全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語二級口譯綜合能力模擬試卷二[單選題]1.WhichofthefollowingwasNOT（江南博哥）mentionedasafeatureof18thcenturyFrance?A.Amagnetforresearchersandthegeneralreader.B.Thecenterofintellectualseedbedofrevolution.C.Asuperpowerwithglobalinfluence.D.Amotorofeconomicglobalisation.參考答案：B參考解析：錄音中提到18世紀(jì)的法國是intellectualseedbedofmodernity,theEnlightenment（現(xiàn)代主義和啟蒙運動發(fā)源地）的中心。因此B項有誤?！句浺粼摹縏heFrench18thcenturyisamagnetbothforresearchersandthegeneralreader.Francewasthecentreofthatintellectualseedbedofmodernity,theEnlightenment.Itwasasuperpowerabletospreaditsinfluenceroundtheworld.Itwasamotorofeconomicglobalisation.[單選題]2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdivueofosdivichesaccordingtothespeaker?A.Thefemaleosdivichesaresmallerthanthemaleones.B.Themaleosdivichesmayweighover275pounds.C.Thefemaleosdivicheshaverathergreyandwhitefeathers.D.Thelifespanofosdivichesisapproximately40years.參考答案：D參考解析：語義的理解和判斷。該段錄音對ostrich（鴕鳥）進行了一般性介紹，描述了其高度、體重、毛色和夫妻鴕鳥共同生活的年限。關(guān)于最后一項內(nèi)容，錄音中指出“Itisnotuncommonforostrichpairstoremaintogetherfortherestoftheirlifespan,whichisapproximately40years”，可知夫妻鴕鳥共同生活的年限大概是40年，因此選項D所描述的“駝鳥的壽命大概為40歲”與錄音原文不符?！句浺粼摹縏hemaleostrichesarelargerthantheirfemalecounterpartsandcangrowtoaheightof2.4metersandreachaweightofover130kilograms(approximately275pounds).Thefemaleostrichisrecognizablebytheratherdismalgreyandwhitefeathers.Itisnotuncommonforostrichpairstoremaintogetherfortherestoftheirlifespan,whichisapproximately40years.[單選題]3.Accordingtothepassage,whenwillthepersonbecontactedbythelost-and-foundoffice?A.Whenthepersonisonthesubway.B.Whenthepersoncomestotheofficeinperson.C.Whentheofficefindsamatchfortheitemlost.D.Whentheofficefinishesthesearchfortheitemlost.參考答案：C參考解析：特定信息的找尋和判斷。該段錄音主要和失物招領(lǐng)制度相關(guān)，其中提到“Ifthereisamatch,youwillbecontactedtoconfirmitisyouritem”，表明如果失物招領(lǐng)辦公室找到與失主描述相符的物品，他們便會與失主進行聯(lián)系以便確認(rèn)。因此，選項C與錄音原文相符?！句浺粼摹縊urlost-and-foundsystemallowsyoutonotifyusifyouloseanitemwhileridingMetro.Onceyousubmitinformationontheitem,asearchisdoneoftheitemswehavefound.Ifthereisamatch,youwillbecontactedtoconfirmitisyouritem.Thentheitemcanbepickeduporshippedtoyou.Youwillonlybecontactedifamatchisfoundforyouritem.[單選題]4.Businessesarealsoleavingthecendivalcitiesintherichcoundiviesbecause______.A.theycannotcopewiththeregulationsonenvironmentprotectionB.theylookforcheapersourcesoflaborinthethirdworldC.theywanttohelpthedevelopingcoundiviesD.theywanttoselltheirproductstothepeopleinthedevelopingcoundivies參考答案：B參考解析：錄音中描述到企業(yè)為了減少營業(yè)成本開始搬離中心城市，跨國公司開始把工廠遷到newsitesofferingcheaperlaborinthethird，可知企業(yè)離開中心城市是為了到第三世界的國家需求更廉價的勞動力?！句浺粼摹緽usinesses,too,recognizinganewfreedomofmovement,areleavingthecentralcities,partlytoreducetheiroverheadcosts.Multinationalcorporationscrossinternationalboundariestorelocatetheirfactories,removingthemfromhigh-wageurbancentersinthefirstworldtonewsitesofferingcheaperlaborinthethird.[單選題]5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisdivueofAluminumCorp.ofChina?A.Itisthebiggestmakerofthemetalintheworld.B.Itwantedtoincreaseitsproduction.C.Itwantedtobreaktheworldrecord.D.ItwassoldtoAlcoaandinstitutionalinvestorstosurvive.參考答案：B參考解析：該段錄音中指出作為本土最大的金屬生產(chǎn)商AluminumCorp.ofChina表示將把價值3.1billion港元或者40million美元的股份賣給Alcoa和institutionalinvestors（團體投資人），目的是在創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的需求下收購競爭對手（buyrivals）和增加產(chǎn)量（expandproduction），因此B項正確?！句浺粼摹緼luminumCorp.ofChina,themainland’sbiggestmakerofthemetal,saidthatitwouldsell3.1billionHongKongdollars,or$40million,ofnewsharestoAlcoaandinstitutionalinvestorstobuyrivalsandexpandproductionamidrecorddemand.[單選題]6.ThenumberofpeoplewhospeakEnglishasaforeignlanguagetodayamountsto______.A.thirty-fourmillionB.threeorfourbillionC.threeorfourhundredmillionD.threeorfourmillion參考答案：C參考解析：錄音中提到現(xiàn)在有三四億人（threeorfourhundredmillionpeople）每天都在使用英語，而這些人的母語并不是英語，由此可見有三四億人是把英語作為一門外語來學(xué)的?！句浺粼摹縄nthetimewhenShakespearewasayoungman,almostnoonewhowasnotactuallybroughtupspeakingEnglisheverbotheredtolearnit.NowEnglishisindailyuseamongthreeorfourhundredmillionpeoplewhowerenotbroughtupspeakingitastheirnativelanguage.MostofthemliveincountriesrequitingEnglishforwhatwemaybroadlycall“external”purposes:contactwithpeopleinothercountries,eitherthroughthespokenorthewrittenword,forsuchpurposesastradeandscientificadvance.[單選題]7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdivueaccordingtothespeaker?A.OliveoilisanelementinthedietofMediterraneancoundivies.B.Onecanuseoliveoiltodresshimselfupwithvinegar.C.ThedivaditionalGreekdietcontainshighfatcontent.D.GreekslivingontheislandofCretehadalowoccurrenceofheartdisease.參考答案：B參考解析：詞匯的理解和判斷。該段錄音主要對oliveoil（橄欖油）的用途進行了描述，其中提到“Itis…alsousedliberallymixedwithvinegarasadressing”，由此可知該句指的是“橄欖油可與醋混合制成一種調(diào)味品”。因此B項關(guān)于“人們可用橄欖油和醋來裝扮自己”的說法是錯誤的。dressoneselfup意為“打扮自己”，不同于錄音中的dressing（調(diào)味品）?！句浺粼摹縊liveoilisastapleinthedietofMediterraneancountries.Itisnotonlyusedincooking,butalsousedliberallymixedwithvinegarasadressing,andevenwithcrackedblackpepperasadippingsauceforfoccaciabread.40yearsago,whenresearchingtheGreekslivingontheislandofCrete,researcherswereamazedbytheresults.DespitethehighfatcontentinthetraditionalGreekdiet,theresidentsoftheislandhadanexceptionallylowoccurrenceofheartdisease.ThisledresearcherstoexaminethedietsoftheGreekpeopletotrytofigureoutwhatfactorscontributetothislowrateofheartdisease.Theirconclusion?Oliveoil![單選題]8.Whocantoleratepainmuchlonger?A.Peoplewhoarelisteningtoaninformativetape.B.Peoplewhoarelisteningtolightmusic.C.Peoplewhoarelisteningtosomethingfunny.D.Peoplewhoarelisteningtonotapeatall.參考答案：C參考解析：主旨題。該段首句便指出“Laughtercanevenprovideakindofpainrelief”（開懷大笑能夠緩解疼痛），然后以科學(xué)實驗結(jié)果進行證明，并在最后總結(jié)道“Scientistsfoundthat…thosewhohadlistenedtothehumoroustapecouldtoleratethediscomfortformuchlonger.”，即那些聽過幽默故事磁帶的學(xué)生能夠忍受更長時間的疼痛。其中該句中的humoroustape和選項C的somethingfunny表達意思相符?！句浺粼摹縇aughtercanevenprovideakindofpainrelief.Scientistshadprovedthatlaughterproducesendorphins—chemicalsinthebodythatrelievepain.Theydivided40universitystudentsintofourgroups.Thefirstgrouplistenedtoafunnycassettefor20minutes.Theotherthreegroupslistenedtoeitheraninformativetape,oracassetteintendedtorelaxthem,ornotapeatall.Scientistsfoundthatiftheyproducepaininthestudents,thosewhohadlistenedtothehumoroustapecouldtoleratethediscomfortformuchlonger.[單選題]9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTdivueofthepassage?A.Theemployersandemployeesmaybeconflictedinmedicalinsurance.B.Thegovernmentwantstocutdowncostsinmedicalinsurance.C.Medicalinsuranceexcludesmanynewmedicaltechnologies.D.Medicalinsurancepromotesdevelopmentofnewmedicines.參考答案：D參考解析：該段錄音講述了公眾在新科技方面的利益和政府及雇主為控制成本在限制醫(yī)療保險覆蓋范圍所作出的努力之間的沖突，錄音最后提到comprehensivecoverage的缺乏會打消醫(yī)藥公司開發(fā)臨床上有效到在財政上沒有太大優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品的積極性。因此選項D與錄音不符?！句浺粼摹縏heremaywellbeaconflictbetweenthepublic’sinterestinnewtechnologiesandeffortsbygovernmentandemployerstorestrictcoverageofmedicalinsuranceinanefforttocontrolcosts.With89newpharmaceuticalsapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministrationandalmost4,000clinicaltrialsfornewmedicinestakingplacein2002,itremainstobeseenhowmanyofthesenewtreatmentswillbefullycoveredbyinsurance.Inaddition,thislackofcomprehensivecoveragemaydiscouragepharmaceuticalcompaniesfromdevelopingproductsthatareclinicallybeneficialbutnotfinanciallyadvantageous.[單選題]10.Accordingtotheinternationalcarbon-divadingsystem,______.A.coundivieswherethereisnodeforestationmightgetpaidB.deforestationhasnothingtodowiththeincreasingamountofcarbonemissionsintheatmosphereC.coundiviesthatreleaselesscarbonintotheatmospherecanbuy“credits’’fromthosereleasingmoreD.themorecarbonacoundivyreleasesintotheatmosphere,themorecreditsitcouldget參考答案：A參考解析：錄音開頭指出世界上20%的碳排放量來自因森林砍伐（deforestation）而排放到大氣中的二氧化碳，因此有人提議創(chuàng)立一個internationalcarbon-tradingsystem（國際碳交易體系），實際上就是“allowcountries...tobepaidfornotcuttingdowntheirforests”，因此選項A正確?！句浺粼摹縒ith20%oftheworld’semissionscomingfromcarbonreleasedintotheatmosphereviadeforestation,oneofthemorecontroversialideastobefloatedattheconferencewilllikelybeaproposaltocreateaninternationalcarbon-tradingsystemthatwould,ineffect,allowcountriessuchasIndonesiatobepaidfornotcuttingdowntheirforests.Althoughdetailshaveyettobehammeredout,theconceptissimilartoaEuropeanUnioncarbon-tradingsystemthatsetslimitsongreenhouse-gasemissions,allowingcompaniesexceedingthoselimitstobuy“credits”fromcompaniesthatproducelessthantheirfairshareofpollutants.[判斷題]1.Accordingtothespeaker,thefirstmodernOlympicGameswereheldasaninternationalcompetition.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：B參考解析：特定信息的找尋和判斷。錄音中提到現(xiàn)代奧運會始于1896年，由法國教育家BaronPierredeCoubertin倡導(dǎo)進行，與此同時指出“whosedesirewastopromoteinternationalunderstandingthroughathletics”，可知現(xiàn)代奧運的宗旨是通過運動員促進國際間的理解交流。但題干中卻指出第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運會是作為aninternationalcompetition（國際競爭）而舉行的。因此與錄音原文說法不符?！句浺粼摹縏hemodemOlympicGamesbeganinAthensin1896asaresultoftheinitiativeofBaronPierredeCoubertin,aFrencheducatorwhosedesirewastopromoteinternationalunderstandingthroughathletics.NinenationsparticipatedinthefirstGames;overl00nationscurrentlycompete.[判斷題]2.Accordingtothespeaker,AppletonobtainedadegreeinnaturalsciencesfromCambridgein1913andoneyearlaterjoinedtheRoyalEngineerswherehewasdivainedinradiotechnologyinventedbyMarconi.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：A參考解析：特定信息的找尋和判斷。該段錄音是對Appleton的介紹，其中提到“…h(huán)ewonascholarshiptoCambridge,wherein1913hereceivedafirst-classdegreeinnaturalsciences”，可知他在1913年獲得劍橋大學(xué)的自然科學(xué)學(xué)位，與題干中前半部分相符。接著錄音中繼續(xù)指出“inAugust1914…h(huán)imjointheRoyalEngineers；whiletherehewastrainedinMarconi’srecentinvention,radiotechnology”，可知他于1914年8月加入了皇家工程師協(xié)會，并在那兒接受培訓(xùn)，學(xué)習(xí)Marconi的最新發(fā)明，即無線電技術(shù)?？芍}干中后半部分描述也與錄音原文相符。因此該題表述正確?！句浺粼摹緽orninBradford,Appletoninitiallyshowedlittlemorethanapassionformusicandcricket.However,aged18hewonascholarshiptoCambridge,wherein1913hereceivedafirst-classdegreeinnaturalsciences.TheoutbreakofWarinAugust1914sawhimjointheRoyalEngineers;whiletherehewastrainedinMarconi’srecentinvention,radiotechnology.[判斷題]3.Artificialsweetenersandsyntheticfatsubstitutesmaybehealthy,buttheywillnothelpyoubecomeslimandkeepfit.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：B參考解析：特定信息的找尋和判斷。關(guān)于artificialsweeteners（人造甜味素）和syntheticfatsubstitutes（人造脂肪），錄音首句便指出“要避免食用人造甜味素和人造脂肪以及含有這些成分的食物”，接著表明這些東西應(yīng)既不健康又不利于保持輕盈體態(tài)。由此可知，題干所描述的“人造甜味素和人造脂肪可能是有益于健康……”與錄音原文不符?！句浺粼摹緼voidartificialsweetenersandsyntheticfatsubstitutesandthefoodsmadewiththem.Theyareunhealthyandnotconducivetothedevelopmentofthekindofgoodeatinghabitsyouneedtoslimdownandstaythatway.[判斷題]4.Adwareisasoftwareprogramthatmayhelpadvertiserscollectinformationaboutconsumers’preferencesandpromotesalesonline.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：A參考解析：特定信息的理解和判斷。錄音首句便指出“AdvertisersinterestedinsellingproductsovertheInternetmayuseadware…”，可知想要在網(wǎng)上賣產(chǎn)品的廣告商可以使用adware。接下來的內(nèi)容是對adware的介紹，提到“Advertisersisasoftwareprogram…adwarecancollectinformationaboutaperson’sinterests”，由此可見，題干中所描述的“adware是一種軟件程序，它能夠幫助廣告商收集關(guān)于消費者愛好的信息，從而有助于提高網(wǎng)上銷售”與錄音相符?！句浺粼摹緼dvertisersinterestedinsellingproductsovertheInternetmayuseadwaretoidentifypossiblebuyers.Adwareisasoftwareprogramsentwithfreefilesorprogramstoacomputer.Onceloadedontoacomputer,adwarecancollectinformationaboutaperson’sinterests.Adwarecanusethisinformationtoprovidetargetedsalesmessagestothecomputeruser.[判斷題]5.Accordingtothespeaker,aseatbeltandanuprightseatprovidelessprotectionforcarpassengers.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：B參考解析：語義理解題。錄音中指出“individualswhorideinareclinedpositionwhilewearingthesesafetybeltsmayplacethemselvesatadditionalriskofinjury”，reclined指“斜倚著的”，可知安全帶、坐姿和駕車安全的關(guān)系為：乘車時，身系安全帶，但斜倚在座位上受傷的可能性會更大。換句話說就是系上安全帶，再保持筆直坐姿，乘車的安全性會有所提高。而題干卻指出“系安全帶并保持筆直坐姿的人更容易受傷”，顯然與錄音原文不符。題干中situpright意為“正坐”?！句浺粼摹縄tisalreadyknownthatincorrectusageofcombinationlapandshoulderseatbeltscanleadtoinjuriesofthespine,neckandpelvis.Now,evidencefromthreecasereportssuggeststhatindividualswhorideinareclinedpositionwhilewearingthesesafetybeltsmayplacethemselvesatadditionalriskofinjury.[判斷題]6.Evenwithabillofrights,Iraq’snewconstitutionisprimarilybasedonIslamiccodes.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：A參考解析：語義的找尋和判斷。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為Iraq’snewconstitution，從而定位到錄音中的“Iraq’sinterimconstitutionsaysthatIslamiclawmayserveasasourceforlegislation…”，可知伊拉克臨時憲法的立法之本為伊斯蘭教法。接著錄音中繼續(xù)提到“AbillofrightssimilartothatinAmericaguarantees…”，表明伊拉克同樣有billofrights（權(quán)利法案）。由此可知，題干表述正確?！句浺粼摹縄raq’sinterimconstitutionsaysthatIslamiclawmayserveasasourceforlegislation,thoughitwillnotbethelaw’smainunderpinningassomereligiousconservativeshadhoped.AbillofrightssimilartothatinAmericaguaranteestherighttofreespeechandfreedomofreligion.[判斷題]7.Scientistsdonotunderstandwhywomenshouldoutlivemenbyfiveyears.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：B參考解析：數(shù)字信息的找尋和判斷。錄音中提到，男人在25歲之前的10年中身體狀態(tài)、各項機能都處于最高峰，接著指出“Forreasonsthatscientistsdonotunderstand,womengetafive-yearbonus”，可知令科學(xué)家們不能理解的是女人身體狀態(tài)和各項機能的高峰期比男人多出五年。并非題干所描述的“科學(xué)家不能理解為何女性壽命比男性多出5年”，因此該題表述有誤。outlive意為“比……活得長”?！句浺粼摹緼manisinhisbestshapeinthedecadebeforeage25whenhismusclesarefirmest,hisresistancetocoldsandinfectionsishighestandhisbodyismostefficientinutilizingnutrients.Forreasonsthatscientistsdonotunderstand,womengetafive-yearbonus.[判斷題]8.Accordingtothespeaker,thenumberofelectorsineachstateequalsthatofitsrepresentativesintheHouse.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：B參考解析：分析比較結(jié)構(gòu)的理解和判斷。關(guān)于每州選民的人數(shù)，錄音中提到“EachstatehasasmanyelectorsasthetotalnumberofitsrepresentativesinCongress.”，可知每州的選民人數(shù)等同于該州在國會中的代表人數(shù)。而非題干中所說的每州的選民人數(shù)等同于itsrepresentativesintheHouse（其在眾議院的代表人數(shù)）。因此該題表述錯誤?！句浺粼摹縄ntheAmericanelectoralsystem,peopledon’treallyvoteforpresidentialcandidates.Instead,voterscasttheirballotsfor“electors”whosupporteachcandidate.EachstatehasasmanyelectorsasthetotalnumberofitsrepresentativesinCongress.ThisequalstwosenatorsperstateplusthenumberofitsrepresentativesintheHouse.Thecandidatewhohasthemostvotesinastatewinsallofthestate’selectors.Towinthepresidentialelection,acandidatemustgainatleast270ofthe538totalelectoralvotes.[判斷題]9.Theresultoftheexperimentsuggeststhatwhethersmallerclassescanimproveeducationisnotclear.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：B參考解析：語義的理解和判斷。錄音中指出在Tennessee（田納西州）進行的一項實驗的目的是“…toseeifsmallerclassesimprovededucation”（看小班教學(xué)是否提高教育質(zhì)量），而結(jié)果是在低年級進行小班教學(xué)translatedintostudentsscoringhigheronmathtestsinlatergrade，可知該實驗證明小班教學(xué)確實有效。因此題干“實驗結(jié)果證明小班教學(xué)是否提高教育質(zhì)量不得而知”的說法與錄音原文不符?！句浺粼摹縎mallerclasssizesinearlygradestranslatedintostudentsscoringhigheronmathtestsinlatergradesinTennessee’sexperimenttoseeifsmallerclassesimprovededucation,astudysaidofFriday.[判斷題]10.Commercialsgenerallydonotprovideinformationabouttheproductsadvertised.A.正確B.錯誤參考答案：A參考解析：語義的理解和判斷。從錄音中提到的“Commercialsmaysellproducts,buttheygenerallygivelittleconsumerinformation”，可知通常情況下商業(yè)廣告在進行產(chǎn)品宣傳時，不會向消費者透露有關(guān)被宣傳產(chǎn)品的信息。因此，題干所描述內(nèi)容與錄音原文意思相符?！句浺粼摹緾ommercialsmaysellproducts,buttheygenerallygivelittleconsumerinformation.Seeingabeautifulgirlsippingasoftdrinktellsyounothingaboutthecontentsofthesoda.Orshowingafamousbaseballplayershavingwithaname-brandrazordoesnottellthecustomerthecostorqualityoftherazorblade.[問答題]1.Listentothefollowingpassage.WriteinEnglishashortsummaryofaround150—200wordsofwhatyouhaveheard.Youwillhearthepassageonlyonceandthenyouwillhave25minutestofinishyoursummary.Thispartofthetestcarries20points.Youmayneedtoscribbleafewnotestowriteyoursummary.參考答案：【文章梗概】本文主要討論經(jīng)濟理論與實踐的關(guān)系。文章從經(jīng)濟權(quán)威人士Ormerod的新書入手，解釋了他提出的蝴蝶經(jīng)濟的概念，認(rèn)為人類的經(jīng)濟活動與螞蟻行為相似，由此得出結(jié)論：人類經(jīng)濟活動在短期內(nèi)無章可循，但是從長遠角度看，還是有一定規(guī)律和結(jié)構(gòu)的，因此政府對于社會經(jīng)濟活動應(yīng)少管。最后文章對于Ormerod的理論予以高度評價。【參考答案】綜述內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括5個主要點信息和9個次要點信息中的5個。下劃線部分為主要點,斜體部分為次要點。[Mosteconomicforecastsarewrong.]Andgovernmentsusuallyfailwhentheytrytofine-tunetheeconomicsintheshortterm.That’snotsurprising,arguesPaulOrmerodinhisbookButterflyEconomics,[becausefewunderlyingeconomictheoriesandmodelscomeanywherenearreallife.]Ormerod,aneconomistanddirectoroftheLondonThinkTank,hasdumpedontheblinkeredworldofmainstreameconomicthoughtbefore,inhisbook,TheDeathofEconomics.Thistime,hearguesthathiscolleagueswiththedismalscience[shouldinsteadview“societyasalivingcreature,whichadaptsandlearns.”][Ormerodcallshisapproachbutterflyeconomics,inparttostressitslinktobiology.]Butitalsoreflectsaprincipleadvancedbychaostheoriststhattheflutteringofabutterfly’swingscansetoffatornadoinanotherpartoftheglobe.Moderneconomics,hesays,are“complexsystemswhichhoveronthebrinkofchaos.”ButOrmerodcouldjustaseasilyhavetitleditAntModelEconomics,becausehistheoriesderivefromentomologists’experimentswithantsinthemid-1980s.Twoequal-sizedfoodsourcesweresetequidistantfromanant’snest.Howdidthecolonydivideitselfbetweenthesources?Asitturnedout,theproportionofantsvisitingonesiteortheotherchangedconstantly.Sometimeschangesweresmall.Othertimes,shiftsweredramaticandswift.Nonewaspredictable.Why?Basically,aforaginganthasthreechoices:returningtothefoodsourceitsuccessfullyvisitedbefore;beingpersuadedbyotherants,viaascent,totrytheotherpile;orturningtothehumans.Peoplecanstickwithapreviousdecision,changetheirmindsontheirownaccord,orbepersuadedbytheactionsofothers.Thatpeopleareofteninfluencedbyothers,theauthorsays,goesalongwaytowardexplainingwhysomeinferiortechnologiessqueezeoutsuperiorones,likeVHSvideocassetterecordersupstagingBetamaxVCRS,orwhytraderscontinuetobuycurrenciestheyknowtobeovervalued.[Popularitybreedspopularity.Thismayallseemobvious.Butforeconomists,it’sarevelation.]Standardeconomictheoriesnearlyalwaysassumethatpeople’sbehaviorandtastesneverchange—whichhelpsexplainwhymosttheoriescan’tpassarealitycheck.Inreallife,chaos—intheformofhumandecision-making—reigns.Theantmodelshowsthataccurateshort-termpredictionsofantbehaviorareimpossible.Butinlongterm,thereisapatterntotheants’randomness.And,Ormerodsays,soitiswitheconomics,too.[Short-termgovernmentalforecastsusuallymissthemark.]Andtheabilitiesofpoliticianstoalterthecyclesofbusinessare“l(fā)argelyillusory,”heinsists.[Butinmelongterm,thereissomestructure.]Thebusinesscycle,withallitsconstantebbingandflowing,maybeuncontrollableanddefiantofnear-termforecasts.Butdespiteitsfluctuations,capitalisteconomieshavegrownslowlyandsteadilyovertime.[Thatmeans,]hesays,[thatpolicymakersshouldadoptaless-is-moreapproach.]“Theroleofgovernmentsshouldbeconfinedtotryingtomitigatetheconsequencesofacycleratherthantryingtoeliminateit.”[Ormerod’sefforttopersuadeorthodoxeconomiststotakehumanbehaviorintoaccountmoreoften—regardlessofitsunpredictability—isaworthygoal.]Still,it’sabitdispiritingthathisforagingants,likePavlvov’ssalivatingdogs,depictourbehaviorsoaccurately.參考解析：一、主干內(nèi)容表達部分：這部分內(nèi)容為文章的主干內(nèi)容，是綜述的主要信息。1.Mosteconomicforecastsarewrong,becausefewunderlyingeconomictheoriesandmodelscomeanywherenearreallife.[分析]本句是文章首段的主要內(nèi)容，提出本文討論的核心問題，因此是全文框架性內(nèi)容。2.Thistime,heargues…shouldinsteadview“societyasalivingcreature,whichadaptsandlearns.”O(jiān)rmerodcallshisapproachbutterflyeconomics,inparttostressitslinktobiology.[分析]本句提出本文討論的主要理論，并點明其要點，因此是全文框架性內(nèi)容。3.Popularitybreedspopularity.Thismayallseemobvious.Butforeconomists,it’sarevelation.[分析]本句是在具體闡釋本文提出的核心理論后得出的結(jié)論，也是文章重要觀點，因此是全文框架性內(nèi)容。4.Short-termgovernmentalforecastsusuallymissthemark.Butinthelongterm,thereissomestructure.Thatmeansthatpolicymakersshouldadoptaless-is-moreapproach.[分析]本句說明所討論的理論對人類社會生活的指導(dǎo)意義，是本文討論的重要內(nèi)容，因此為全文框架性內(nèi)容。5.Ormerod’sefforttopersuadeorthodoxeconomiststotakehumanbehaviorintoaccountmoreoften—regardlessofitsunpredictability—isaworthygoal.[分析]本句位于全文最后一段，對全文討論的重要理論作了概括性的評價，是文章必不可少的內(nèi)容，因此是框架性內(nèi)容。二、支持性細(xì)節(jié)表達部分這部分內(nèi)容為主要點的重要支持性細(xì)節(jié)，是綜述的次要點信息。1.Governmentsusuallyfailwhentheytrytofine-tunetheeconomicsintheshortterm.[分析]本句就文章主題進一步發(fā)揮，明確了文章討論的重點，因此是重要的支持性細(xì)節(jié)。2.Butitalsoreflectsaprincipleadvancedbychaostheoriststhattheflutteringofabutterfly’swingscansetoffatornadoinanotherpartoftheglobe.[分析]本句是對本文涉及的核心理論的進一步補充說明，因此是重要的支持性細(xì)節(jié)。3.Histheoriesderivefromentomologists’experimentswithantsinthemid-1980s.[分析]本句具體說明了蝴蝶理論的來源，將其與下面重點討論的螞蟻行為聯(lián)系在一起，起到承上啟下的作用，因此是重要的支持性細(xì)節(jié)。4.Peoplecanstickwithapreviousdecision,changetheirmindsontheirownaccord,orbepersuadedbytheactionsofothers.[分析]本句將螞蟻行為運用到人類社會，說明了本文理論對人類社會的具體的實踐意義，使全文觀點更具有說服力，因此是重要的支持性細(xì)節(jié)。5.Thatpeopleareofteninfluencedbyothers,theauthorssays,goesalongwaytowardexplainingwhysomeinferiortechnologiessqueezeoutsuperiorones.[分析]本句進一步解釋說明人類社會的經(jīng)濟行為，以例證形式支持了文章主要觀點，因此是重要的支持性細(xì)節(jié)。6.Standardeconomictheoriesnearlyalwaysassumethatpeople’sbehaviorandtastesneverchange.Inreallife,chaos—intheformofhumandecision-making—reigns.[分析]本句運用核心理論具體解釋了一般的經(jīng)濟理論與人類社會的關(guān)系，與文章開始提出的問題相呼應(yīng)，因此是重要的支持性細(xì)節(jié)。7.Theantmodelshowsthataccurateshort-termpredictionsofantbehaviorareimpossible.Butinlongterm,thereisapatterntotheants’randomness.And,Ormerodsays,soitiswitheconomics,too.[分析]本句進一步擴展螞蟻模式，為文章重要觀點的提出奠定理論基礎(chǔ)，因此是重要的支持性細(xì)節(jié)。8.Thebusinesscycle,withallitsconstantebbingandflowing,maybeuncontrollableanddefiantofnear-termforecasts.Butdespiteitsfluctuations,capitalisteconomieshavegrownslowlyandsteadilyovertime.[分析]本句介紹了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的一般規(guī)律，進一步證明了核心理論的價值，因此是重要的支持性細(xì)節(jié)。9.Theroleofgovernmentsshouldbeconfinedtotryingtomitigatetheconsequencesofacycleratherthantryingtoeliminateit.[分析]本句是對文章提出政府少介入社會經(jīng)濟活動的進一步解釋和說明，補充完善了全文主要觀點，因此是重要的支持性細(xì)節(jié)?！句浺粼摹縈osteconomicforecastsarewrong.Andgovernmentsusuallyfailwhentheytrytofine-tunetheeconomicsintheshortterm.That’snotsurprising,arguesPaulOrmerodinhisbookButterflyEconomics,becausefewunderlyingeconomictheoriesandmodelscomeanywherenearreallife.Ormerod,aneconomistanddirectoroftheLondonThinkTank,hasdumpedontheblinkeredworldofmainstreameconomicthoughtbefore,inhisbook,TheDeathofEconomics.Thistime,hearguesthathiscolleagueswiththedismalscienceshouldinsteadview“societyasalivingcreature,whichadaptsandlearns.”O(jiān)rmerodcallshisapproachbutterflyeconomics,inparttostressitslinktobiology.Butitalsoreflectsaprincipleadvancedbychaostheoriststhattheflutteringofabutterfly’swingscansetoffatornadoinanotherpartoftheglobe.Moderneconomics,hesays,are“complexsystemswhichhoveronthebrinkofchaos.”ButOrmerodcouldjustaseasilyhavetitleditAntModelEconomics,becausehistheoriesderivefromentomologists’experimentswithantsinthemid-1980s.Twoequal-sizedfoodsourcesweresetequidistantfromanant’snest.Howdidthecolonydivideitselfbetweenthesources?Asitturnedout,theproportionofantsvisitingonesiteortheotherchangedconstantly.Sometimeschangesweresmall.Othertimes,shiftsweredramaticandswift.Nonewaspredictable.Why?Basically,aforaginganthasthreechoices:returningtothefoodsourceitsuccessfullyvisitedbefore;beingpersuadedbyotherants,viaascent,totrytheotherpile;orturningtothehumans.Peoplecanstickwithapreviousdecision,changetheirmindsontheirownaccord,orbepersuadedbytheactionsofothers.Thatpeopleareofteninfluencedbyothers,theauthorsays,goesalongwaytowardexplainingwhysomeinferiortechnologiessqueezeoutsuperiorones,likeVHSvideocassetterecordersupstagingBetamaxVCRS,orwhytraderscontinuetobuycurrenciestheyknowtobeovervalued.Popularitybreedspopularity.Thismayallseemobvious.Butforeconomists,it’sarevelation.Standardeconomictheoriesnearlyalwaysassumethatpeople’sbehaviorandtastesneverchange—whichhelpsexplainwhymosttheoriescan’tpassarealitycheck.Inreallife,chaos—intheformofhumandecisionmaking—reigns.Theantmodelshowsthataccurateshort-termpredictionsofantbehaviorareimpossible.Butinlongterm,thereisapatterntotheants’randomness.And,Ormerodsays,soitiswitheconomics,too.Short-termgovernmentalforecastsusuallymissthemark.Andtheabilitiesofpoliticianstoalterthecyclesofbusinessare“l(fā)argelyillusory,”heinsists.Butinthelongterm,thereissomestructure.Thebusinesscycle,withallitsconstantebbingandflowing,maybeuncontrollableanddefiantofnear-termforecasts.Butdespiteitsfluctuations,capitalisteconomieshavegrownslowlyandsteadilyovertime.Thatmeans,hesays,thatpolicymakersshouldadoptaless-is-moreapproach.“Theroleofgovernmentsshouldbeconfinedtotryingtomitigatetheconsequencesofacycleratherthantryingtoeliminateit.”O(jiān)rmerod’sefforttopersuadeorthodoxeconomiststotakehumanbehaviorintoaccountmoreoften—regardlessofitsunpredictability—isaworthygoal.Still,it’sabitdispiritingthathisforagingants,likePavlvov’ssalivatingdogs,depictourbehaviorsoaccurately.共享題干題PassageOne[單選題]1.Whichofthefollowingmakesthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.GlobalWarmingB.GlobalizationC.InternationalTerrorism.D.WorldEconomics參考答案：B參考解析：該段錄音中多次提到globalization，主要講述了全球化的作用及其不可避免性，因此選項B最符合文章標(biāo)題。[單選題]2.Accordingtothepassage,theworldisbecominginterdependentinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT______.A.politicsB.economicsC.environmentD.culture參考答案：D參考解析：錄音中指出隨著全球化的發(fā)