上海市交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked,A,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbeastcompletesthesentence.1.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—_________,and_________.A.Sohehassoyouhave B.SohehassohaveyouC.Sohashesodoyou D.Sohashesoyouhave【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查so+助動(dòng)詞+主語和so+主語+助動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。句意：——大衛(wèi)最近進(jìn)步很大?！堑模倪M(jìn)步很大，你的進(jìn)步也很大。第一空so+主語+助動(dòng)詞用來加強(qiáng)語氣，表示“的確如此”，第二空so+助動(dòng)詞+主語用來說明前面所說的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物，so后的助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞必須與前一句的謂語動(dòng)詞保持一致，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.Youshouldtakecontrolofyourlife_________itisplanningcourseworkorpickingamajor.A.whenever B.whether C.whatever D.nomatter【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：無論是計(jì)劃課程學(xué)習(xí)還是選擇專業(yè)，你都應(yīng)該掌控自己的生活。結(jié)合句意此處whether…or“無論……還是……”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。故選B。3.AlthoughthereismorefemaleparticipationinITworkforce,______asignificantimbalanceofmaleandfemaleseniorpositions.A.itremains B.thereremainsC.thereremaining D.thatremains【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查存在句的其他句型和時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致。句意：雖然有更多的女性參與到IT工作中，但男性和女性高級職位仍然存在嚴(yán)重的不平衡。結(jié)合句意表示“（某處）仍然存在有……”，句型為thereremain…表達(dá)客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，存在句主謂一致遵循就近一致原則，根據(jù)后文的asignificantimbalanceofmale可知，remain用第三人稱單數(shù)。故選B。4.Outofsuffering_________.A.haveemergedthestrongestsouls B.emergedthestrongestsoulshaveC.havethestrongestsoulsemerged D.thestrongestsoulshaveemerged【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查倒裝。句意：只有苦難才能鑄就堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的靈魂。分析句子可知，當(dāng)由介詞短語作狀語前置到句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)或保持句子平衡或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)，要用完全倒裝語序，即將整個(gè)謂語放在主語之前。故選A項(xiàng)。5.Theydidn'tdiscoveruntiltheyhappenedtoenterthebackroom_________someonehadstolenthepricelesspainting.A.that B.what C.which D.when【答案】A【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查賓語從句連接詞。句意：直到他們碰巧進(jìn)入后屋，才發(fā)現(xiàn)有人偷了那幅無價(jià)的畫。分析句子可知，“有人偷了那幅無價(jià)的畫”在句中作動(dòng)詞discover的賓語，所以是賓語從句，從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞，而賓語從句中又不缺少任何成分，所以用連接詞that引導(dǎo)該賓語從句。因?yàn)閠hat在名詞性從句中不做成分，無詞意，而其它幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是要在從句中做一定的句子成分的。故選A。6.Thepurposeoftheresearchprojecthasamoredifferentmeaningforthemthan_________.A.thatforus B.ithasforus C.itdidforus D.itdidforours【答案】B【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查比較狀語從句和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目的目的比起我們來說對于他們有著更不同的意義。根據(jù)句意不難還原出完整的句子應(yīng)該是“Thepurposeoftheresearchprojecthasamoredifferentmeaningforthemthanthemeaningthatthepurposeoftheresearchprojecthasforus”，其中主語Thepurposeoftheresearchproject已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)要用it代替，而后句中同一主語同一謂語后的themeaning也需要省略。故選B項(xiàng)。7.______,hisideaswasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.A.Strangeasmightitsound B.AsitmightsoundstrangeC.Asstrangeitmightsound D.Strangeasitmightsound【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查倒裝和讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管聽起來奇怪，但是他的想法被所有參加會議的人接受了。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，要用倒裝。規(guī)則為：將作表語的形容詞或名詞，作狀語的副詞提前或者將動(dòng)詞或分詞提前。其余部分語序不變。在該題中，strange是表語，所以要提前，置于句首，故D選項(xiàng)正確。8.—DidBobtakethejobinthesupermarket?—No,butIthinkhe_________.A.willhave B.mayhave C.shouldhave D.musthave【答案】C【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone。句意：——Bob去干超市的工作了嗎？——沒有，但我覺得他應(yīng)該去。分析句意可知，從回答者but的語氣中不難推斷，想表達(dá)的是Bob本應(yīng)該去超市工作但事實(shí)上他沒有去，要用shouldhavedone表示“過去應(yīng)該做而未做”。故選C項(xiàng)。9.TheQingmingFestival,nowanationalholiday,allowsmorepeopletopaytheirrespectstodeadrelativesonwouldotherwisebeaworkdaylikeFriday.A.where B.thatC.when D.what【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意:清明節(jié)，現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)國家節(jié)日，允許更多的人在周五這樣的工作日向死去的親人表達(dá)敬意。介詞on后跟的是賓語從句。賓語從句缺主語應(yīng)用what。A、C選項(xiàng)是關(guān)系副詞，不能做主語。that在賓語從句中不做句子成分。故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】名詞性從句關(guān)鍵在于三點(diǎn)：一、找準(zhǔn)從句在主句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞旨捶殖鍪敲~性從句的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句還是同位語從句。二、連接詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄖ?、賓、定或狀語或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每個(gè)連接詞的意義。此外還要注意，近年來高考對于名詞性從句的考查多從名詞性從句的語序和連接詞的用法區(qū)別上考查。10._________inthenorthwestofChina,Xi'anisseenasthebirthplaceofthecountry'scivilization.A.Locating B.Beinglocated C.Tolocate D.Located【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：坐落于中國西北，西安被視為華夏文明的發(fā)祥地。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處的動(dòng)詞locate作后句的狀語，locate與主語Xi'an之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系（belocatedin），要用過去分詞形式。故選D項(xiàng)。11._________hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebuses,ashortageofpublicvehiclesremainsaseriousproblem.A.That B.What C.Inspiteofwhat D.Thoughwhat【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查狀語。句意：盡管近期已經(jīng)有了提供更多公交車的舉措，但公共交通工具的短缺仍然是個(gè)大問題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，后句成分完整且前后句用逗號連接，前句只能作狀語，排除A、B選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)用though引導(dǎo)狀語從句，但只有whathasrecentlybeendone這一個(gè)名詞性的成分是不成句子的。只有C選項(xiàng)用短語inspiteof可以構(gòu)成狀語。故選C項(xiàng)。12.Anyonewhowantstocancallanytimepieceaclock,buttechnicallyspeaking,only_________onesringoutthetimeactuallydeservethename.A.whatever B.whenever C.whichever D.wherever【答案】C【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：任何人都可以把任何時(shí)鐘叫做鐘，但是技術(shù)上來說，只有那些報(bào)時(shí)的鐘才配得上這個(gè)名字。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處與其后的onesringoutthetime一起作主語，需要一個(gè)連接詞，其中考慮空白處作定語修飾主語ones，要用whichever表示“無論哪個(gè)”。在意義上大致相當(dāng)于thepersonorthethingthat。故選C項(xiàng)。13.Alongwithenthusiasmforcomposingmusic_________hisdevotiontocultivatingyoungpeople'spassionformusic.A.come B.comes C.coming D.tocome【答案】B【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查倒裝。句意：除了對作曲的熱情，他還致力于培養(yǎng)年輕人對音樂的熱情。當(dāng)由介詞短語作狀語前置到句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)或保持句子平衡或使上下文緊密銜接，要用完全倒裝語序，此時(shí)句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，主語是hisdevotion要視為第三人稱單數(shù)，符合的選項(xiàng)只有B選項(xiàng)。故選B項(xiàng)。14.TheliteraturemasterpieceMacbethbyShakespearewillbebetterunderstoodifreaderslookatthetragedyinthehistorical_________oftheElizabethanandJacobeanperiods,aneraofrelativestability.A.content B.contest C.context D.contact【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：讀者們?nèi)绻P(guān)注伊麗莎白一世和詹姆斯一世那段相對穩(wěn)定的時(shí)代的歷史背景下的悲劇，就能更好地理解莎士比亞的文學(xué)著作《麥克白》。A.content內(nèi)容；B.contest比賽；C.context環(huán)境，上下文；D.contact聯(lián)系。這里聯(lián)系theElizabethanandJacobeanperiods，要用historicalcontext表示“歷史背景”。故選C項(xiàng)。15.Lettingvirtualassistants,suchasAmazon'sAlexa,takecareofyourhomeisa(n)_________fordisastertosome,becauseAI-infusedsystemsmaydemonstrateunpredictablebehaviorsthatcanbedisruptive,confusing,offensive,andevendangerous.A.topic B.shortcut C.cure D.recipe【答案】D【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：讓虛擬助手(比如亞馬遜的Alexa)照顧你的家，對某些人來說無異于一場災(zāi)難，因?yàn)槿斯ぶ悄芟到y(tǒng)可能會表現(xiàn)出不可預(yù)測的行為，這些行為可能具有破壞性、混亂性、攻擊性，甚至是危險(xiǎn)的。A.topic話題；B.shortcut捷徑；C.cure治愈；D.recipe配方。分析句子可知，顯然讓虛擬助手掌握實(shí)權(quán)帶來的是不好的結(jié)果，也就是導(dǎo)致了災(zāi)難的發(fā)生，arecipefordisaster“后患無窮”。故選D項(xiàng)。16.PresidentDonaldTrump'sfirststatedinnerexcludedDemocraticmembersofCongressandthemedia,whichwascriticizedbymanyasa(n)_________fromtradition.A.departure B.benefit C.escape D.lesson【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)的第一次國宴排除了國會民主黨議員和媒體，許多人批評這是對傳統(tǒng)的背離。A.departure背離，違反；B.benefit益處；C.escape逃跑，逃避；D.lesson課，教訓(xùn)。分析句子可知，此處表示的意思是“國宴排除了國會民主黨議員和媒體是對傳統(tǒng)的背離”，故選A。SectionB(A)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Theviewthatthespiritofadventurenolongerhasanyscopeforitsenterpriseseems,atfirstglance,depressinglytrue.Thehighestmountainshavebeenscaled;thedeepestseasplumbed.Mapstodaynolongercontainhugeblanksmarked"UnknownTerritory",nordotheymakerandomguessesattheshapesof___17___land-masses.Allmajorjourneysofexplorationto___18___thetrueshapeandnatureoftheglobehavebeenmadeinthepast.Itwaslefttoustofillinthedetailswith___19___whichoncewouldhavebeenconsideredimpossible.Thegapshavebeen___20___.Whatnext?Theobviousanswer,ofcourse,isthatmanisnowlookingupwardsintospace.Discoveriesarebeingmadeatsuchatremendousratethatevenauthorsofscience-fictionarefindingitdifficulttokeepupwiththemandhavetotaxtheirimaginationtoinventbiggerandbetterspace-craft.Satellitessendingsignalsastheyswingroundourglobehavebecome___21___.Astronautshavesuccessfullylandedonthemoonanditsentiresurfacehasbeenphotographed.Theinformationthatsatellitesmayprovidefuelingstationsformannedrocketsnolongerstrikesusaspreposterous.Ifthirtyyearsago,ascientisthasurgedthatwesendmessagesintoouterspaceinthehopeofreceivingananswer,hewouldhavebeenregardedaseitherirresponsibleormad.Now,anythingseems___22___.Fromdreamslikethese,wereturntoearthwithabump.Tripsintospaceareallverywell,buttheyarenotforus;wemust___23___ourselveswithourown,much-traveledworld.Theearthitselfisthetraining-groundforadventurousspirits,for"adventure"neednotmeantheseekingoutofsomethingnew.Apersoncanbecalledadventurouswhenhefindsoutsomethingforhimself,anditdoesnotmatterhowmanytimesthediscoveryhasbeenmadebefore.NoonewouldsaythatmenwhosetoutnowtocrosstheforbiddingAntarcticarelessenterprisingthantheirpredecessorswhotriedtodothesamething.Thelittleboywhoclimbsthesmallhillthat___24___histown,orevenhewhotriestoclimbsandfails,haspreciselythesamespiritthatledHillarytoclimbEverest.Fortheboldspiritandinquiringmind,thereareinexhaustiblepossibilities.Solongastherearepeoplewillingto___25___placesthatarewell-known,therewillbethosewhowill,oneday,setfootonremoteand____26____shores.【答案】17.D18.C19.E20.G21.A22.F23.B24.I25.J26.K【解析】這是一篇議論文。有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，冒險(xiǎn)精神已不再具有進(jìn)取精神，乍一看，這似乎是令人沮喪的事實(shí)。文章通過論述，駁斥了這種觀點(diǎn)。對于大膽的精神和探究的頭腦，有無盡的可能。太空探索尤其如此?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：今天的地圖不再包含標(biāo)有“未知領(lǐng)土”的巨大空白，也不再隨機(jī)猜測遙遠(yuǎn)大陸的形狀?？仗幮揎椕~land-masses，應(yīng)用形容詞。表示“遙遠(yuǎn)的”，應(yīng)用distant。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：所有確定地球真實(shí)形狀和性質(zhì)的主要旅行都是在過去進(jìn)行的。to___2___thetrueshapeandnatureoftheglobe是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，修飾allmajorjourneysofexploration，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形，表示“確定”，用動(dòng)詞determine。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：于是就由我們來填補(bǔ)探險(xiǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)，而這些探險(xiǎn)在過去被認(rèn)為是不可能的。空處作介詞with的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞。表示“探險(xiǎn)”，用名詞expedition。它是可數(shù)名詞，空前沒有冠詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選E?！?0題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：空白已經(jīng)被填補(bǔ)。結(jié)合前一句中的“Itwaslefttoustofillinthedetails”可知，該句表達(dá)的意思是：空白已經(jīng)被填補(bǔ)。thegaps和fill之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，該句應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：havebeendone。故空處應(yīng)填過去分詞。故選G?！?1題詳解】考查句意：在繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)發(fā)送信號的衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)變得很常見了。空處作become的表語，應(yīng)用形容詞。表示“常見的”，應(yīng)用commonplace。故選A。【22題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，一切似乎都是可行的。該段前半部分提到：如果三十年前，一位科學(xué)家敦促我們向外太空發(fā)送信息以希望得到答案，他會被認(rèn)為是不負(fù)責(zé)任或瘋了。而衛(wèi)星的存在使得這一切變得可行。故該句表達(dá)意思應(yīng)為：現(xiàn)在，一切似乎都是可行的?？仗幾鱯eem的表語，應(yīng)用形容詞。表示“可行的”，應(yīng)用feasible。故選F?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我們必須滿足于我們自己的、經(jīng)常旅行的世界。前一句提到：進(jìn)入太空旅行很好，但它們卻不是為我們準(zhǔn)備的。由此推知，該句想表達(dá)的意思為：我們必須滿足于我們自己的、經(jīng)常旅行的世界。must是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面接動(dòng)詞原形。表示“滿意，滿足”，應(yīng)用content。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：那個(gè)爬上俯瞰他家鄉(xiāng)的小山丘的小男孩，甚至是那個(gè)試圖攀登卻失敗的小男孩，都有著引領(lǐng)希拉里攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的同樣的精神。表示“俯瞰”，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞overlook。that___8___histown是定語從句，修飾thesmallhill，空處在從句中作謂語，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選I?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：只要有人愿意重新發(fā)現(xiàn)那些著名的地方，總有一天，會有人踏上那遙遠(yuǎn)而無跡可循的海岸。bewillingtodo是固定句式，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。表示“重新發(fā)現(xiàn)”，應(yīng)用rediscover。故選J?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：只要有人愿意重新發(fā)現(xiàn)那些著名的地方，總有一天，會有人踏上那遙遠(yuǎn)、無足跡的海岸。空處和remote并列，修飾名詞shores，應(yīng)用形容詞。表達(dá)“沒有足跡的”，應(yīng)用trackless。故選K。(B)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.NASAisonajourneytoMars,withagoalofsendinghumanstotheRedPlanetinthe2030s.Thatjourneyisalreadywellunderway.Fordecades,theagencyanditspartnershavesentorbiters,landersandrovers（探測器）,___27___increasingourknowledgeabouttheRedPlanetandpavingthewayforfuturehumanexplorers.TheCuriosityroverhasgatheredradiationdatatohelpusprotectfutureastronauts,andtheupcomingMars2020roverwillstudythe___28___ofMartianresources,includingoxygen.Buildingontheroboticlegacy（遺產(chǎn)）,thehumanexplorationofMarscrossesthreethresholds（門檻）,eachwith___29___challengesashumansmovefartherfromEarth:EarthReliant,theProvingGround,andEarthIndependent.EarthReliantexplorationsis___30___onresearchaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation.Theorbitingmicrogravitylaboratoryservesasaworld-classtestbedforthetechnologiesandcommunicationssystemsneededforhumanmissionstodeepspace.Astronautsarelearningaboutwhatittakestoliveandworkinspaceforlongperiodsoftimeimprovingourunderstandingofhowthebodychangesinspaceandhowtoprotectastronauts'health.Next,wemoveintotheProvingGround,___31___aseriesofmissionsnearthemooncalled“cislunarspace”totestthecapabilitieswewillneedtoliveandworkatMars.AstronautsonthespacestationareonlyhoursawayfromEarth,buttheprovinggroundisdaysaway,a(n)___32___steppingstonetoaMarsmission,whichwillbemonthsawayfromhome.Alsointhe2020s,we’llsendastronautsonayear-longmissionintothisdeepspaceprovingground,confirminghabitationandtestingour___33___forMars.Finally,webecomeEarthIndependent,buildingontheknowledge___34___onthespacestationandindeepspacetosendhumanstolow-Marsorbitintheearly2030s.Thisphasewillalsotesttheentry,descent（降落）andlandingtechniquesneededtogettotheMartinsurfaceandstudywhat'sneededforin-situresourceutilizationor"livingofftheland".NASAisalreadystudyingthe___35___"ExplorationZones"onMarsthatwouldoffercompellingscienceresearchandprovideresourcesourastronautscanuse.Therearechallengesto____36____Mars,butweknowtheyaresolvable.Wearewellonourwaytogettingthere,landingthere,andlivingthere.【答案】27.D28.B29.F30.E31.C32.J33.K34.A35.H36.I【解析】這是一篇說明文。美國國家航空航天局(NASA)正在進(jìn)行火星之旅，目標(biāo)是在本世紀(jì)30年代將人類送上火星。這一旅程已經(jīng)開始了。文章主要介紹了人類對火星的探索需要跨越的一些挑戰(zhàn)：依賴地球、試驗(yàn)場和獨(dú)立于地球?！?7題詳解】考查副詞。句意：幾十年來，該機(jī)構(gòu)及其合作伙伴發(fā)射了軌道飛行器、著陸器和探測車，極大地增加了我們對這顆紅色星球的了解，并為未來人類探索鋪平了道路。該空修飾動(dòng)詞increase，應(yīng)用副詞。表示“顯著地，急劇地，極大地”，應(yīng)用dramatically。故選D。【28題詳解】考查名詞。句意：好奇號漫游者已經(jīng)收集了輻射數(shù)據(jù)，以幫助我們保護(hù)未來的宇航員，而即將到來的火星2020漫游者將研究火星資源的可用性。該空作study的賓語，且空前有定冠詞the，應(yīng)用名詞。表示“可用性”，應(yīng)用availability。故選B。【29題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在機(jī)器人的基礎(chǔ)上，人類對火星的探索跨越了三個(gè)門檻，隨著人類離地球越來越遠(yuǎn)，每個(gè)門檻都面臨著逐漸增長的挑戰(zhàn)：依賴地球、試驗(yàn)場和獨(dú)立于地球?？仗幮揎椕~challenges，應(yīng)用形容詞。表示“增加的，增長的”，應(yīng)用形容詞growing，故選F?！?0題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：“地球依賴探索”專注于國際空間站上的研究。表示“專注于……；以……為中心”，應(yīng)用befocusedon。故選E?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：接下來，我們進(jìn)入試驗(yàn)場，在月球附近實(shí)施一系列名為“地月空間”的任務(wù)，以測試我們在火星生活和工作所需的能力。表示“進(jìn)行，實(shí)施……任務(wù)“，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞conduct，“___5___aseriesofmissionsnearthemooncalled“cislunarspace””作伴隨狀語，主語we和conduct之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：空間站上的宇航員離地球只有幾小時(shí)的路程，但試驗(yàn)場要幾天的時(shí)間，這可能是前往火星任務(wù)的墊腳石。該空修飾名詞steppingstone，應(yīng)用形容詞。表示“可能的”，應(yīng)用potential。故選J?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：同樣在21世紀(jì)20年代，我們將派遣宇航員到這個(gè)深空試驗(yàn)場執(zhí)行為期一年的任務(wù)，確認(rèn)居住地點(diǎn)并測試我們對火星所做的準(zhǔn)備工作。our___7___作test的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞。表示“準(zhǔn)備”，應(yīng)用readiness。故選K?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：最后，我們成為獨(dú)立的地球人，以在空間站和深空獲得的知識為基礎(chǔ)，在本世紀(jì)30年代早期把人類送到火星低軌道。表示“獲得”，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞acquire。___8___onthespacestationandindeepspace作定語，修飾theknowledge。theknowledge和acquire之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故選A。【35題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：美國宇航局已經(jīng)在研究火星上的自然“探索區(qū)”，這將提供引人注目的科學(xué)研究和我們的宇航員可以使用的資源?？仗幮揎椕~ExplorationZones，應(yīng)用形容詞。表示“自然的”，應(yīng)用natural。故選H?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：開拓火星有挑戰(zhàn)，但我們知道它們是可以解決的。表示“開拓”，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞pioneer。表示“針對……的挑戰(zhàn)”，用the/achallengetosth.。to是介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故選I。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.GreenCollarSectionWhatisecotourism?AccordingtotheInternationalEcotourismSociety,ecotourismcanbedefinedasresponsibletraveltonaturalareasthatconservestheenvironmentand___37___thewell-beingoflocalpeople.Thatistosay,mostecotourismexperiencesare___38___athelpingpeopletofosteranappreciationoftheenvironment,theconservationofwildlife,plantsandresources,andrespectandunderstandingofnative___39___.Ecotourismissociallyimportantbecauseitprovidesawayforpeopletotravelresponsibly,andtolearnaboutandrespecttheenvironmentofthesenaturalplaces.Ideally,ecotourismprofessionalsorganizeand___40___anexperiencethatdemonstrateslocalenvironmentalsustainabilityandculturalsensitivityfortravelers.Attheuniversitylevel,ecotourismprogramsareusuallyfoundinenvironmentalscienceandrecreationmanagementdepartments.Studentslearnbasicknowledgeaboutdifferent___41___oftourism(suchasaccommodation,transportation,business,organization,andhospitality)aswellasconservationalissues(suchas___42___protectionforwildlifeandrational___43___ofresources).Andinmoreadvancedprograms,studentswillfocusonnature-basededucation,suchasandecologicalissues.___44___,itisalsohelpful,andsometimes___45___,tobefluentinaforeignlanguage,orstudentswillnotbeabletoholdaglobalinsight.Aftergraduation,itisalso____46____forstudentstoreceivefurthercareertrainingprograms,suchasGroupDynamicsforEcotourism,GreenEventPlanning,NaturalResourceAssessmentandPlanning,InterculturalCommunications,Wilderness&RemoteFirstAid,etc,inordertobecomebetteradaptabletotheupdatingjobrequirement.Asthethreattoourplanet____47____inmanycommunities,theirinhabitantsarebecomingmoreinterestedinthenaturalworldaroundthemandinwaystoconservetheenvironment.Ecotourismisgrowingatthreetimesthe____48____ofthetourismsectoritself,anddemandingmoreknowledgeableworkers____49____tosustainability.Jobsinecotourismcanbehighlyriskyandadventurous,butalsolimitedbyseason.Greentravelemployesgenerallyworkforprivatecompanies,governmentandpubicinstitutions,andnonprofits.Salariesinecotourism____50____fromfieldtofield,butithelpstohaveadegreeandsomeexperience.Groupleadersandtravelguidesareresponsibleforguidingtoursthroughtheecosystemsofvariousdestinations____51____pointingoutthebenefitsofgreentravelandagreenlifestyle.Leadersandguidescomefromawiderangeofbackgrounds.Manywillhaveexperienceinthetourismindustry,whilesomewillbescientistslookingforpositionsineducation.37.A.dominates B.cultivates C.ruins D.sustains38.A.bound B.aimed C.intended D.destined39.A.peoples B.languages C.bonds D.habitats40.A.alter B.taste C.execute D.undergo41.A.properties B.advantages C.opinions D.respects42.A.deserve B.reserve C.preserve D.conserve43.A.exhaustion B.fulfillment C.advantage D.exploitation44.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Likewise D.Afterall45.A.controlled B.requested C.selective D.compulsory46.A.applicable B.obliged C.critical D.subtle47.A.turnsdown B.turnsup C.turnsoff D.turnson48.A.rate B.width C.scale D.extension49.A.devoting B.contributed C.adapting D.committed50.A.count B.different C.range D.vary51.A.while B.because C.evenif D.if【答案】37.D38.B39.A40.C41.D42.D43.D44.A45.D46.C47.B48.C49.C50.C51.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了生態(tài)旅游的意義、人才培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展方向?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：生態(tài)旅游可以定義為對自然地區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)任的旅行，保護(hù)環(huán)境和維持當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦母ｌ?。A.dominates支配；B.cultivates培育；C.ruins毀滅；D.sustains保持。根據(jù)空后的“thewell-beingoflocalpeople”可知，生態(tài)旅游維持當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦母ｌ?，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：也就是說，大多數(shù)生態(tài)旅游的目的是幫助游客欣賞（認(rèn)識）當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境，保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物和資源，尊重和理解當(dāng)?shù)厝?。A.bound約束；B.aimed目的在于；C.intended打算；D.destined注定?？蘸蟮摹癮thelpingpeopletofosteranappreciationoftheenvironment,theconservationofwildlife,plantsandresources,andrespectandunderstandingofnative___3___.”是生態(tài)旅游的目的，beaimedat表示“旨在、目的在于”，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.people人民；B.languages語言；C.bonds紐帶；D.habitats棲息地。根據(jù)空前的“respectandunderstandingofnative”可知此處指“尊重和理解當(dāng)?shù)厝恕?，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：理想情況下，生態(tài)旅游專業(yè)人員會組織并執(zhí)行一種體驗(yàn)，向游客展示當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的可持續(xù)性和文化敏感性。A.alter改變；B.taste品嘗；C.execute實(shí)行、執(zhí)行；D.undergo經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)空前的“ecotourismprofessionalsorganize”可知，生態(tài)旅游專業(yè)人員會組織并執(zhí)行一種體驗(yàn)，故C項(xiàng)正確。【41題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)生態(tài)旅游的不同方面(如住宿、交通、商業(yè)、組織、接待等)的基本知識和保護(hù)問題(如保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物和合理開采資源)。A.properties屬性；B.advantages優(yōu)勢；C.opinions觀點(diǎn)；D.respects方面。空后的“(suchasaccommodation,transportation,business,organization,andhospitality)aswellasconservationalissues(suchas___6___protectionforwildlifeandrational___7___ofresources).”是生態(tài)旅游的幾個(gè)方面，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.deserving應(yīng)得；B.reserving預(yù)訂；C.preserving保留；D.conserving保護(hù)。根據(jù)空后的“protectionforwildlife”可知此處指“保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物”，空前的“conservational”也是提示，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.exhaustion耗盡；B.fulfillment履行；C.advantage優(yōu)勢；D.exploitation開發(fā)、開采。根據(jù)空后的“ofresources”可知此處指“合理開采資源”，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，熟練掌握一門外語也很有幫助，有時(shí)甚至是必須的，否則學(xué)生將無法擁有全球性的洞察力。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Likewise同樣地；D.Afterall畢竟?？涨罢f學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)生態(tài)旅游的不同方面，結(jié)合空后的“itisalsohelpful,andsometimes___9___,tobefluentinaforeignlanguage”可知，此外，熟練掌握一門外語對學(xué)習(xí)生態(tài)旅游的學(xué)生也很有幫助，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.controlled受控制的；B.requested被請求的；C.selective選擇性的；D.compulsory義務(wù)的、必須的。根據(jù)空后的“orstudentswillnotbeabletoholdaglobalinsight.”可知，否則學(xué)生將無法擁有全球性的洞察力，這說明他們被要求必須熟練掌握一門外語，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：畢業(yè)后，學(xué)生接受進(jìn)一步的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)也是至關(guān)重要的。A.applicable可應(yīng)用的；B.obliged必須的；C.critical至關(guān)重要的；D.subtle微妙的。根據(jù)空后的“forstudentstoreceivefurthercareertrainingprograms”可知，畢業(yè)后，學(xué)生接受進(jìn)一步的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)也至關(guān)重要，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：隨著對地球的威脅在許多社區(qū)出現(xiàn)，那里的居民對周圍的自然世界和保護(hù)環(huán)境的方式越來越感興趣。A.turnsdown拒絕；B.turnsup出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生；C.turnsoff關(guān)掉；D.turnson打開。根據(jù)空前的“thethreattoourplanet”可知，對地球的威脅在許多社區(qū)出現(xiàn)，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：生態(tài)旅游的發(fā)展規(guī)模是旅游業(yè)本身的三倍，需要更多有知識的工作人員適應(yīng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。A.rate等級；B.width廣度；C.scale規(guī)模；D.extension延伸。根據(jù)空后的“demandingmoreknowledgeableworkers”可知，生態(tài)旅游需要更多有知識的工作人員，這說明它的發(fā)展規(guī)模是旅游業(yè)本身的三倍，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.devoting致力；B.contributed貢獻(xiàn)；C.adapting適應(yīng)；D.committed承諾。根據(jù)空后的“tosustainability”可知，生態(tài)旅游需要更多有知識的工作人員以適應(yīng)可持續(xù)的發(fā)展方向，故C項(xiàng)正確。【50題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：生態(tài)旅游的薪水因領(lǐng)域不同而不等，但擁有學(xué)位和一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)是有幫助的。A.count數(shù)數(shù)；B.different不同的；C.range在……內(nèi)變動(dòng)；D.vary變化。根據(jù)空后的“fromfieldtofield”可知，生態(tài)旅游的薪水從一個(gè)領(lǐng)域到另一個(gè)領(lǐng)域不等，rangefrom表示“在從……到……范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)”故C項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：領(lǐng)隊(duì)和導(dǎo)游負(fù)責(zé)帶領(lǐng)游客游覽不同目的地的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)指出綠色旅游和綠色生活方式的好處。A.while與……同時(shí)；B.because因?yàn)?；C.evenif即使；D.if如果。根據(jù)空后的“pointingoutthebenefitsofgreentravelandagreenlifestyle”可知，領(lǐng)隊(duì)和導(dǎo)游負(fù)責(zé)帶領(lǐng)游客游覽不同目的地的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的同時(shí)要指出綠色旅游和綠色生活方式的好處，故A項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】本篇第6空C項(xiàng)preserving的干擾性較大，雖然preserve和conserve都有“保護(hù)”之意，但preserve強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)物品等不被破壞、維持現(xiàn)狀，常用于保護(hù)文物；conserve則強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)自然資源，根據(jù)空后的“protectionforwildlife”可知此處指“保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物”，空前的“conservational”也是提示，即：學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)旅游的不同方面(如住宿、交通、商業(yè)、組織、接待等)的基本知識和保護(hù)問題(如保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物和合理開采資源)，故D項(xiàng)（conserving）正確。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsgo.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication-butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople'shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinmeaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemic（流行?。﹚asannounced,theideaof"swineflu"scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwith,butaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna'sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.It'snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.Ifyou'retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓舞士氣的講話）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe'rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserules,youhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.52.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause_______.A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness.C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication.D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext.53.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers'speeches.D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.54.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor'sviewon"greatspeakingability"?A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.55.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.【答案】52.D53.A54.D55.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了不同類型演講在正式場合以及我們生活中的作用。【52題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的“Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.”可知，演講具有很多功能和作用，包括勸說、激勵(lì)、科普、致敬、娛樂、簡單介紹等等，演講的這些作用決定了它的不可替代。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段最后一句“InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.”可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織的科普性演講抑制住了人們對于流行病的恐慌，所以B項(xiàng)正確；由第三段最后一句“Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.”可知，戰(zhàn)前將軍的激勵(lì)演講可以讓軍隊(duì)做好備戰(zhàn)，鼓舞士氣，所以C項(xiàng)正確；由第五段的“Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwith,butaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.”可知，哀悼和歌頌具有安慰作用，故D項(xiàng)正確。綜上，不正確的為A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.(在世界論壇上的發(fā)言可以有效地解決世界問題。)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的“Tolearnthoserules,youhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.”可知，出色的演講能力需要訓(xùn)練，也需要學(xué)習(xí)借鑒一些過去的優(yōu)秀演講。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。縱觀全文內(nèi)容可知，文章先總體說明了演講的各種功能作用，然后分類介紹了正式場合下不同演講的作用以及生活中演講的作用，屬于總分結(jié)構(gòu)的文章，文章主旨在段首和第二段——演講不可替代，演講有很多功能。故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】主旨大意題難度相對較大，解體的時(shí)候要避免以偏概全及擴(kuò)大范圍。在解答主旨大意題時(shí)，可以結(jié)合文章結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析，常見的文章結(jié)構(gòu)有總-分-總，總-分，分-總等等，如果文章符合這些結(jié)構(gòu)，往往第一段或最后一段就是文章的主旨。如第4小題，就可以從文章的總-分結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā)，將中心內(nèi)容鎖定在第一段和第二段。(B)RailairLinkHealthrowAirport(Allterminals)→ReadingDec1st,2014toJan.31st,2015MondaystoFridaysTerminal4departTerminal2departTerminal3departTerminal1departReadingarrive0635