IntroductiontoInterculturalCommunicationChapter1跨文化交際c1Selfintroductionpageof

thecourseleaderProf.ZhuXiaoshu(Ph.D.)UniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics/跨文化交際c1YourfinalgradecomponentsAttendance10%Assignments30%Finalexam60%跨文化交際c1QuestionsonthecourseparticipantsIfyouwereaskedtodefineculture,whatdefinitionwouldyougive?Haveyouthoughtofthepossibledifferencebetweencross-culturalofinterculturalcommunication?Haveyouhadanymisunderstandingswithforeignteachersandstudents,withwhomyouhavecontact?Whydoweneedtostudyinterculturalcommunication?跨文化交際c1InterculturalcommunicationskillsareessentialforpeopletodayTheliteratureininternationalbusinessisfilledwithexamplesofinterculturalmiscommunicationandblunders,whichshowtheresultsofmiscalculating-orsimplyignoring-theculturaldimensionofinternationalbusiness.Moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizetheculturalimpactandpossiblenegativeconsequencesthatcomefrominappropriatecommunicationsduringinternationaltransactions.跨文化交際c1TheobjectivesofthiscourseToidentifyandanalyzeculturaldifferencessoastoavoidsuchkindsofmisunderstandingininternationalcommunication.Toprovideaframeworkforunderstandingoffactorsthatinfluenceinterculturalcommunication.Tohelpyoudevelopeffectivestrategiesindealingwithpotentialculturalconflictsandimproveyourinterculturalcommunicativecompetence.

跨文化交際c1Defining

InterculturalCommunication(ICC)ThetermfirstusedbyEdwardT.Hallin1959andissimplydefinedasinterpersonalcommunicationbetweenmembersofdifferentcultures.ICCcanincludeinternational,interethnic,interracial,andinterregionalcommunication.跨文化交際c1InternationalcommunicationCommunicationtakesplacebetweennationsandgovernmentsratherthanindividuals.Itisquiteformalandritualized.DialogueattheUN.DialoguebetweenChineseChairmanandAmericanpresident.跨文化交際c1InterethniccommunicationCommunicationbetweenpeopleofthesameracebutdifferentethnicbackgrounds.CommunicationbetweenaTibetanandaHan跨文化交際c1InterracialcommunicationItoccurswhenthesourceandthereceiverexchangingmessagesarefromdifferentraceswhichpertainstophysicalcharacteristic.Itmayormaynotbeintercultural.CommunicationbetweenwhitesandblacksintheU.S.跨文化交際c1InterregionalcommunicationTheexchangeofmessagesbetweenmembersofthedominantculturewithinacountry.Theysharecommonmessagesandexperiencesoveralongperiodoftime,butliveindifferentregionsofthesamecountry.Interactionbetweensouthernersandnortherners.跨文化交際c1ThefeaturesofinterculturalcommunicationItisauniversalphenomenon.Itoccurseverywhereintheworld.Ifyouarereceivingmessagesfromanotherculture,youareinvolvedinICC.Communicationsbetweencultureshasbeengoingonforthousandsofyears.SilkroadInterculturalcommunicationisacommondailyoccurrence.Foreigntravelers,overseasstudents跨文化交際c1FourcrucialdevelopmentsthatcontributetotherapidincreaseofICCImprovementsintransportationtechnologyDevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologyChangesinmassmigrationpatternsGlobalizationoftheworldeconomy跨文化交際c1InternationalbusinessMultinationalcorporations’annualsalesarecompatibletoorgreaterthantheyearlygrossdomesticproductofmostcountries.China’sshareoftheworldtradehasgrownmorerapidlywithitstradevolumerankedthe3rdintheworld.Ofthetop500worldenterprises,almost450havecometoChinaforinvestment.跨文化交際c1ICCisbecomingincreasinglyimportantGlobalizationoftheworld’seconomywillchallengevirtuallyallbusinesspersonstobecomemoreinternationallyawareandintellectuallyadept.ThemajorchangesinChina’ssocietyreinforcethefactthatinterculturalcommunicationisbecomingadailyoccurrenceandisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.跨文化交際c1EdwardHallthefounderofICCEdwardHallconceptualizedthisnewfieldofICCintheearly1950s.TheSilentLanguage(Hall,1959)isconsideredtheclassicfundamentalbookofICCstudy.跨文化交際c1ICChascontinuedtoprosperintheU.S.becauseThecountryisalandofimmigrantsfrommanydiverseculturesTherearethousandsofnewimmigrantsenteringthecountryeveryyearTheU.S.haslargenumbersofforeignstudentsandtouristsTheAmericaninvolvementintheglobaleconomy跨文化交際c1ThedevelopmentofICCThisnewfieldofstudyoriginatedintheU.S.inthelate1950s.Itgainedacceptancethroughtrainingandtestingpracticeinthe1960sand1970s.Itformeditsbasisframeworkinthelate1970s.Ithasmadegreatachievementsintheoryandpracticeeversincethe1980sbothinsideandoutsideoftheU.S.Today,ICCiswidelyacknowledgedandextensivelyresearchedinallpartsoftheworld.跨文化交際c1ICCstudiesinChinaICCwasfirstlyintroducedintoChinaduringtheearly1980sbysomeEnglishteachers.HuWenzhong,aleadingscholarofICCinChina

The5thInternationalConferenceonCross-culturalCommunicationwasheldinHarbin,ChinaChinaAssociationforInterculturalCommunicationwasestablishedin1995.跨文化交際c1ICCstudyinChinagrewfromacademicinteresttotheoreticalresearchandpracticalimplementation

Verbalcommunicationtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture:vocabulary,syntax,pragmaticrules,discoursepatternsandtranslationNon-verbalcommunicationComparativestudyofcustomsandbehaviorpatternsinChinaandothercountriesCulturaldifferencesinbusinessmanagementTraditionalChinesevalueorientationsandtheirimpactonmodernization,etc.跨文化交際c1ThemultidisciplinarynatureofICCL-linguisticsandlanguageA-AnthropologyP-PsycholinguisticsandPsychologyS-SociolinguisticsandSociologyE-EducationandEnglishC-CommunicationstudiesC-CulturalStudies跨文化交際c1ElementsofICCstudyPhysical–time,environment,comfortandneeds,andphysicalmediumCultural-ethnic,religious,andsocialdifferencesPerceptual-viewingwhatissaidfromyourownmindsetMotivational-thelistener’smentalinertiaExperiential-lackofsimilarlifehappeningsEmotional-personalfeelingsofthelistenerLinguistic-differentlanguagesspokenNonverbalCompetition-abilitytodootherthingsincommunication跨文化交際c1“stumblingblocks”inICCAssumingmoreculturalsimilaritiesthanthereactuallyare.LanguagedifferencesareoftenasourceofmisunderstandingsMisinterpretingeachothers’non-verbalcommunicationHavingstereotypesandpreconceptionsabout“foreignersEvaluatingwhatforeignersdoandsaybeforeunderstandingwhattheymeanHavingfeelingsofanxietyandstressinICC,whichmayleadtoinaccurateconclusions.跨文化交際c1PotentialproblemsinICCAvoidanceoftheunfamiliarUncertaintyreductionWithdrawalStereotypingPrejudiceRacismMisuseofpowerCultureshockethnocentrism跨文化交際c1StereotypeshamperICCTheyarerootedinyourcompulsiontomakein-groupandout-groupdistinctions.Theyareoversimplified,over-generalizedorexaggerated.Theyrepeatandr