定語從句狀語從句名詞性從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句英語中三大從句類型：1.掌握定語從句的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)、幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法；2.能夠辨別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句；3.學(xué)會(huì)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞“引導(dǎo)的定語從句，并會(huì)實(shí)際操作；4.掌握關(guān)系代詞as的用法；5.掌握way做先行詞時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞的用法；6.幾種容易混淆的句型。本課要點(diǎn)1.定語從句的概念：句子中起定語作用的從句。2.定語從句的構(gòu)成先行詞主句中被修飾或限定的名詞或代詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句并代替先行詞在從句中做相同成分從句1、缺少主語/賓語/狀語/定語；2、但必須有謂語；3、所缺成分具有唯一性；4、缺什么補(bǔ)什么；++Step.1定語從句的概念及結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)詞即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三大作用：1.連接作用2.指代作用3.擔(dān)當(dāng)成分作用

連接定語從句和主句替代前面的先行詞在定語從句中一定要充當(dāng)句子成分Heprefersthecheesethat/whichcomesfromhisparents'farm.Hesaysthatheprefersthecheesefromhisparents'farm.賓從，無先行詞之說，在這僅起連接作用定從，引導(dǎo)詞做主語

定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞Step2.關(guān)系代詞&關(guān)系副詞的基本用法1.關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代關(guān)系指人指物在定語從句中的作用whowhomwhichthatwhose√主語、賓語√賓語√主語、賓語√√主語、賓語√√定語何時(shí)可以省略？做賓語時(shí)可以省略關(guān)系代詞的用法練習(xí)1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemyesterdaywerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/that

hecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhosehisEnglishisthebestinourclass.whose=thestudent’s2.關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why）的指代關(guān)系先行詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謺r(shí)間

地點(diǎn)原因when狀語where狀語why狀語關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=why關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞，從句中充當(dāng)狀語關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞作定語從句中什么成分？

原則上先行詞作定語從句中的主語、賓語、介詞賓語，要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句；先行詞作定語從句中的狀語，要用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。

缺什么補(bǔ)什么但最難判斷的是先行詞到底作賓語還是作狀語，此時(shí)一定要抓住定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，特別是定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞。先行詞作定語從句中的主語、賓語、介詞賓語

關(guān)系代詞:who/whom/whose/that/which/as

缺主語←無論謂語什么形式主語＋vt.→缺賓語主語＋vi./be表語＋介詞→缺賓語主語＋雙賓語vt.→缺一個(gè)賓語主語＋vt.→缺賓語

＋賓補(bǔ)（定語從句中缺少主/賓語）先行詞作定語從句中的狀語

關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why(或介詞＋which)主語＋vi.→缺狀語主語＋vt.＋賓語→缺狀語主語＋be＋表語→缺狀語主語＋bedone（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）→缺狀語主語＋vt.＋雙賓語/復(fù)合賓語→缺狀語（定語從句中缺少狀語）1)I’llneverforgettheday_________we

firstmetinthepark.2)I’llneverforgetthetime_____________

Ispentwithyou.3)Thisisthemuseum_________Ipaidavisitlastyear.4)Thisisthemuseum______________I

visitedlastyear.when(which/that)where(which/that)when,where,why&that,which

主語＋vi.→缺狀語主語＋vt.→缺賓語主語＋vt.＋賓語→缺狀語主語＋vt.→缺賓語5)Thisisthestory_____________theold

mantoldusyoungpeople.6)Thisisthestory_______the

oldmantoldusyoungpeoplehisexperience.7)Thisisthepoint_______Idon'tagree.8)Thisisthepoint_____________Idon't

agreewith.(that/which)wherewhere(which/that)主語＋雙賓語vt.→缺一個(gè)賓語主語＋vt.＋雙賓語→缺狀語主語＋vi.→缺狀語主語＋vi.＋介詞→缺賓語9)Later,theycametoaplace

_____________thenativescalledthe

GhostCave.10)Thisistheverycase_______

anewwordisuseduncorrectly,although

ithasbeenlearntbyheart.(that/which)where主語＋vt.→缺賓語

＋賓補(bǔ)主語＋bedone（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）→缺狀語*先行詞為表示抽象空間概念的名詞，如case,situation,position,stage,point,atmosphere等時(shí)，在從句中作狀語用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。容易誤用作不及物動(dòng)詞的

及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)visit,spend,watch,buy,enter,reach,mention(提到),serve,marry,discuss,fit,lack(缺乏),greet(問候),ring,doubt(懷疑),say等上述及物動(dòng)詞作謂語（后無賓語）時(shí)，定語從句要關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。Thatwasacave___________nobody

hadenteredbefore.(which/that)容易誤用作及物動(dòng)詞的不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)arrive,

live,

work,

stay,

agree,disagree,knock,object(反對(duì)),lie,flow,operate(做手術(shù)),depend,rely(依靠、取決于),wait,happen,insist(堅(jiān)持),reply,talk,look,listen,belong,rise,givein等上述不及物動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，定語從句（不缺主語）要用關(guān)系副詞或介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。Lanzhouisacity___________________

theYellowRiverflows.where/throughwhichStep3.定語從句分類1.TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定語從句2.TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句的構(gòu)成Theoldladywholivesnexttoussellsbooks.YoushoulddoallthatIsaid.IhavefoundtheartistwhomIamlookingfor.Ivisitedthefactorywheremyfatherworks.先行詞之后,用陳述句語序“….的”關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞3.構(gòu)成2.翻譯方法:1.從句位置及語序:非限制性定語從句Thetown

whereIliveisbeautiful.Lanshan,whereIlive,

isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Pleasecompare:

形式

作用

能否省略

翻譯限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句插入成分，有逗號(hào)修飾限定，聯(lián)系緊密補(bǔ)充解釋不能能….的，先翻譯從句，后翻譯先行詞無逗號(hào)先譯先行詞后翻譯從句限制性定從,省略后主語所指就不明確，去掉句意大受影響。非限制定從,起補(bǔ)充作用，去掉，句意不受或少受影響。非限制性定語從句和單句的比較1.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,________madehisparentsangry.Thiswhich×

that非限制性定語從句，可以指代前面整個(gè)句子，不能用that做引導(dǎo)詞We’llgotovisitthefamousschool.Wehaveoftentalked_____thefamousschool.

Thisistheboy.Iplayedtennis_____theboyyesterday.

We’llgotovisitthefamousschool

which/that/\

wehaveoftentalked.

Step4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。withaboutThisistheboy

whom/that/\/who

Iplayedtennis.with×××××about介詞+which指物介詞+whom指人who、that不能用與介詞之后根據(jù)從句中的動(dòng)詞搭配Thisisthebook_____

whichyouasked.注意：動(dòng)詞短語不能拆，即介詞不提前我照顧的那個(gè)老人好多了。Theoldmanafter

whomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.如何判斷介詞for根據(jù)從句中的形容詞搭配Hetoldmesomereferencebooks____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with根據(jù)先行詞與介詞搭配I’llneverforgettheday________hemadethespeech.Themonth_____whichIleftforvocationisJuly.Themoment_____whichImadethedecisionisexciting.oninat4.

根據(jù)定語從句所表達(dá)的意義和邏輯來確定。Air,________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.without5.whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)”

Theyliveinahouse,

thedoorofwhich

openstothesouth.

Theyliveinahouse,

ofwhichthedoor

openstothesouth.e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.*

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhom

areverykindtohim.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom

arefrombigcities.Step5.定語從句幾大考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一：從句中動(dòng)詞的數(shù)

Therecorderthathasbeengiventomeishome-made.1、關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致；先行詞是句子時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：I,whoamyourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.

Heisoneofthestudentswhohavemadegreatprogress.2、“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前作先行詞時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞通常要用復(fù)數(shù)；當(dāng)one前有the(only),the(very)等修飾時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。如：

MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhohasbeeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.1.先行詞為

everything,little,much,all,anything,nothing,none,few等不定代詞,或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，或被theonly,thevery，thelast

修飾時(shí)3.先行詞同時(shí)指人和指物時(shí)4.在以which/who為疑問詞的特殊疑問句中5.在therebe(先行詞指物做主語)/hereis開頭/itistime句型中以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which?？键c(diǎn)二：只用that不用which考點(diǎn)三：只能用which不用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞,也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。3.句子中同時(shí)有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)已經(jīng)用了that引導(dǎo)時(shí)2.

先行詞是物，緊接在介詞后面時(shí)考點(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞as的用法☆thesame…as表示同一類人或物；

thesame…that指同一個(gè)人或物1.直接引導(dǎo)定語從句:作用相當(dāng)于which

Hewaslate,as/whichisoftenthecase.2.與such連用,引導(dǎo)定語從句

Therearenosuchwritersasyoumention.Itgavehimsuchashockthathisfaceturnedwhite.3.與same連用,引起定語從句

如此……以至于

Thisisthesamepen______Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD...thesamepenasIlost....thesamepenthatIlost.表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，不一定就是則表示這支筆就是我不見的那支Eg:比較：4.as與which的區(qū)別1)限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as，不能用which2)非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，像”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn'texpected.★as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如

beknown，besaid，bereported等1.先行詞是人稱代詞時(shí)，如：He,whojustheardthenewsofhisfather’sdeath,burstintotears.2.those做先行詞指人做主語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞多用who。Headmiredthosewholookedbeautiful.考點(diǎn)五:什么情況下用who不用that？考點(diǎn)六:way做先行詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因：1.Theway_____________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway____________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺狀語缺賓語缺少主語或賓語:引導(dǎo)詞用that/which/不填(缺賓語時(shí))主語賓語都不缺:引導(dǎo)詞用that/inwhich/不填Step6.易混句型1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_________wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof_________wereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseof_______thereisapairofglasses.b.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof______thereisapairofglasses解題點(diǎn)撥:是否有連詞是區(qū)分定語從句和并列句的關(guān)鍵。1.定語從句與并列句themwhomwhichhim1).a.Thenews________ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.

b.Thenews____________hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.2).a.Imadeapromise_____ifanyonesetmefree,Iwould