2021屆北京市高考英語壓軸試題

注意事項

本試卷共11頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？?/p>

試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡

上將該項涂黑。

Whenitcametimetovoteforthespeakeratgraduationintheclassmeeting,Ms.Lenihanaskedwho

wouldliketobeourclassspeaker.Beinga（an）]girl,Itriednottomakeeyecontact.Seeing

severalclassmatesgouptothefronttostatewhytheyshouldbethespeakers,Ifeltasenseof2.But

atlastMs.Lenihan3infrontofusandsaid,“Wewillhaveanothermeetingthisweek,andIexpect

toseemoreparticipation.Iam4thatsomeofyouarejustsittingtherewhenyoushouldbeup

here!^^Whenshesaidthosewords,Ilookeduptoseeshewasglaringrightatme.Ifeltsonervous,but

knowingshehadsomuch5inme,Ishouldnotletherdown.

Afterspendingthewholeweekpracticingaspeech,Istoodupinfrontofmyclassmates.Therewere

eighttotenotherparticipants,andIdidn't6muchformyself.Whenthevotescameinthenextday,

Ms.Lenihanannouncedthattheclasschoseme!Iwouldhavetostandupinfrontofourentireschoolto

makeaspeech.My7levelwentthroughtheroof,butMs.LenihantoldmeshewasgladthatIhad

steppeduptothe8.

OverthenextmonthIworkedonmygraduationspeech.WhenIstoodupinfrontofthewholeschool,

Iwasstillnervous,9whenIlookedatMs.Lenihan,IrememberedthewholereasonIwasupthere

wasthatshehadfaithinme.IbelieveI10thatday,andwillalwaysremembertheencouragement

thatMs.Lenihangaveme.

1.A.shyB.honestC.outgoingD.lazy

2.A.dutyB.shameC.lossD.relief

3.A.stayedupB.climbedupC.marchedupD.pulledup

4.A.disappointedB.depressedC.embarrassedD.frightened

5.A.faithB.interestC.prideD.ambition

6.A.winB.expectC.proveD.share

7.A.threatB.anxietyC.excitementD.tolerance

8.A.achievementB.destinationC.failureD.challenge

9.A.tillB.thenC.butD.so

10.A.proceededB.promisedC.innovatedD.transformed

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。

A

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Onceuponatime,inasmalltownlivedamanwhocouldn'tsee.Yet,hecarriedalightedlampwith

himwheneverhewentatnight.Onenight,hecame11.agroupoftravelers.Oneofthemaskedhim,“Hey,

man!Youcan'tseeanything!Whydoyoucarryalightedlampthen?”Theblindmanreplied,“Yes,

12.(unfortunate),IamblindbutthelightedlampIamcarryingisfbrpeoplelikeyouwhocansee.You

maynotseemecomingandendupknockingintome.Thatis13.Icarryalightedlamp.^^

B

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Inrecentyears,Chineseliteraturehasgainedmorepopularityworldwide.Anincreasingnumberof

Chineseliteraryworks14.(translate)intomultiplelanguages,includingEnglish,French,Japaneseand

Russian,andreadbypeoplefromcountriesandregions15.(involve)intheBeltandRoadInitiative(“一

帶一路''倡議).Notonlyhavethe16.(story)fromChina'spastmadetheirwaythroughtime,butthe

beautyofthelanguagehasdrawntheworld'sattention.

C

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

LastJulyChina'smannedsubmersible(載人潛艇)Fendouzhe17.(dive)10,909metersdeepinthe

MarianaTrench.Thisisthe18.(deep)divingrecordforaChinesemannedsubmersible.Thepressure

underwaterisverystrong,19.islikeanelephantstandingonthetipofyourfinger.Fendouzhecancarryup

tothreepeople.Theeggshapemakesiteasierfbrthescientists20.(move)aroundandstudythesea.

第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

ExploreNiceinFrance-howcartravelmakesforamemorableholiday.

AclassicoptiontoexplorethecelebratedcityofFrance,suchasNiceisthroughhardtravel.Cruising

throughtheSouthofFrance,therearemuseumsandrestaurantstoexperience.Visitingtheseattractionsis

mostconvenientwithacar.AshiringacarinNicefromtheairportissimple.Onecansitbackanddrive

throughthewonderfulcountrylandswithoutacareintheworld.Thewestsidehassmallhillswhiletheeast

extendstotheMediterraneanSea.Peacefulvineyards,quietvillagesatarichlifeawaitsyouifyoudrive

throughthecountryside.

Restaurants

ThekitchendelightsthatNiceoffersarethecitieschiefattraction.TheCoursSaleyamarket,offersfine

delicacieswhilesippingtheProvencalwineisanothersoothingexperience.Overall,Coted'Azurcanbeput

asthegastronomiccapitalofFrance.

Beaches

Beingalongthecoastline,Niceofferssomereallywarmandrelaxingbeachestoitstouristslinedwith

cosyseasideapartmentsandhotels.

TipsforHiringaCar

Chooseacarwhichcaneasilyaccommodateyouandyourfamilywithoutbeingtoobig-Trafficcan

beamajorissueinsomecities.

AGPSnavigationsystemaidsintravelingwithoutgettinglostandalsohelpsinsavingtime.

Checkwithvariousnumberofcarhirecompaniesforthedifferentpricessothatyoudonotendup

withanexpensivepackage.TravelingtoFrancehasperhapsbeenonthewishlistsofeverytravel-hungry

person.Andyoucanmakeyourtripevenmorememorablebytravelingthroughthecountryinthecar.

21.WhatcanbelearnedaboutNicefromthepassage?

A.Itislocatedfarfromthesea.

B.Ithasquietvillagesandvineyards

C.ItisnoeasywaytohireacarinNice.

D.Itoffersthewarmestbeachtotourists.

22.WhenhiringacarinFrance,youareadvisedto

A.Chooseoneasbigaspossible.

B.IgnoretheGPSnavigationsystem.

C.Payforyouraccommodationinadvance.

D.Checkwithcompaniesforreasonableprices.

23.Thispassageisintendedfor

A.driversB.travelers

C.passengersD.tourguides

B

Whatanimalpullsatyourheartstrings—apandaoratoad（蟾蛛）？ZoologistLucyCookedraws

attentiontosomeoftheworld'sleastattractiveanimals.Shehopestoshowtheworldwhysomeofthemost

unlovableanimalsareactuallythemostinterestinganddeservingofourattentionandprotection.

Cooke'sblogsandonlinevideosbringherunusualstorytellingstyletoaseriousmessage:Ifweonly

careforthebestlovedanimals,otherimportantpartsoftheweboflifecouldbeignored.Therearesomany

televisionshowsaboutlovelyanimalslikekoalabearsandkittens,sheobserves.Alltheattentionseems

focusedon“celebrity“animals."Thoseunusualcreaturesattractmebecausetheytellanamazing

evolutionary（進(jìn)化）story,Cookesaid."I'minterestedinallofnature,notjusttheshinybits.^^

Amphibians——animalslikefrogsthatlivebothonlandandinwater——topCooke'slist.Overathirdof

amphibiansaregoingextinct;it'stheworstextinctioncrisissincethedinosaurswerewipedofftheplanet.

“Amphibiansoccupyacrucialspotinthemiddleofthefoodchain.Ifyouremovethem,everythingelsewill

belostaswell,^^shenoted.€tThatmotivatedmetostartmyblog,TheAmphibianAvenger.Whenamphibians

goextinct,birdsandsnakesthateatthemalsodisappear.Andsincetheybreathethroughtheirskin,theyare

easilyattackedbypollutionandclimatechange.Thatmakesthemfantasticinstrumentsformeasuringthe

healthofecosystems.^^

OneofCooke'smostpopularonlinevideosisaboutsloths-extremelyslow-movinganimalsthatlive

intrees.They'vealwayshadareputationforbeinglazyandstupid.Infhct,"slothfulness''isthekeytothe

animaPssuccess,allowingthesloth'sliver（肝臟）toprocesspoisonoussubstancesfoundintheleavesit

eats.Movingslowlyalsokeepsithiddenfromenemies.44Myvideoshowedtheworldhowinterestingthey

areJCookesaid.

Thebats,dungbeetlesandmoregettheirmomentinthesunthankstoCooke.4tIjustwantpeopleto

sharemysenseofamazementandloveforthesecreatures.^^Cookestated."Onceyouunderstandwhy

they'reuglyorodd,you'llappreciatethemandwanttosavethemasmuchasIdo.”

24.CookestartedTheAmphibianAvengerinorderto.

A.maketheanimalpopularwithpeople

B.showheruniqueappreciationofbeauty

C.introducetheresearchonanewspecies

D.explaintheimportanceofthiskindofanimal

25.Cooke'svideoaboutslothsisanexampleof

A.whysomeanimalsdeservetheirreputation

B.whyshethinksitnecessarytosaveanimals

C.howpeoplefocusonsomespecificanimals

D.howsheistryingtochangepeople'sminds

26.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.AnimalDefender

B.IntelligentAnimals

C.Cooke'sStorytellingBlogs

D.TheSecretofExtinctCreatures

c

Iwasstandinginthecheckoutlinebehindawomanwholookedtobeinher60s.Whenitwasherturn

topay,thecashiergreetedherbynameandaskedherhowshewasdoing.

Thewomanlookeddown,shookherheadandsaid:"Notsogood.Myhusbandjustlosthisjob.The

truthis,Idon'tknowhowI'mgoingtogetthroughthesedays."Thenshegavethecashierfoodstamps（食品

券）.

Myheartached.Iwantedtohelpbutdidn'tknowhow.ShouldIoffertopayfbrhergroceries,orask

forherhusband'sresume（簡歷）?

Walkingintotheparkinglot,Ispottedthewomanreturninghershoppingcart.Iremembered

somethinginmypursethatIthoughtcouldhelpher.Itwasn'tahandfulofcashoranofferofajobforher

husband,butmaybeitwouldmakeherlifebetter.

"Excuseme,"Isaid,myvoicetremblingabit.UIcouldn'thelpoverhearingwhatyousaidtothecashier.

Itsoundslikeyou'regoingthroughareallyhardtimerightnow.Fmsosorry.I'dliketogiveyou

something."

Ihandedherthesmallcardfrommypurse.Whenthewomanreadthetwowords"YouMatter'*onthe

card,shebegantocry.Andthroughhertears,shesaid:"Youhavenoideahowmuchthismeanstome.”

Iwasalittlestartledbyherreply.Havingneverdoneanythinglikethisbefore,Ididn'tknowwhatkind

ofreactionImightreceive.AllIcouldthinktosaywas:"WoulditbeOKtogiveyouahug?”

Afewdaysearlier,oneofmyworkmatesgaveasimilarcardtomeasencouragementforaprojectI

wasworkingon.WhenIreadthecard,Ifeltawarmglowspreadinsideofme.Deeplytouched,Iordered

myownboxof“YouMatter"cardsandstartedsharingthem.

27.Whatwasthewoman'strouble?

A.Shelostherjob.

B.Sheneededmorefoodstamps.

C.Shedidn'tknowhowtogetthroughthehardtime.

D.Shedidn'thaveenoughmoneytopayforhergroceries.

28.Howdidtheauthorhelpthewoman?

A.Sheinspiredthewomanwithacard.

B.Sheboughtsomefoodfbrthewoman.

C.Shegavethewomanahandfulofmoney.

D.Sheofferedthewoman'shusbandabetterjob.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“startled”mostprobablymean?

A.Moved.B.Surprised.C.Pleased.D.Annoyed.

30.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.YouDecideWhoYouAreB.BadThingsWillGoAway

C.TheHelpfromaStrangerD.ThePowerofaSmallCard

D

AlbertEinstein)s1915masterpiece"TheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity^isthefirst

andstillthebestintroductiontothesubject,andIrecommenditassuchtostudents.Butitprobably

wouldn'tbepublishableinascientificjournaltoday.

Whynot?Afterall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.And

whilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersin

theoreticalphysicsaremuchmoredifficult.

AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,<4Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12

menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,

becausehewastheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalot

understoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan12.”

No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofspaceandtimeand

thencontinueswithanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsidered

extraneoustoday,takeuphalfthepaper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists5work,norare

thereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirsteditors.

Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.

Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorobservatoriesornationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.And

anythinginvolvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesofpaperwork.

WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolscience

competitions.Intheearlydecadesofits78-yearhistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofclever

butnaive,amateurisheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polished

workcomingoutofinternships（實習(xí)）atestablishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.

Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodern

science.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsand

people.Butthereareseriousdownsides.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratic

hoops（繁文緡節(jié)），andoutsidersfaceentrybarriersateveryturn.

Ofcourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsandpublishinghisresults.

Itsscientificcorewouldn'thavechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametastetoread.

31.AccordingtoRichardFeynman,Einstein's1915paper.

A.wasaclassicintheoreticalphysics

B.turnedouttobecomprehensible

C.neededfurtherimprovement

D.attractedfewprofessionals

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extraneous“inParagraph4mean?

A.Unrealistic.B.Irrelevant.

C.Unattractive.D.Imprecise.

33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisaffectedasmodernsciencedevelops?

A.Theapplicationofresearchfindings.

B.Theprincipleofscientificresearch.

C.Theselectionofyoungtalents.

D.Theevaluationoflaboratories.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.WhatmakesEinsteingreat?

B.Willsciencebeprofessionalized?

C.CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?

D.Howwillmodernsciencemakeadvances?

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Healthyeating,likemanythings,doesn'thavetobeanall-or-nothingenterprise.Ifyou'relookingtoeat

healthier,hereareafewsimplethingsyoucandothatdon'tinvolveanextremediet.

Figureouttheproblem.

It*simportanttoknowwhatyou'retryingtofix.Youwouldjustfirstofallgettotherootoftheproblem

andseewhatthemainobstaclesare.35.Ifyoudecidethatyouspendtoomuchtimemindlesslysnacking,

maybeit'sbecauseyourmealsaren*tfillingenough,oryouneedmorenutritionally-balancedsnacksaround.

Startsmall.

Makeoneortwochangestoyourdailyroutineandseehowthatgoes.Ifit'sdoableandsustainable,try

addinganotherchangeandseehowthatfeels.36.Ifthehabityouaredevelopingiscustomized（定制）to

you,toyourlifestyle,tohowyoufeelandtoyourreality,itwillbeeasyforyoutorepeatitandtomakeita

habit.

37.

Wehavebecomeincreasinglydependentuponprocessedandconvenientrestaurantmeals.Ourtaste

buds（味蕾）cancometolongforthesehigh-fat,high-saltfood.Cookingmoreoftencanoftenimproveyour

dietaryqualityanddecreaseyourrelianceuponthesefoods.

Addsomefibre.

Manyofusfeel"fullandenergized"afterahigh-fibremealorsnack.Rememberthatfibrefillsusup

onfewcalories.38.High-fibredietshavebeenlinkedtoarangeofhealthbenefits,includingprotecting

againstdisease.Weshouldchoosewholegrains,andaddchiaseedstothingslikecerealoryogurttoboost

theirfibrecontent.

Usesmallerplates.

Usingsmallerplatesatmealtimeisaneasythingtodothatcanbringusbigbenefits.39.Makesure

thathalfyourplateiscoveredinfruitsorveggies.

Makeacommitmenttofocusonlife-longbehaviourchangeusingstrategiesthatarehealthy,enjoyable

andthereforesustainable.

A.Cookmoreathome.

B.Relyonrestaurantmeals.

C.It'saboutbuildingnewhabits.

D.Then,youcanlookatthecause.

E.Youcanturntoyourfriendsforhelpifnecessary.

F.Itslowsdigestion,lowerscholesterol（及口固醇）andstabilizesbloodsugars.

G.Thiswillhelptocontrolportion（食物的一份）sizessothatyoucanbeamoremindfuleater.

第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）。

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。

Isitbetterforourbodiestoworkoutatcertaintimesoftheday?Scientistshaveknownforsometime

thateverytissueinourbodiescontainsakindofbiologicalclockthatgoesoffinresponsetomessages

relatedtoourdailyexposuretolight,foodandsleep.

However,whetherandhowexercisetimingmightinfluencemetabolic（新陳代謝的）healthhasbeen

lessclear,andtheresultsofpastexperimentshavenotalwaysagreed.Amuch-discussed2019studyfound

thatmenwithType2diabetes（糖尿?。﹚hocompletedafewminutesofhigh-intensityinterval（I、可隔）

sessionsintheafternoonimprovedtheirblood-sugarcontrolaftertwoweeks.Patr