitesontheMoon,waspromotedasaformoftheme-parkentertainment.AccordingtothevaguelywordedUnitedMotionsOuterSpaceTreatyof1967.Whatitterms‘spacejunk’remainsthepropertyofthecountrythatsentthecraftorprobeintospace.Butthetreatydoesn’texplicitlyaddressprotectionofsiteslikeTranquilityBase,andequatingtheremainsofhumanexplorationoftheheavenswith‘spacejunk’leavesthemvulnerabletoscavengers.Anotherproblemarisesthroughotherinternationaltreatiesproclaimingthatlandinspacecannotbeownedbyanycountryorindividual.Thispresentssomeinterestingdilemmasfortheaspiringmanagerofextraterrestrialculturalresources.DoestheUSownNeilArmstrong'sfamousfirstfootprintsontheMoonbutnotthelunardustinwhichtheywererecorded?SurelythosefootprintsareasimportantinthestoryofhumandevelopmentasthoseleftbyhominidsatLaetoli,Tanzania.ButunliketheLaetoliprints,whichhavesurvivedfor3.5millionyearsencasedincement-likeash.ThoseatTranquilityBasecouldbesweptawaywithacasualbrushofaspacetourist’shand.Todealwithproblemslikethese,itmaybetimetolooktoinnovativeinternationaladministrativestructuresforthepreservationofhistoricremainsonthenewfrontier.TheMoon,withitswealthofsites,willsurelybethefirstdestinationofarchaeologiststrainedtoworkinspace.Butanyyoungscholarshotoclaimthemantleofhistory’sfirstlunararchaeologistwillbedisappointed.Thatdistinctionisalreadytaken.OnNovember19.1969,astronautsCharlesConradandAlanBeanmadeadifficultmanuallandingoftheApollo12lunarmoduleintheMoon’sOceanofStorms,justafewhundredfeetfromanunmannedprobe.SurveyorJ.thathadlandedinacrateronApril19.1967.Unrecognizedatthetime,thiswasanimportantmomentinthehistoryofscience.BeanandConradwereabouttoconductthefirstarchaeologicalstudiesontheMoon.AftertheobligatoryntingoftheAmericanflagandsomegeologicalsampling,ConradandBeanmadetheirwaytoSurveyor3.Theyobservedthattheprobehadbouncedaftertouchdownandcarefullyphotographedtheimpressionsmadebyitsfootpads.Thewholespacecraftwascoveredindust,perhapskickedupbythelanding.Theastronaut-archaeologistscarefullyremovedtheprobesevisioncamera,remotesamplingarmandpiecesoftubing.Theybaggedandlabelledtheseartefacts,andstowedthemonboardtheirlunarmodule.OntheirreturntoEarth,theypassedthemontotheDavesonSpaceCenterinHouston,Texas,andtheHughesAirandSpaceCorporationinSegundo,California.There,scientistsyzedthechangesintheseaerospaceartefacts.Oneresultoftheysisastonishedthem.AfragmentoftheevisioncamerarevealedevidenceofthebacteriaStreptococcusmitis.IoramomentitwasthoughtConradandBeanhaddiscoveredevidenceforlifeontheMoon,butafterfurtherresearchtherealexnationbecameapparent.Whilethecamerawasbeinginstalledintheprobepriortothelaunch,someonesneezedonit.TheresultingbacteriahadtravelledtotheMoon,remainedinanalternatingzing.'boilingvacuumformorethantwoyears,andreturnedpromptlytolifeuponreachingthesafetyofalaboratorybackonEarth.Thefindingthatnoteventhevastnessofspacecanstophumansfromspreadingasorethroatwasanunexpectedspin-off.RuttheartefactsbroughtbackbyReanandConradhaveabroadersignificance.Simpleastheymayseem,theyprovidethefirstexampleofextraterrestrialarchaeologyandperhapsmoresignificantforthehistoryofthedisciplineformationalarchaeology,thestudyofenvironmentalandculturalsuponthelifehistoryofhumanartefactsinspace.CompleteeachsentencewiththecorrectendingA-Hfromtheboxbelow.WritethecorrectletterA-Hinboxes1-6onyouranswersheet.14BenFinney'smainacademicworkinvestigatesthewaythat15BenFinneythoughtthatinthelongtermmercialpressuresmeanthatintheimmediate17.......... AcademicsareconcernedbythefactthatinisolatedregionsonEarth.18Oneproblemwiththe1967UNtreatyisthat19Thewordingoflegalagreementsoverowners