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歷年高考短文改錯真題分類解析
第一部分名詞錯誤
一、可數(shù)名詞應采用復數(shù)形式,卻使用了單數(shù)形式
1、解題要點:名詞前有修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的的形容詞、數(shù)詞或者短語(如
many,several,two,oneandahalf,afew,coupleof,allkinds/sorts/varietiesof);
可數(shù)名詞須用復數(shù)。
Happybirthday,Peter,andmanyhappyreturnoftheday!
Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.
Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospital
foratleasttwoweek.
Butoneandahalfyearlater,InowthinkEnglishfuntolearn.
Istayedhereforoneandahalfhourandmadesurethatthegirlwasallright.
Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese,Englishandphysics.
Mybrotherwassomuchfondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentsto
stayinganothercoupleofday.
Aseveryoneknows,it'sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimal.
2、解題要點:句中的其他一些詞(代詞alktheir,副詞often,形容詞busy、
介詞短語oneof等)暗示可數(shù)名詞須用復數(shù)。
Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily;theywantmetodevoteallmytimeto
mystudiessothatI'Hgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.
WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV
together.
Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess,butitdidn'tmatterthatI
wouldwinornot.
OnthewayIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful
Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.
Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,butafterclasswebecome
strangeratonce.
Itwillbelotsoffunforpracticingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoonwiththetree
aroundusallredandyellowandeverybodylaughingandshout.
OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswe
broughtfromourhomes.
Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.
3、解題要點:聯(lián)系上下文,從邏輯上推斷可數(shù)名詞須用復數(shù)。如人有兩個肩膀,
動物有許多種等。
I'dliketostayingthereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterestorpracticingmy
Englishaswell.
We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwaterandneitheragricultureorindustry
cangowithoutit.
Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayover
theyears.
WhenteagotpopularinBritain,therewasacryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlesto
suitBritishhabits.
4、解題要點:部分固定搭配中的名詞須用復數(shù)形式。如thansto"多虧了,
由于"
Thanktoherhelp,Imadegreatprogressinmystudy.
二、不可數(shù)名詞或者應用單數(shù)名詞,卻使用了復數(shù)形式
解題要點:常見的不可數(shù)名詞"十大金剛"是:news,information,work(工
作),止匕夕卜:(零
advice,progress,weather,fun,luck,music,health0change
錢),baggage,luggage(行李),equipment,furnitureJewellery等。
Heagreedtoreadingmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikeareal
writer.
解題要點:一些固定搭配,只用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,不用復數(shù)。如haveno
idea(of)(不清楚),findone'sway等。
Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.
Third,sinceIwasfamiliarwithBeijing,Icanhelpvisitorsfindtheirwaysinthecity.
解題要點:可數(shù)名詞前已有冠詞a/an,其后又采用復數(shù)形式,相互矛盾。
Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutofftheuseofenergyinourcountry.
四、抽象名詞采取了形容詞或者動詞形式
解題要點:在冠詞后須用名詞,兩個并列成分,其中一個是名詞,提示另一個也
須用名詞。此時不能誤用形容詞或動詞形式。
Also,thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience(服從).
Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.
Otherwayistowatchoureverydayuseofwaterandelectricathome.
第二部分代詞錯誤
一、關系代詞誤用
(一)表示地點、時間、原因的引導詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語,而不
是狀語時,就不能用where,when,why等關系副詞,而應用關系代詞which或that,
且在非限定性從句中只能用whicho
IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.
(二)在非限定性定語從句中,表示事物的引導詞只能用which,不能用that。
Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmight
notbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.
二、反身代詞與賓格代詞的誤用
(三)當主語和動詞(包括非謂語動詞)賓語或者介詞賓語為同一人時,要用反
身代詞~self。反身代詞與其所指的名詞或者代詞,在人稱、性別和單復數(shù)上要保
持一致。當主語和動詞賓語或者介詞賓語不是同一人的,只能用賓格代詞。
I對應myself;We對應ourself
You(你)對應yourself;you(你們)對應yourselves
he對應himself;she對應herself;it對應itself;they對應themselves
注意:第三人稱的主語不一定是代詞,可以是一切指人或物的名詞。
主語和動詞賓語或者介詞賓語為同一人,須用反身代詞
SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmein
simpleEnglish.
Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,"WhatcanIdo?Weareguestsafterall.”
主語和動詞賓語或者介詞賓語不是同一人的,只能用賓格代詞
Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewas
strongandpowerful.
IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofartheraway,andthat
mymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.
三、指代錯誤(邏輯錯誤)
(四)人身代詞的人稱誤用。在主從句中,或者相鄰的兩個句子中,可以明顯地
看出人稱方面的混用。將第一人稱誤用為第三人稱;第三人稱又誤用成了第一人
稱。
Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.
Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwere
veryexcited.
Finally,Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureorshowthem
[heirgreatachievements.
Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidingusforthe
wonderfulmeals.
Whiletheothersarejumpingaboutintheair,Icanrunundermylegsandgettheball.
Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon'thaveenoughwater.
(五)人身代詞的性別誤用。人稱和單復數(shù)未錯,但性別錯誤。
Beforeherleavingoff,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.
(六)人身代詞的單復數(shù)誤用。性別和人稱未錯,但單復數(shù)錯誤。
Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.
NangisaspeciallykindofcakeinXinjiang.Ilikethemverymuch.
四、不定代詞誤用
(一)根據(jù)上下文,應該用表示所有人的不定代詞,而不能用表示部分人的不定
代詞。
Iamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguingandtherewas
nowayofsettlethematterexceptbysellingtheTVset.Nowsomeoneathomereads
instead.
(二)anything指“任何事情”,強調部分,含有任意一件事情之意。多用于否
定、疑問和條件句中。Everything指“所有事情”,強調全部,含有全部事情之意。
notanything=nothing;而noteverything并非/不是所有的東西/事情
anything和everything的區(qū)別就在于:anything不是指所有的,而everything是
所有的!
ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslate
anythingintoEnglish.
(三)other不能單獨出現(xiàn)。前面必須有定冠詞the.多個中最后的一個用“the
other";多個中的泛指的另一個,要用another.
What'smore,wecangotoworkbybikeonceandtwiceaweek,andwecanalsobuy
smallercarsthatburnlessoil.Otherwayistowatchoureverydayuseofwaterand
electricathome.
五、賓格代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用
ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingto
Beijing.
(賓格代詞me應改為名詞性物主代詞mine,mine=myfriends)
六、代詞多余
Ihaveeitherbrothersnorsisters,inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.
(inotherwords“換句話說”,是固定搭配)
七、代詞遺漏
(-)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,要么有冠詞,要么有代詞。根據(jù)上下文,若特指的名詞
歸屬很明確,應該用代詞,而不用定冠詞the.
Thedaybeforethespeechcontest(比賽)AEnglishteachertalkedtome.
I'mwritingtotellyouAopinionaboutwatersaving.
(二)及時動詞后面必須跟賓語。若賓語為重復前面已經(jīng)提到的特指的同一事物,
要用it指代。(one/ones代替同一類而非同一事物;that特指同一類的其他事物,
相當于theone)
OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedAtomyteacher.
八、代詞與不定冠詞的誤用
Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.
(keepadiary是固定搭配,“寫日記";keepmydiary”保留我的日記”)
第三部動詞錯誤
一、謂語動詞時態(tài)錯誤
(-)應該用過去時,卻誤用了現(xiàn)在時或將來時(19次)
尋找錯誤線索:1、聯(lián)系上下文,前后均用過去時;2、賓語從句的主句謂語動
詞已用過去時;3、其他兩個或者兩個以上并列成份用過去時;4、表示過去的
時間狀語;5、隱含條件的邏輯推斷
1、聯(lián)系上下文,前后均用過去時
(NMET1999)Iamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottime
arguingandtherewasnowayofsettlethematterexceptbysellingtheTVset.
(NMET2000)Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.Irememberedherwordsand
calmdown.
(2002年n)OnthewayIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.
Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcamedown.
(2003年n)OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher,shelikeditvery
muchandreadsittotheclass
(2006年III)AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetween
FranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.Highoverthewater,theydiscoverahole
intheballoon.
(2009年H)Imeantogiveitbacktoyoubeforefourintheafternoon,andIwas_
holduponmywayback.JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtosee
anaccident.
(2010年I)AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.Myteachershavebeen
tellingmehowgreatmywritingwas.
(2013年新課標1)Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.
(2011年I)Iholdmylunch-boxinmyhandwhenIwasgoingtoschool.Thesmell
fromitwasverygood.
(2013年新課標11)Thiscustomsoonbecomesanothermealofday.Interesting,it
hadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.
(2013年I)MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisit
Beijinglastmonth.
2、賓語從句的主句謂語動詞已用過去時
(2010年H)Shesaiditwasthebestgiftshehaseverhad.
(2013年H)IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofarther
away,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.
3、其他兩個或者兩個以上并列成份用過去時
(2002年II)Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtold
stories.
4、表示過去的時間狀語
(2006年II)WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelago.
(2008年I)Iwinanationalprizeforpaintinglastweek.
(2010年H)Atthattime,weoftenspendtimetogether.
(2011年H)However,myfatherhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflyback
lastSaturdayafternoon.
5、其他隱含條件
(NMET1997)Hello.IlearnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacher,MissFang.(改為
learned或learnt)
(2005年HI)Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.
(-)應該用現(xiàn)在時,卻誤用了過去時
尋找錯誤線索:1、聯(lián)系上下文,前后均用現(xiàn)在時
(NMET1998)Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourschoolfootball
team.WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV
together.
(2000春季)IMlikeverymuchcomebuthadanexaminationonMondaymorning.
ItisaveryimportantexambutIcan'taffordtofailit.
(2001年H)Myparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmake
surethatIgetagoodeducation.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily;they
wantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI'llgetgoodmarksinallmy
subject.
(2004年H)Idon'tknowthattheydon'tliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalked
toeachotherverywellinclass,butafterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.
(2007年H)ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsPmdoingat
school,butthebellwasringing,soIjusthavetostophere.
(2008年H)Third,sinceIwasfamiliarwithBeijing,Icanhelpvisitorsfindtheir
waysinthecity.
(2012年H)Waterisimportant.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwater
andneitheragricultureorindustrycangowithoutit.Yetitseemedwaterisbecoming
lessandless.
(三)謂語動詞與主語的單復數(shù)不一致
(NMET2000)Nowmypictureandtheprizejshanginginthelibrary.
(2009年H)WhenIgotback,itwerealready6pm.
(2010年I)Whatwerebetter,Ihadusefulhelp.
(注意:whatismore/better/worse為插入語,與基本句之間無須連詞。)
(2013年I)WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectioninthe
room.
(四)情態(tài)動詞后要用動詞原形
(2012年H)Next,nodrinkingwatershouldleftrunning.
二、非謂語動詞形態(tài)錯誤
(五)應該用過去分詞,卻誤用了現(xiàn)在分詞、動詞原形、過去式
尋找錯誤線索:1、分詞短語作定語,與被修飾的名詞是動賓關系,用過去分詞
(2012年H)Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,
especiallybathwaterforwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.
(2013年I)IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.
尋找錯誤線索:2、分詞形容詞化后,作表語。主語是人,要用過去分詞;主語
是物、事,用現(xiàn)在分詞。此類詞有:
interesting/interested,exciting/excitedr
tiring/tired(厭煩),pleasing/pleased等。
(NMET1997)Iusetoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime,butnowIam
interestinginfootball.(改為used;改為interested)
(2008年I)MyfatherwassopleasingthathesuggestedIgotoEnglandfora
holiday.
尋找錯誤線索:3、被動語態(tài)由be動詞+過去分詞構成,但不規(guī)則動詞的過去
分詞易誤寫動詞原形或者過去式。
(2008年H)IfIhavethehonortobechosetoworkforthe29thOlympicGames,I
willatfirstimprovemyEnglishsothatIcantalkeasilyaboutforeignvisitors.
(2013年新課標11)TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithout
handles.
(六)應該用現(xiàn)在分詞,卻用了謂語動詞、動詞原形或者過去分詞
尋找錯誤線索:當句子中有多個謂語動詞,但沒有關系詞構成主從關系或者并列
關系時,要考慮其中的一個用非謂語動詞形態(tài),特別是用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。
(2006年III)Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquickandtheballoonwas
comingup
(2013年H)Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.
尋找錯誤線索:〃with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞不定式/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/介
詞短語”的獨立主格結構作狀語。但原形動詞不可以構成獨立主格結構。
(2007年II)Itwillbelotsoffunforpracticingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoon
withthetreearoundusallredandyellowandeverybodylaughingandshout.
(七)應該用動名詞,卻誤用了動詞原型
1、動名詞作主語:
尋找錯誤線索:當句子中有多個謂語動詞,但沒有關系詞構成主從關系或者并列
關系時,要考慮其中的一個用非謂語動詞形態(tài),用作主語的往往是動名詞(動名
詞作主語,表示抽象、一般、已完成或不強調時間先后的動作,不定式作主語表
示具體、將來的動作工
(NMET1998)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowtallandstrongbutalsogiveus
asenseoffairplayandteamspirit.
(NMET1999)Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday'sworkandwatchTVdemands
verylittleeffort.
(2013年新課標11)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunch
anddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.
2、動名詞作介詞賓語或者動詞賓語
尋找錯誤線索:?介詞后面(except/but/otherthan"除了"為例外)只能接
動名詞作介詞賓語。
?有些動詞(如完成、承認、提及、放棄等本身就是涉及已完成動作的動詞)只
能接動名詞作賓語。常用動名詞作賓語的動詞記憶口訣:"考慮建議盼原諒,
承認推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練,否認完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險,不禁介
意準逃亡?!?/p>
consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,
delay/putoff,fancy(想象,設想);Avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice;
deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;
can'thelp(禁不?。?,mind,allow/permit,escape
此外r(無法忍受)(想要),(堅持)
rcantstandzgiveup,feelIikeinsiston
等也要用動名詞作賓語。
(NMET1997)Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(改為hearing)
(2010年H)Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.
(2008年I)Ihaveoftendreamedoftalkfacetofacewithyou.
(NMET1999)Iamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottime
arguingandtherewasnowayofsettlethematterexceptbysellingtheTVset.
(2000春季)rilspendallthewholeweekend(in)readingandprepareforit.
(注意:spend+表示時間段的名詞短語+動名詞是固定搭配,動名詞前實際省略
了介詞in)
(2003年II)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningto
expressmeinsimpleEnglish.
(八)應該用不定式,卻誤用了動詞原型或一ing分詞
尋找錯誤線索:有些動詞(如打算、計劃、祝愿等本身就是影響將來的動詞)只
能接不定式作賓語。常用不定式作賓語的動詞記憶口訣:"決心學會想希望,拒
絕設法愿假裝。主動答應選計劃,同意請求幫一幫。"
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,
care(想,愿意),pretend;offer(主動表示愿意做提議>promise,choose,
止匕外,(努力,力求),
plan;agree,ask/beg,help0afford,strivehappen,
wait等也要用不定式作賓語。would/should+like/love/prefer后接不定式作
賓語。
(2000春季)I'dlikeverymuchcomebuthadanexaminationonMondaymorning.
(2003年H)WhenIfirstlearnedwriteinEnglish,Iranintomanydifficulties.
(2008年I)rdliketostayingthereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterestor
practicingmyEnglishaswell.
(2010年I)Heagreedtoreadingmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowrite
likearealwriter.
(2011年H)Mybrotherwassomuchfondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmy
parentstostayinganothercoupleofday.
(2008年H)Inshort,IwilldomybesttohelpmakingtheGamesasuccess.
(2009年H)SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.
(注意:動詞不定式作help的賓語或賓語補足語,不定式符號to可以省略。)
尋找錯誤線索:動詞不定式作主語補足語,不定式符號不能省略。此類結構如下:
Sb.+be+said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought/surp
rised/+todo.
(2006年III)ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprisedsee
thiswhentheballoonlandedinfrontofthem.
尋找錯誤線索:be/getusedto+doing習慣于,其中的to是介詞,故其后接
動名詞;usedto+動詞原形,其中的to是不定式符號,故其后接動詞原形。
(2013年新課標1)Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.
第四部分形容詞和副詞錯誤
一、副詞使用方面的錯誤
(一)在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞或者全句的詞,應為副詞,而不能用形容詞。
Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.
Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospital
foratleasttwoweek.
Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquickandtheballoonwascomingup.
Second,IwilllearnmoreabouthistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe2008Olympic
Games.
(-)關系副詞的誤用
Whatthingsareinotherhomes,Iwonder.
Besides,Ihavefewfriends.Idon*tknowthattheydon'tliketotalkwithme.
(三)聯(lián)系上下文,表示方位的副詞出現(xiàn)邏輯錯誤,方向弄反了
Highoverthewater,theydiscoveraholeintheballoon.Theholebecamebiggerand
bigger.Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquickandtheballoonwascoming
up.
SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.Istavedhereforoneandahalfhour
andmadesurethatthegirlwasallright.
(四)形近或者義近副詞的誤用
Ihopeyou'vehadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChinaagainsometimesin
thefuture.
Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.
Tobeginwith,allofuscanstartreducingtotheuseofoilbydrivingonlywhenwe
havearealneed.Thatwon'teasy,Iknow,butwehavetostartanywhere.
However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.
Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.
Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.(well/clearly)
(五)副詞的多余或者遺漏
Beforeherleavingoff,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.
Forexample,howmanytimeshaveyouwalkedoutofaroomandleavethelightsor
televisionAwhennooneelsewasthere?(on)
二、形容詞使用方面的錯誤
(-)在名詞前,只能用形容詞,而不能用副詞修飾名詞。
NangisaspeciallykindofcakeinXinjiang.
Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.
IhadnotinterestinEnglish.
(二)表示人物具有某種品質、性格、特征,只能用形容詞,而不能用副詞。(只
有表示方位的副詞可以作表語。如lamhere.)
Mypronunciationwasterribly.
Pmlittleofcourse,butterriblyquickandbravely.(little是small的非正式說法)
Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandauietly.(把...描述成....)
(三)聯(lián)系上下文,應該用形容詞比較級,卻誤用了形容詞的原形;應該用最高
級,卻誤用了比較級。
Thetwomenthrewalltheirequipmentintothewatertomaketheballoonlight.
ThesearethehappiergirlsFveeverseenandFmthehappiestofall!
(四)義近形容詞的誤用
Ifyou'dliketomakeatriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyour
guide.
morethan的4種用法:
1.“Morethan+名詞”表示“不僅僅是"Weneedmorethanmaterialwealthtobuild
ourcountry.建設我們國家,不僅僅需要物質財富.
2.“Morethan+數(shù)詞”含“以上”或“不止”之意,如:IhaveknownDavidformore
than20years.
3.“Morethan+形容詞”等于“彳艮”或“非常”的意思,如:IassureyouIammore
thangladtohelpyou.
4.morethan+(that)從句,其基本意義是“超過Hover)”,但可譯成“簡直不”
“遠非”.難以,完全不能(其后通常連用情態(tài)動詞can)如:Thatismorethan
Icanunderstand.那非我所能懂的.
(五)形容詞的遺漏
Beforemyclassmates,itseemsalwaysdifficultformetodothingsAwellasthem.
第五部分冠詞錯誤
一、冠詞殘缺
(一)缺少不定冠詞a/an
單數(shù)可數(shù)泛指某一不確定的人或事物,應加不定冠詞a/an。單數(shù)名詞有形容
詞修飾的,冠詞放在形容詞前面,而非名詞前面。冠詞后的名詞或者形容詞首音
為輔音的,加a;單詞首音為元音的,加an。
注意:有些單詞首字母是元音字母,但首音并不發(fā)元音的,其前的不定冠詞
要用a。如:university,useful,usual,Europe(首音均發(fā)半元音川),one(首音為[w])
有些單詞首字母是輔音字母,但首音卻發(fā)元音的,其前的不定冠詞an。如:
hour,honest,honorable,unusual
1、冠詞后的名詞前有形容詞的情形(此種情形由于被分割,很容易忽略,
考得也最多):
(201301)ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhois
goingtoBeijing.
(201002)@Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedlongtime.
(200702)ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsI*mdoingatschool,
butthebellwasringing,soIjusthavetostophere.
(200503)②Ihopeyou'vehadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChinaagain
sometimesinthefuture.
(200202)Aseveryoneknows.it'sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsand
animal.
(2000春)②riltakethischancewishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.
2、冠詞后的名詞前無形容詞的情形:
(201102)Ifyou'dliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappy
tobeyourguide.
(200402)Pmsuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasfool.
(201001)②TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse,whowasa
verymuchfamouswriter.
3、注意固定詞組中的冠詞不能缺少。
(2014N1)Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.
(-)缺少定冠詞the
特指某一個人或者事物,特指某一些人或事物(即說話者和聽話者都知道的
人或者事物),名詞前須用定冠詞the加以限定。考試題中的特指線索:一是前
文已提到過的人或者事物,二是已有專有名詞修飾。
但若名詞前已有等限定詞或者修飾語時,則不能再加定冠詞了。
特指某一個人或者事物:
(201302)Asaresult,nobodyknewtruth.
(2013N2)Thiscustomsoonbecomesanothermealofday-
(200902)JustbeforeIturnedcomerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.
(200802)Second,IwilllearnmoreabouthistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe
2008OlympicGames.
(1998)②Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.
特指某一些人或者事物:
(201101)OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatof
luncheswebroughtfromourhomes.
二、冠詞多余
在一些固定短語或者詞組中,有些名詞即使是可數(shù)名詞,其前面也沒有不定冠詞。
這可能是由于習慣使然。
(NMET2000)①Suddenly,Icaught_a_sightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.
(2013年NI)Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameoverto
playordohomeworkwitho
三、不定冠詞和定冠詞之間的誤用
在短文中首次的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,泛指一個事物時,須用不定冠詞a。
AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEngland
intheballoonin1784.
前文已提到過的人或者事物,須有定冠詞the加以限定。
Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydon'thaveenoughwater.Todealwitha
problem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesbecausetreeswillhelpsave
water.
已有same修飾的名詞,須有定冠詞the加以限定。
Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuch
timetotalkabouttogether.
四、冠詞和代詞、數(shù)詞之間的誤用
Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.(keepadiary是一個固定詞組,”記日
記”;而keepmydiary意思是“保留我的日記”)
Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferredanother.(one.......another
也是固定搭配,二者往往成對出現(xiàn)。)
第六部分介詞錯誤
一、介詞多余
(一)在及物動詞后面誤加了介詞。及物動詞就是可以直接跟賓語的動詞,在賓
語之前無須再加介詞。
ThebookFmreadingoftalksaboutafternoonteainBritain.
Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.
Ihavejustgotsomegoodmewstotelltoyou.
Tobeginwith,allofuscanstartreducingtotheuseofoilbydrivingonlywhenwe
havearealneed.
I'msorrythatIwasn'tabletoreturntoyourbikeontimeyesterday.
(-)不及物動詞后面若無需要介詞引出的賓語,就無須加介詞。
ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprisedseethiswhenthe
balloonlandedinfrontofthem.
Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuch
timetotalkabouttogether.
(三)有些及物動詞可以接雙賓語,在表示物的直接賓語前無須加介詞。
CanyoutellmeaboutwhatIshoulddo?
(四)表語從句的結構為“主語+be+that+從句”,that前面無須加任何介詞。
ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslate
anythingintoEnglish.
(五)It作形式主語,實際主語為動名詞,動名詞前不能加介詞。
Itwillbelotsoffunforpracticingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoonwiththetree
aroundusallredandyellowandeverybodylaughingandshout.
(六)表示時間的名詞作時間狀語的引導詞,其前面不能加介詞。
IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.
(七)表示“次數(shù)”的短語作狀語,前面不能加介詞for。(但表示第幾次的短語,
前面須加介詞for,如forthe/first/second/lasttime)
WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV
together.
(八)介詞短語作狀語,不宜放在助動詞和實義動詞之間。
IwillatfirstimprovemyEnglishsothatIcantalkeasilyaboutforeignvisitors.
(九)定語從句的引導詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語時,其前面不能加介詞。
Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybathwater
forwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.
二、介詞誤用
(一)有些動詞短語中的介詞是固定的,介詞不能誤用。
I'msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasfool.
IthinkoverheralotandImissthefoodandthegoodtimewehadtogether.
Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutofftheuseofenergyinourcountry.
(二)有些動詞與一些介詞構成固定搭配,介詞不能誤用。如thank(sb.)forsth.
因為某事感謝(某人);talk(aboutsth.)with/tosb.與某人談論(某事);share.......
withsb.與某人分享,providesb.withsth.給某人提供某物,comeintosw.進入某
個地方(in表示靜態(tài)處于某個地方,表示動態(tài)進入某個地方),等等
ThanksverymuchoninvitingmetoyourbirthdaypartyonSunday.
Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.
IwillatfirstimprovemyEnglishsothatIcantalkeasilyaboutforeignvisitors.
IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.
Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidingusforthe
wonderfulmeals.
Icameinthelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbut
turnonthelight.
(三)一些介詞短語出現(xiàn)在某些固定的句子中。如fromto從某種地方
(情形)到某種地方(情形);the-est+ofall在所有人或物中是最....的;
connectionwith與什么的聯(lián)系;
newcomerfromsw.來自什么地方的新人
Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayover
theyears.
ThesearethehappiesrgirlsPveeverseenandPmthehappiestinall!
Interesting,ithadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.
Pmanewcomerhereofasmalltown.
(四)注意一些介詞和名詞的搭配。有些與漢語的表達習慣不同,如漢語的“在
展覽上”,英語是insm.showo
Unfortunately,therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.
Itwasachanceofalifetimetowinthefirstprizeon由eStoryWritingShow.
WhenIwasinthestagethenextday,IfeltsonervousthatIshooklikealeaf.
Iimagineyou'llbeatvacationyourselfbythattime.
三、缺少介詞
通常是一些動詞與介詞的固定搭配,或者其他短語,故意缺少一個介詞。
IgoAHongqiMiddleSchool,(gotosw.)
WemustkeepAmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadAourselves.(keepinmind;
insteadof)
IamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalotAtimearguingandthere
wasnowayofsettlethematterexceptbysellingtheTVset.(alotof)
Fromthenon,we'vekept八touchwitheachotherthroughe-mails,(keepintouch
with)
第七部分連詞錯誤
一、聯(lián)系上下文,使用的并列連詞不符合邏輯
(一)兩個并列的成分(單詞、短語或句子),如果是一種平行關系,表示動作
同時發(fā)生或者依次發(fā)生,應用and連接(如果有因果關系,也可以so用連接),而
不能用表示轉折的but連接。也不能用表示選擇關系的or連接。
Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.
Icameinthelivingroomandsawoneofthem
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