第十節(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

()1.Formorethanonce，ourheadteacherasksus_____thehabitofkeepingadiary.(2017·廣東省)A.developB.developsC.developingD.todevelop()2.LeonardoDiCaprio，afamousAmericanactor，wasalwaysexpecting_____anOscarandfinallyhemadeit.(2016·廣東省)A.towinB.willwinC.nottowinD.notwinning()3.Weadviseparents_____theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.(2015·廣東省)A.notleaveB.nottoleaveC.leaveD.toleave真題試練DAB

()4.Inorder_____forthemeeting，mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.(2014·廣東省)

A.nottobelateB.notbeinglateC.tobelateD.beinglate()5.—Ididn'thearyoucomeinjustnow.—That'sgood.Wetried_____anynoise，foryouweresleeping.(2013·廣東省)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.tomakeD.makingAB考點(diǎn)解讀

動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。不定式做賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、目的狀語(yǔ)是不定式的主要考點(diǎn)。某些動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)名詞的主要考點(diǎn)。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)5年2考，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)5年2考，動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)5年1考，動(dòng)名詞5年0考。一、動(dòng)詞不定式1.動(dòng)詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定式：todo否定式：nottodo2.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法用法結(jié)構(gòu)例子(1)作主語(yǔ)Todois/was…Toseeistobelieve.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。(2)作表語(yǔ)be+todoMyworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的工作是每天打掃房間。Hisdreamistobeadoctor.他的夢(mèng)想是當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。用法結(jié)構(gòu)例子(3)作定語(yǔ)sth./sb.+todoIhavealotofhomeworktodo.（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做。Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.（主謂關(guān)系）我們需要人幫助做這項(xiàng)工作。Ihavenotimetogothere.（狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系）我沒(méi)有時(shí)間去那兒。若該不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后面要加上介詞，構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)Ineedapieceofpapertowriteon.我需要一張紙來(lái)寫(xiě)字。Pandashavenoplacestolivein.熊貓沒(méi)有地方住。(續(xù)表)用法結(jié)構(gòu)例子(4)作賓語(yǔ)vt.+todo①我想告訴你整個(gè)故事。I__________youthewholestory.②你需要買(mǎi)一雙新鞋。You__________apairofnewshoes.(5)作賓補(bǔ)vt.+sb.+todo①我媽媽常叫我按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。Mymotheroften___________________myhomeworkontime.②她想要她爸爸給她買(mǎi)一輛新的自行車(chē)。She__________________________anewbikeforher.（續(xù)表）wanttotellneedtobuytells/asksmetofinishwants/wantedherfathertobuy用法結(jié)構(gòu)例子(6)作目的狀語(yǔ)todo=inordertodo①他昨天來(lái)給我們作講座。Hecame___________________________yesterday.②為了使每個(gè)人都聽(tīng)清楚,他說(shuō)得很慢。Hespokeslowly___________________________.togiveusatalk/speech/lecture（續(xù)表）tomakeeveryonehearhimclearly3.常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有try,choose,expect,help,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,learn,want,agree,decide,hope,wish,need,wouldlike等。如：Heofferedtotakeustothepark.他主動(dòng)提出帶我們?nèi)ス珗@。注意：help后面的to可以省略。如：Hehelped(to)dosomehousework.他幫忙做了一些家務(wù)。4.常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有ask,tell,teach,want,wish,warn,allow,force,wouldlike,help,encourage,advise,order,invite,persuade等。如：IadvisedhimtoreadmoreEnglishbooksafterclass.我建議他課后多看英文書(shū)。注意：helpsb.todo中的to也可以省略。如：Hehelpedhismother(to)dosomehousework.他幫助他媽媽做了一些家務(wù)。5.疑問(wèn)詞“who/which/what/when/how/where(why除外)+todo”,在句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)。如：Howtoopenthelockisadifficultproblem.（作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）怎樣打開(kāi)這個(gè)鎖是一個(gè)難題。ThemostimportantthingishowtoimprovemyEnglish.（作表語(yǔ)）最重要的事情是如何提高我的英語(yǔ)水平。Idon'tknowwheretoaskforadvice.（作賓語(yǔ)）我不知道去哪里尋求建議。Canyoutellmewhattosayatthemeeting?（作賓補(bǔ)）你能告訴我在會(huì)議上要說(shuō)些什么嗎？

注意：連詞whether后面也可以接不定式。如：Ican'tdecidewhethertogothereornot.我決定不了是否去那兒。6.含有不定式的句型(1)be+adj.+todo如：Thetextisdifficulttounderstand.這篇文章很難理解。(2)be+too+adj.+(forsb.)+todo如：Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.這個(gè)箱子重得我搬不動(dòng)了。(3)be.+adj.+enough+todo如：Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.那個(gè)男孩夠年齡去上學(xué)了。(4)itis/was+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+todo如：ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.對(duì)我們而言,學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。(5)主語(yǔ)+find/think/feel+it+adj.+todo如：Ifinditboringtogoshopping.我發(fā)現(xiàn)去購(gòu)物很無(wú)聊。二、動(dòng)名詞

動(dòng)名詞是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞功能的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。1.動(dòng)名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成，其否定形式直接在動(dòng)名詞前加not。2.動(dòng)名詞的用法：動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì),因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。用法結(jié)構(gòu)例子(1)作主語(yǔ)doing...is/was…Readingisanart.讀書(shū)是一種藝術(shù)。打籃球和聽(tīng)音樂(lè)都很有趣。__________________________________areinteresting.(2)作表語(yǔ)be+doingYourtaskiscleaningthewindows.=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.=Yourtaskistocleanthewindows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。Playingbasketballandlisteningtomusic用法結(jié)構(gòu)例子(3)作定語(yǔ)

/walkingstick手杖washingmachine洗衣機(jī)readingroom閱覽室sleepingboy在睡覺(jué)的男孩(4)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)v.+doing常用的動(dòng)詞有：finish,avoid,enjoy,keep,practice,suggest,mind①為了避免遇到她，我走小路。Iwalkedalongthepathtoavoid_________.②他每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。Hepractices_______________everyday.③你看完這本小說(shuō)了嗎？Haveyoufinished_______________?(續(xù)表)meetingherplayingthepianoreadingthisnovel用法結(jié)構(gòu)例子(5)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)prep.+doing如：thinkabout,lookforwardto,payattentionto,giveone'slifeto①李平正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。LiPing_______________________________forthenextterm.②我們盼望收到你的來(lái)信。We__________________________yourletter.(續(xù)表)isthinkingaboutmakinganewplanarelookingforwardtoreceiving3.含有動(dòng)名詞的句型findsb.doingsth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事keepsb.doingsth.使某人不停地做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事spendtime/moneydoingsth.花時(shí)間/錢(qián)做某事havedifficulty/fundoingsth.做某事有困難/樂(lè)趣易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)突破一、既可以接不定式又可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞1.意思沒(méi)什么區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞：begin,start,hate,like,love如：Itbegantorain.=Itbeganraining.開(kāi)始下雨了。2.接動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的意思有差別的動(dòng)詞：forget,remember,stop。如：（1）forgettodosth.忘記要做某事（還沒(méi)做）forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事（已做）①你離開(kāi)前別忘記關(guān)窗戶。Don't____________thewindowbeforeyouleave.②你忘了在北京機(jī)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)她了嗎？Haveyouforgotten___________atBeijingAirport?forgettoclosemeetingher(2)remembertodosth.；rememberdoingsth.①記得要做某事（還沒(méi)做）_________________②記得做過(guò)某事（已做）__________________(3)stoptodosth.；stopdoingsth.①停下來(lái)去做某事（去做另一件事）__________②停止做某事（不做了）__________(4)goontodosth.繼續(xù)去做某事（繼續(xù)做不同的事）goondoingsth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事（同一動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)）(5)trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事remembertodosth.rememberdoingsth.stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.二、stopdoing和stopsb.(from)doing的用法區(qū)別

stopdoingsth.意為“停止做某事”；stopsb.(from)doingsth.意為“阻止某人做某事”。如：1.老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候,學(xué)生們就停止了講話。Whentheteachercamein,thestudents_____________.2.我們應(yīng)該采取措施阻止人們污染河流。Weshoulddosomethingto_______________________theriver.stoppedtalkingstoppeople(from)polluting三、“Itis+adj.forsb.todosth.”和“Itis+adj.ofsb.todosth”的用法區(qū)別1.當(dāng)不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ),句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“Todosth.is/was+adj.”時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),其構(gòu)成句型為“Itis+adj.(forsb.)todosth.”或者“Itis+adj.（ofsb.）todosth.”。如：(1)你幫我學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)，你真是太好了。It'sniceofyou_____________mymath.(2)對(duì)于我來(lái)講,在數(shù)學(xué)方面取得好成績(jī)很難。

______________________goodmarksinmath.tohelpmewithItisdifficultformetoget2.Itis+adj.for/ofsb.todosth.句型中,用for還是of,取決于其前面的形容詞。如果形容詞是說(shuō)明人的性格、品質(zhì)等,用of；如果形容詞是形容事物的特征，則用for。如：(1)對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),每天打掃教室很有必要。Itisnecessary__________thestudentstocleantheclassroom.(2)他很幸運(yùn)獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。Itisverylucky__________himtowinfirstprize.forof四、不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)省略to的情況1.在使役動(dòng)詞后：let,make等。如：老板讓他們工作了一整晚。Thebossmakesthem_________thewholen