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歷年高考短文改錯真題分類解析

第一部分名詞錯誤

一、可數(shù)名詞應采用復數(shù)形式,卻使用了單數(shù)形式

1、解題要點:名詞前有修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的的形容詞、數(shù)詞或者短語(如

many,several,two,oneandahalf,afew,coupleof,allkinds/sorts/varietiesof);

可數(shù)名詞須用復數(shù)。

Happybirthday,Peter,andmanyhappyreturnoftheday!

Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.

Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospital

foratleasttwoweek.

Butoneandahalfyearlater,InowthinkEnglishfuntolearn.

Istayedhereforoneandahalfhourandmadesurethatthegirlwasallright.

Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese,Englishandphysics.

Mybrotherwassomuchfondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentsto

stayinganothercoupleofday.

Aseveryoneknows,it'sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimal.

2、解題要點:句中的其他一些詞(代詞alktheir,副詞often,形容詞busy、

介詞短語oneof等)暗示可數(shù)名詞須用復數(shù)。

Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily;theywantmetodevoteallmytimeto

mystudiessothatI'Hgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.

WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV

together.

Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess,butitdidn'tmatterthatI

wouldwinornot.

OnthewayIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful

Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.

Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,butafterclasswebecome

strangeratonce.

Itwillbelotsoffunforpracticingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoonwiththetree

aroundusallredandyellowandeverybodylaughingandshout.

OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswe

broughtfromourhomes.

Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.

3、解題要點:聯(lián)系上下文,從邏輯上推斷可數(shù)名詞須用復數(shù)。如人有兩個肩膀,

動物有許多種等。

I'dliketostayingthereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterestorpracticingmy

Englishaswell.

We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwaterandneitheragricultureorindustry

cangowithoutit.

Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayover

theyears.

WhenteagotpopularinBritain,therewasacryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlesto

suitBritishhabits.

4、解題要點:部分固定搭配中的名詞須用復數(shù)形式。如thansto"多虧了,

由于"

Thanktoherhelp,Imadegreatprogressinmystudy.

二、不可數(shù)名詞或者應用單數(shù)名詞,卻使用了復數(shù)形式

解題要點:常見的不可數(shù)名詞"十大金剛"是:news,information,work(工

作),止匕夕卜:(零

advice,progress,weather,fun,luck,music,health0change

錢),baggage,luggage(行李),equipment,furnitureJewellery等。

Heagreedtoreadingmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikeareal

writer.

解題要點:一些固定搭配,只用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,不用復數(shù)。如haveno

idea(of)(不清楚),findone'sway等。

Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.

Third,sinceIwasfamiliarwithBeijing,Icanhelpvisitorsfindtheirwaysinthecity.

解題要點:可數(shù)名詞前已有冠詞a/an,其后又采用復數(shù)形式,相互矛盾。

Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutofftheuseofenergyinourcountry.

四、抽象名詞采取了形容詞或者動詞形式

解題要點:在冠詞后須用名詞,兩個并列成分,其中一個是名詞,提示另一個也

須用名詞。此時不能誤用形容詞或動詞形式。

Also,thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience(服從).

Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.

Otherwayistowatchoureverydayuseofwaterandelectricathome.

第二部分代詞錯誤

一、關系代詞誤用

(一)表示地點、時間、原因的引導詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語,而不

是狀語時,就不能用where,when,why等關系副詞,而應用關系代詞which或that,

且在非限定性從句中只能用whicho

IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.

(二)在非限定性定語從句中,表示事物的引導詞只能用which,不能用that。

Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmight

notbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.

二、反身代詞與賓格代詞的誤用

(三)當主語和動詞(包括非謂語動詞)賓語或者介詞賓語為同一人時,要用反

身代詞~self。反身代詞與其所指的名詞或者代詞,在人稱、性別和單復數(shù)上要保

持一致。當主語和動詞賓語或者介詞賓語不是同一人的,只能用賓格代詞。

I對應myself;We對應ourself

You(你)對應yourself;you(你們)對應yourselves

he對應himself;she對應herself;it對應itself;they對應themselves

注意:第三人稱的主語不一定是代詞,可以是一切指人或物的名詞。

主語和動詞賓語或者介詞賓語為同一人,須用反身代詞

SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmein

simpleEnglish.

Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,"WhatcanIdo?Weareguestsafterall.”

主語和動詞賓語或者介詞賓語不是同一人的,只能用賓格代詞

Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewas

strongandpowerful.

IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofartheraway,andthat

mymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.

三、指代錯誤(邏輯錯誤)

(四)人身代詞的人稱誤用。在主從句中,或者相鄰的兩個句子中,可以明顯地

看出人稱方面的混用。將第一人稱誤用為第三人稱;第三人稱又誤用成了第一人

稱。

Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.

Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwere

veryexcited.

Finally,Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureorshowthem

[heirgreatachievements.

Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidingusforthe

wonderfulmeals.

Whiletheothersarejumpingaboutintheair,Icanrunundermylegsandgettheball.

Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon'thaveenoughwater.

(五)人身代詞的性別誤用。人稱和單復數(shù)未錯,但性別錯誤。

Beforeherleavingoff,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.

(六)人身代詞的單復數(shù)誤用。性別和人稱未錯,但單復數(shù)錯誤。

Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.

NangisaspeciallykindofcakeinXinjiang.Ilikethemverymuch.

四、不定代詞誤用

(一)根據(jù)上下文,應該用表示所有人的不定代詞,而不能用表示部分人的不定

代詞。

Iamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguingandtherewas

nowayofsettlethematterexceptbysellingtheTVset.Nowsomeoneathomereads

instead.

(二)anything指“任何事情”,強調部分,含有任意一件事情之意。多用于否

定、疑問和條件句中。Everything指“所有事情”,強調全部,含有全部事情之意。

notanything=nothing;而noteverything并非/不是所有的東西/事情

anything和everything的區(qū)別就在于:anything不是指所有的,而everything是

所有的!

ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslate

anythingintoEnglish.

(三)other不能單獨出現(xiàn)。前面必須有定冠詞the.多個中最后的一個用“the

other";多個中的泛指的另一個,要用another.

What'smore,wecangotoworkbybikeonceandtwiceaweek,andwecanalsobuy

smallercarsthatburnlessoil.Otherwayistowatchoureverydayuseofwaterand

electricathome.

五、賓格代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用

ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingto

Beijing.

(賓格代詞me應改為名詞性物主代詞mine,mine=myfriends)

六、代詞多余

Ihaveeitherbrothersnorsisters,inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.

(inotherwords“換句話說”,是固定搭配)

七、代詞遺漏

(-)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,要么有冠詞,要么有代詞。根據(jù)上下文,若特指的名詞

歸屬很明確,應該用代詞,而不用定冠詞the.

Thedaybeforethespeechcontest(比賽)AEnglishteachertalkedtome.

I'mwritingtotellyouAopinionaboutwatersaving.

(二)及時動詞后面必須跟賓語。若賓語為重復前面已經(jīng)提到的特指的同一事物,

要用it指代。(one/ones代替同一類而非同一事物;that特指同一類的其他事物,

相當于theone)

OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedAtomyteacher.

八、代詞與不定冠詞的誤用

Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.

(keepadiary是固定搭配,“寫日記";keepmydiary”保留我的日記”)

第三部動詞錯誤

一、謂語動詞時態(tài)錯誤

(-)應該用過去時,卻誤用了現(xiàn)在時或將來時(19次)

尋找錯誤線索:1、聯(lián)系上下文,前后均用過去時;2、賓語從句的主句謂語動

詞已用過去時;3、其他兩個或者兩個以上并列成份用過去時;4、表示過去的

時間狀語;5、隱含條件的邏輯推斷

1、聯(lián)系上下文,前后均用過去時

(NMET1999)Iamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottime

arguingandtherewasnowayofsettlethematterexceptbysellingtheTVset.

(NMET2000)Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.Irememberedherwordsand

calmdown.

(2002年n)OnthewayIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.

Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcamedown.

(2003年n)OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher,shelikeditvery

muchandreadsittotheclass

(2006年III)AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetween

FranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.Highoverthewater,theydiscoverahole

intheballoon.

(2009年H)Imeantogiveitbacktoyoubeforefourintheafternoon,andIwas_

holduponmywayback.JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtosee

anaccident.

(2010年I)AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.Myteachershavebeen

tellingmehowgreatmywritingwas.

(2013年新課標1)Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.

(2011年I)Iholdmylunch-boxinmyhandwhenIwasgoingtoschool.Thesmell

fromitwasverygood.

(2013年新課標11)Thiscustomsoonbecomesanothermealofday.Interesting,it

hadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.

(2013年I)MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisit

Beijinglastmonth.

2、賓語從句的主句謂語動詞已用過去時

(2010年H)Shesaiditwasthebestgiftshehaseverhad.

(2013年H)IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofarther

away,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.

3、其他兩個或者兩個以上并列成份用過去時

(2002年II)Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtold

stories.

4、表示過去的時間狀語

(2006年II)WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelago.

(2008年I)Iwinanationalprizeforpaintinglastweek.

(2010年H)Atthattime,weoftenspendtimetogether.

(2011年H)However,myfatherhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflyback

lastSaturdayafternoon.

5、其他隱含條件

(NMET1997)Hello.IlearnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacher,MissFang.(改為

learned或learnt)

(2005年HI)Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.

(-)應該用現(xiàn)在時,卻誤用了過去時

尋找錯誤線索:1、聯(lián)系上下文,前后均用現(xiàn)在時

(NMET1998)Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourschoolfootball

team.WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV

together.

(2000春季)IMlikeverymuchcomebuthadanexaminationonMondaymorning.

ItisaveryimportantexambutIcan'taffordtofailit.

(2001年H)Myparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmake

surethatIgetagoodeducation.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily;they

wantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI'llgetgoodmarksinallmy

subject.

(2004年H)Idon'tknowthattheydon'tliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalked

toeachotherverywellinclass,butafterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.

(2007年H)ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsPmdoingat

school,butthebellwasringing,soIjusthavetostophere.

(2008年H)Third,sinceIwasfamiliarwithBeijing,Icanhelpvisitorsfindtheir

waysinthecity.

(2012年H)Waterisimportant.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwater

andneitheragricultureorindustrycangowithoutit.Yetitseemedwaterisbecoming

lessandless.

(三)謂語動詞與主語的單復數(shù)不一致

(NMET2000)Nowmypictureandtheprizejshanginginthelibrary.

(2009年H)WhenIgotback,itwerealready6pm.

(2010年I)Whatwerebetter,Ihadusefulhelp.

(注意:whatismore/better/worse為插入語,與基本句之間無須連詞。)

(2013年I)WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectioninthe

room.

(四)情態(tài)動詞后要用動詞原形

(2012年H)Next,nodrinkingwatershouldleftrunning.

二、非謂語動詞形態(tài)錯誤

(五)應該用過去分詞,卻誤用了現(xiàn)在分詞、動詞原形、過去式

尋找錯誤線索:1、分詞短語作定語,與被修飾的名詞是動賓關系,用過去分詞

(2012年H)Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,

especiallybathwaterforwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.

(2013年I)IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.

尋找錯誤線索:2、分詞形容詞化后,作表語。主語是人,要用過去分詞;主語

是物、事,用現(xiàn)在分詞。此類詞有:

interesting/interested,exciting/excitedr

tiring/tired(厭煩),pleasing/pleased等。

(NMET1997)Iusetoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime,butnowIam

interestinginfootball.(改為used;改為interested)

(2008年I)MyfatherwassopleasingthathesuggestedIgotoEnglandfora

holiday.

尋找錯誤線索:3、被動語態(tài)由be動詞+過去分詞構成,但不規(guī)則動詞的過去

分詞易誤寫動詞原形或者過去式。

(2008年H)IfIhavethehonortobechosetoworkforthe29thOlympicGames,I

willatfirstimprovemyEnglishsothatIcantalkeasilyaboutforeignvisitors.

(2013年新課標11)TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithout

handles.

(六)應該用現(xiàn)在分詞,卻用了謂語動詞、動詞原形或者過去分詞

尋找錯誤線索:當句子中有多個謂語動詞,但沒有關系詞構成主從關系或者并列

關系時,要考慮其中的一個用非謂語動詞形態(tài),特別是用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。

(2006年III)Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquickandtheballoonwas

comingup

(2013年H)Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.

尋找錯誤線索:〃with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞不定式/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/介

詞短語”的獨立主格結構作狀語。但原形動詞不可以構成獨立主格結構。

(2007年II)Itwillbelotsoffunforpracticingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoon

withthetreearoundusallredandyellowandeverybodylaughingandshout.

(七)應該用動名詞,卻誤用了動詞原型

1、動名詞作主語:

尋找錯誤線索:當句子中有多個謂語動詞,但沒有關系詞構成主從關系或者并列

關系時,要考慮其中的一個用非謂語動詞形態(tài),用作主語的往往是動名詞(動名

詞作主語,表示抽象、一般、已完成或不強調時間先后的動作,不定式作主語表

示具體、將來的動作工

(NMET1998)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowtallandstrongbutalsogiveus

asenseoffairplayandteamspirit.

(NMET1999)Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday'sworkandwatchTVdemands

verylittleeffort.

(2013年新課標11)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunch

anddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.

2、動名詞作介詞賓語或者動詞賓語

尋找錯誤線索:?介詞后面(except/but/otherthan"除了"為例外)只能接

動名詞作介詞賓語。

?有些動詞(如完成、承認、提及、放棄等本身就是涉及已完成動作的動詞)只

能接動名詞作賓語。常用動名詞作賓語的動詞記憶口訣:"考慮建議盼原諒,

承認推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練,否認完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險,不禁介

意準逃亡?!?/p>

consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,

delay/putoff,fancy(想象,設想);Avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice;

deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;

can'thelp(禁不?。?,mind,allow/permit,escape

此外r(無法忍受)(想要),(堅持)

rcantstandzgiveup,feelIikeinsiston

等也要用動名詞作賓語。

(NMET1997)Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(改為hearing)

(2010年H)Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.

(2008年I)Ihaveoftendreamedoftalkfacetofacewithyou.

(NMET1999)Iamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottime

arguingandtherewasnowayofsettlethematterexceptbysellingtheTVset.

(2000春季)rilspendallthewholeweekend(in)readingandprepareforit.

(注意:spend+表示時間段的名詞短語+動名詞是固定搭配,動名詞前實際省略

了介詞in)

(2003年II)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningto

expressmeinsimpleEnglish.

(八)應該用不定式,卻誤用了動詞原型或一ing分詞

尋找錯誤線索:有些動詞(如打算、計劃、祝愿等本身就是影響將來的動詞)只

能接不定式作賓語。常用不定式作賓語的動詞記憶口訣:"決心學會想希望,拒

絕設法愿假裝。主動答應選計劃,同意請求幫一幫。"

decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,

care(想,愿意),pretend;offer(主動表示愿意做提議>promise,choose,

止匕外,(努力,力求),

plan;agree,ask/beg,help0afford,strivehappen,

wait等也要用不定式作賓語。would/should+like/love/prefer后接不定式作

賓語。

(2000春季)I'dlikeverymuchcomebuthadanexaminationonMondaymorning.

(2003年H)WhenIfirstlearnedwriteinEnglish,Iranintomanydifficulties.

(2008年I)rdliketostayingthereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterestor

practicingmyEnglishaswell.

(2010年I)Heagreedtoreadingmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowrite

likearealwriter.

(2011年H)Mybrotherwassomuchfondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmy

parentstostayinganothercoupleofday.

(2008年H)Inshort,IwilldomybesttohelpmakingtheGamesasuccess.

(2009年H)SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.

(注意:動詞不定式作help的賓語或賓語補足語,不定式符號to可以省略。)

尋找錯誤線索:動詞不定式作主語補足語,不定式符號不能省略。此類結構如下:

Sb.+be+said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought/surp

rised/+todo.

(2006年III)ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprisedsee

thiswhentheballoonlandedinfrontofthem.

尋找錯誤線索:be/getusedto+doing習慣于,其中的to是介詞,故其后接

動名詞;usedto+動詞原形,其中的to是不定式符號,故其后接動詞原形。

(2013年新課標1)Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.

第四部分形容詞和副詞錯誤

一、副詞使用方面的錯誤

(一)在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞或者全句的詞,應為副詞,而不能用形容詞。

Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.

Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospital

foratleasttwoweek.

Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquickandtheballoonwascomingup.

Second,IwilllearnmoreabouthistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe2008Olympic

Games.

(-)關系副詞的誤用

Whatthingsareinotherhomes,Iwonder.

Besides,Ihavefewfriends.Idon*tknowthattheydon'tliketotalkwithme.

(三)聯(lián)系上下文,表示方位的副詞出現(xiàn)邏輯錯誤,方向弄反了

Highoverthewater,theydiscoveraholeintheballoon.Theholebecamebiggerand

bigger.Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquickandtheballoonwascoming

up.

SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.Istavedhereforoneandahalfhour

andmadesurethatthegirlwasallright.

(四)形近或者義近副詞的誤用

Ihopeyou'vehadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChinaagainsometimesin

thefuture.

Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.

Tobeginwith,allofuscanstartreducingtotheuseofoilbydrivingonlywhenwe

havearealneed.Thatwon'teasy,Iknow,butwehavetostartanywhere.

However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.

Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.

Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.(well/clearly)

(五)副詞的多余或者遺漏

Beforeherleavingoff,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.

Forexample,howmanytimeshaveyouwalkedoutofaroomandleavethelightsor

televisionAwhennooneelsewasthere?(on)

二、形容詞使用方面的錯誤

(-)在名詞前,只能用形容詞,而不能用副詞修飾名詞。

NangisaspeciallykindofcakeinXinjiang.

Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.

IhadnotinterestinEnglish.

(二)表示人物具有某種品質、性格、特征,只能用形容詞,而不能用副詞。(只

有表示方位的副詞可以作表語。如lamhere.)

Mypronunciationwasterribly.

Pmlittleofcourse,butterriblyquickandbravely.(little是small的非正式說法)

Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandauietly.(把...描述成....)

(三)聯(lián)系上下文,應該用形容詞比較級,卻誤用了形容詞的原形;應該用最高

級,卻誤用了比較級。

Thetwomenthrewalltheirequipmentintothewatertomaketheballoonlight.

ThesearethehappiergirlsFveeverseenandFmthehappiestofall!

(四)義近形容詞的誤用

Ifyou'dliketomakeatriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyour

guide.

morethan的4種用法:

1.“Morethan+名詞”表示“不僅僅是"Weneedmorethanmaterialwealthtobuild

ourcountry.建設我們國家,不僅僅需要物質財富.

2.“Morethan+數(shù)詞”含“以上”或“不止”之意,如:IhaveknownDavidformore

than20years.

3.“Morethan+形容詞”等于“彳艮”或“非常”的意思,如:IassureyouIammore

thangladtohelpyou.

4.morethan+(that)從句,其基本意義是“超過Hover)”,但可譯成“簡直不”

“遠非”.難以,完全不能(其后通常連用情態(tài)動詞can)如:Thatismorethan

Icanunderstand.那非我所能懂的.

(五)形容詞的遺漏

Beforemyclassmates,itseemsalwaysdifficultformetodothingsAwellasthem.

第五部分冠詞錯誤

一、冠詞殘缺

(一)缺少不定冠詞a/an

單數(shù)可數(shù)泛指某一不確定的人或事物,應加不定冠詞a/an。單數(shù)名詞有形容

詞修飾的,冠詞放在形容詞前面,而非名詞前面。冠詞后的名詞或者形容詞首音

為輔音的,加a;單詞首音為元音的,加an。

注意:有些單詞首字母是元音字母,但首音并不發(fā)元音的,其前的不定冠詞

要用a。如:university,useful,usual,Europe(首音均發(fā)半元音川),one(首音為[w])

有些單詞首字母是輔音字母,但首音卻發(fā)元音的,其前的不定冠詞an。如:

hour,honest,honorable,unusual

1、冠詞后的名詞前有形容詞的情形(此種情形由于被分割,很容易忽略,

考得也最多):

(201301)ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhois

goingtoBeijing.

(201002)@Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedlongtime.

(200702)ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsI*mdoingatschool,

butthebellwasringing,soIjusthavetostophere.

(200503)②Ihopeyou'vehadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChinaagain

sometimesinthefuture.

(200202)Aseveryoneknows.it'sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsand

animal.

(2000春)②riltakethischancewishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.

2、冠詞后的名詞前無形容詞的情形:

(201102)Ifyou'dliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappy

tobeyourguide.

(200402)Pmsuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasfool.

(201001)②TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse,whowasa

verymuchfamouswriter.

3、注意固定詞組中的冠詞不能缺少。

(2014N1)Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.

(-)缺少定冠詞the

特指某一個人或者事物,特指某一些人或事物(即說話者和聽話者都知道的

人或者事物),名詞前須用定冠詞the加以限定。考試題中的特指線索:一是前

文已提到過的人或者事物,二是已有專有名詞修飾。

但若名詞前已有等限定詞或者修飾語時,則不能再加定冠詞了。

特指某一個人或者事物:

(201302)Asaresult,nobodyknewtruth.

(2013N2)Thiscustomsoonbecomesanothermealofday-

(200902)JustbeforeIturnedcomerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.

(200802)Second,IwilllearnmoreabouthistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe

2008OlympicGames.

(1998)②Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.

特指某一些人或者事物:

(201101)OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatof

luncheswebroughtfromourhomes.

二、冠詞多余

在一些固定短語或者詞組中,有些名詞即使是可數(shù)名詞,其前面也沒有不定冠詞。

這可能是由于習慣使然。

(NMET2000)①Suddenly,Icaught_a_sightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.

(2013年NI)Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameoverto

playordohomeworkwitho

三、不定冠詞和定冠詞之間的誤用

在短文中首次的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,泛指一個事物時,須用不定冠詞a。

AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEngland

intheballoonin1784.

前文已提到過的人或者事物,須有定冠詞the加以限定。

Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydon'thaveenoughwater.Todealwitha

problem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesbecausetreeswillhelpsave

water.

已有same修飾的名詞,須有定冠詞the加以限定。

Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuch

timetotalkabouttogether.

四、冠詞和代詞、數(shù)詞之間的誤用

Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.(keepadiary是一個固定詞組,”記日

記”;而keepmydiary意思是“保留我的日記”)

Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferredanother.(one.......another

也是固定搭配,二者往往成對出現(xiàn)。)

第六部分介詞錯誤

一、介詞多余

(一)在及物動詞后面誤加了介詞。及物動詞就是可以直接跟賓語的動詞,在賓

語之前無須再加介詞。

ThebookFmreadingoftalksaboutafternoonteainBritain.

Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.

Ihavejustgotsomegoodmewstotelltoyou.

Tobeginwith,allofuscanstartreducingtotheuseofoilbydrivingonlywhenwe

havearealneed.

I'msorrythatIwasn'tabletoreturntoyourbikeontimeyesterday.

(-)不及物動詞后面若無需要介詞引出的賓語,就無須加介詞。

ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprisedseethiswhenthe

balloonlandedinfrontofthem.

Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuch

timetotalkabouttogether.

(三)有些及物動詞可以接雙賓語,在表示物的直接賓語前無須加介詞。

CanyoutellmeaboutwhatIshoulddo?

(四)表語從句的結構為“主語+be+that+從句”,that前面無須加任何介詞。

ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslate

anythingintoEnglish.

(五)It作形式主語,實際主語為動名詞,動名詞前不能加介詞。

Itwillbelotsoffunforpracticingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoonwiththetree

aroundusallredandyellowandeverybodylaughingandshout.

(六)表示時間的名詞作時間狀語的引導詞,其前面不能加介詞。

IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.

(七)表示“次數(shù)”的短語作狀語,前面不能加介詞for。(但表示第幾次的短語,

前面須加介詞for,如forthe/first/second/lasttime)

WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV

together.

(八)介詞短語作狀語,不宜放在助動詞和實義動詞之間。

IwillatfirstimprovemyEnglishsothatIcantalkeasilyaboutforeignvisitors.

(九)定語從句的引導詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語時,其前面不能加介詞。

Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybathwater

forwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.

二、介詞誤用

(一)有些動詞短語中的介詞是固定的,介詞不能誤用。

I'msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasfool.

IthinkoverheralotandImissthefoodandthegoodtimewehadtogether.

Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutofftheuseofenergyinourcountry.

(二)有些動詞與一些介詞構成固定搭配,介詞不能誤用。如thank(sb.)forsth.

因為某事感謝(某人);talk(aboutsth.)with/tosb.與某人談論(某事);share.......

withsb.與某人分享,providesb.withsth.給某人提供某物,comeintosw.進入某

個地方(in表示靜態(tài)處于某個地方,表示動態(tài)進入某個地方),等等

ThanksverymuchoninvitingmetoyourbirthdaypartyonSunday.

Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.

IwillatfirstimprovemyEnglishsothatIcantalkeasilyaboutforeignvisitors.

IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.

Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidingusforthe

wonderfulmeals.

Icameinthelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbut

turnonthelight.

(三)一些介詞短語出現(xiàn)在某些固定的句子中。如fromto從某種地方

(情形)到某種地方(情形);the-est+ofall在所有人或物中是最....的;

connectionwith與什么的聯(lián)系;

newcomerfromsw.來自什么地方的新人

Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayover

theyears.

ThesearethehappiesrgirlsPveeverseenandPmthehappiestinall!

Interesting,ithadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.

Pmanewcomerhereofasmalltown.

(四)注意一些介詞和名詞的搭配。有些與漢語的表達習慣不同,如漢語的“在

展覽上”,英語是insm.showo

Unfortunately,therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.

Itwasachanceofalifetimetowinthefirstprizeon由eStoryWritingShow.

WhenIwasinthestagethenextday,IfeltsonervousthatIshooklikealeaf.

Iimagineyou'llbeatvacationyourselfbythattime.

三、缺少介詞

通常是一些動詞與介詞的固定搭配,或者其他短語,故意缺少一個介詞。

IgoAHongqiMiddleSchool,(gotosw.)

WemustkeepAmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadAourselves.(keepinmind;

insteadof)

IamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalotAtimearguingandthere

wasnowayofsettlethematterexceptbysellingtheTVset.(alotof)

Fromthenon,we'vekept八touchwitheachotherthroughe-mails,(keepintouch

with)

第七部分連詞錯誤

一、聯(lián)系上下文,使用的并列連詞不符合邏輯

(一)兩個并列的成分(單詞、短語或句子),如果是一種平行關系,表示動作

同時發(fā)生或者依次發(fā)生,應用and連接(如果有因果關系,也可以so用連接),而

不能用表示轉折的but連接。也不能用表示選擇關系的or連接。

Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.

Icameinthelivingroomandsawoneofthem

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