經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！2015(總分：150.00，做題時(shí)間：120分鐘)一、Vocabulary(總題數(shù)：40，分?jǐn)?shù)：80.00)1.Hisnatural______savedhimfrombeingspoiltbyfameandsuccess.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.honestyB.simplicityC.modesty√D.morality謙遜；質(zhì)樸；穩(wěn)重。honesty誠實(shí)，正直。simplicity樸素；天真；愚蠢。morality道德；品行，美德。2.Patriotismwasthearmycaptain"s______whenhespokeatourschoolassembly.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.theme√B.theoremC.thesisD.theory主題；主旋律；題目。theorem[數(shù)]定理；原理。thesis論文；論點(diǎn)。theory理論；學(xué)說；推測。3.Amodernshiphasits______inthehollowedlogusedbyprimitivepeoples.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.protonB.patternC.predecessorD.prototype√原型；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，模范。proton質(zhì)子。pattern模式；圖案；樣品。predecessor前任，前輩。4.Youshould______thewheelsofyourbicycletoreducethefriction.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.labelB.illustrateC.lubricate√D.manipulate使……操縱；篡改。5.Apersonoughttoconformthe______ofbehaviour.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.patternsB.modelsC.modesD.norms√【解析】固定詞組。句意：一個(gè)人應(yīng)該遵守一定的行為規(guī)范。norm有"規(guī)范，基準(zhǔn)"的意思，1normsofbehaviour行為規(guī)范。model模型；模范；樣式。mode模式；方式；風(fēng)格。6.Travelcanbeanexcellent______toone"seducation.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.complement√B.completionC.componentD.competitor【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：旅行對于一個(gè)人的教育來說是個(gè)絕好的補(bǔ)充。complement補(bǔ)足物；補(bǔ)語；余角。completion完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)。component成分；組件。competitor競爭者，對手。component強(qiáng)調(diào)的是構(gòu)成某物的成分或部分，acomponentofsth．某物的一個(gè)組成部分。7.The______tothecontractmustbesignedbytwowitnesses.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.assignmentB.attachment√C.assessmentD.alignment【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：合同附件需有兩位見證人簽字。attachment附件；依戀。assign-menttothecontract合同附件。8.Heaccepted______forthedamagedonetothecar.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.libertyB.liability√C.licenseD.likelihood責(zé)任；債務(wù)；可能性。libertyliability承擔(dān)責(zé)任，負(fù)責(zé)。9.Ifthemainpowerlinefails,thehospitalwilluseits______generator.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.residualB.subordinateC.obedientD.auxiliary√generator從屬的；次要的。obedient順從的，服從的；孝順的。10.Thebigsearchlight______aspotamileaway.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.ignitesB.stimulatesC.illuminates√D.illustrates說明。ignite點(diǎn)燃；使燃燒；使激動。stimulate起刺激作用；起促進(jìn)作用。illus-trate闡明，舉例說明。11.Hisnewlypublishednovelenjoysgreat______.2（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.attentionB.likelihoodC.popularity√D.controversy【解析】固定詞組。句意：他新出版的那本小說廣受歡迎。enjoygreatpopularity享有盛譽(yù)，廣受歡迎。enjoygreatattention深受關(guān)注。相比之下，C項(xiàng)更加符合題意。controversy爭論；論戰(zhàn)；辯論。12.Theyoungmotherlookedathersleepingbabywitha(an)______smile.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.elegantB.earnestC.radiant√D.radical輻射的；容光煥發(fā)的；光芒四射的。aradiantsmile"燦爛的微笑，滿臉微笑"，形容母親看著自己孩子滿心的欣喜。earnest認(rèn)真的，熱心的。anearnest激進(jìn)的；根本的；徹底的。13.Alwaystellyourneighbourswhenyouaregoing,asa______againstburglary.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.safeguard√B.hindranceC.sacrificeD.violationsafeguardagainst犧牲；祭品；供奉。violation違反；違背；妨礙。14.Theplatedroppedonthefloorand______intolittlepieces.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.smashed√B.crashedC.crackedD.crushed撞。crack破裂；爆裂。crush擠；被壓碎。15.Havingroomsinwhichtostudywillnot______,wemustalsohavethetimetousethem.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.suffice√B.satisfyC.quantifyD.rejoice足夠；有能力。satisfy令人滿意；令人滿足。quantify量化；定量。rejoice高興；慶祝。16.Their______faultwasafailuretorecognizeallthefactorsinvolved.3（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.infiniteB.inherentC.potentialD.sole√【解析】詞義辨析。句意：他們唯一的過錯(cuò)就在于沒能識別出所有涉及到的因素。sole唯一潛在的；可能的。17.Marilyncamebackfromhervacationwith______armsandface.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.tan√B.tameC.blackenedD.freshened【解析】詞義辨析。句意：度假回來，瑪麗蓮的胳膊還有臉都曬黑了。tan意思為"黃褐色；曬黑的膚色"，符合題意，因此選A項(xiàng)。tame馴服的；乏味的；順從的。blackened為blacken的為freshen18.Thewagontrainshadto______IndianterritorytoreachCalifornia.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.transferB.transverseC.traverse√D.transport【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：馬車隊(duì)必須穿過印第安保留區(qū)才能到達(dá)加利福尼亞。traverse不能作動詞，作形容詞時(shí)意思為"橫向的；橫斷的"。19.Thepropellerbeganto______,andthesmallplanestarteddowntherunway.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.rollB.whirl√C.ventilateD.roar【解析】詞義辨析。句意：螺旋槳開始轉(zhuǎn)起來，這架小飛機(jī)開始沿著跑道滑行。whirl"旋轉(zhuǎn)，回旋"，指旋轉(zhuǎn)或作圓周運(yùn)動，側(cè)重急速或力量。roll"卷；滾動；轉(zhuǎn)動"，指某物在平面上滾動或翻滾。ventilate使通風(fēng)；給……裝通風(fēng)設(shè)備；宣布。roar咆哮；喧鬧。20.Thegovernment"srecentstatementoftheunemploymentdoesnot______withthefacts.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.accord√B.conformC.commenceD.consentwith"同……相Awith同意；贊成；答應(yīng)。21.Theyplannedto______inthemiddleofthenight,whentheguardswereasleep.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）4A.gooffB.runoutC.breakoffD.breakout√【解析】固定詞組。句意：他們打算等到半夜守衛(wèi)熟睡時(shí)逃出去。breakout(使)脫逃，(使)Doffoutoff折斷；突然停止，暫停。22.It"sprettywindy.You"dbetter______yourhat.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.adduptoB.lenditselftoC.holdonto√D.standupto【解析】固定詞組。句意：風(fēng)很大，你最好抓緊你的帽子。holdonto緊緊抓住，抓牢。C項(xiàng)符合題意。addupto總計(jì)達(dá)，總共。lenditselfto適宜于，適用于。standupto經(jīng)得起；抵抗；勇敢地面對。23.She"splayingsowellthisyearthatpeopleexpectherto______allthebigprizesagain.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.carryonB.carryoff√C.carryoutD.takeoff【解析】固定詞組。今年她打得很好，大家都期盼她能再次奪得所有獎項(xiàng)。carryoff奪去；獲得；成功地處理。carryon繼續(xù)；參與。carryout執(zhí)行，實(shí)行；貫徹。takeoff脫下(衣帽、鞋子等)；起飛；離開。24.Whenhearrived,hefound______theagedandthesickathome.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.nothingbutB.noneotherthanC.nonebut√D.nootherthan【解析】固定詞組。句意：他回來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)只有老人和病人仍然留在家里。nonebut只有；僅。nothingbut除了……以外什么也沒有；只有，不過。題干中指人，所以排除A項(xiàng)，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。none／nootherthan意思為"不是別的，正是……"。25.Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatissaid,notwhatwethink______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.havetobesaidB.mustsayC.oughttobesaid√D.needtosay【解析】名詞性從句。句意：作為老師，我們要關(guān)心的不是學(xué)生應(yīng)該說什么，而是他們說了什后面接what引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列的名詞性從句做賓語。根據(jù)句意判斷，空格部分的名詞性從句中，what與say為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)，因此排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。通過前面的whatissaid可知，A項(xiàng)的haveto應(yīng)該改為hasto，而且havetodosth．意思是"必須／不得不做某事"強(qiáng)調(diào)的是客觀條件，在此處意思不恰當(dāng)。oughttodosth．"應(yīng)該／理應(yīng)做某事"，符合題意。因此選C項(xiàng)。526.______,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.OtherthingstobeequalB.WereotherthingsequalC.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingsbeingequal√語言表達(dá)能力差的人更容易獲得成功。本題使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做條件狀語，只有D項(xiàng)符合。27.Iamsureheisuptothejob______hewouldgivehismindtoit.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.incaseB.untilC.ifonly√D.unlessonly多好。incase萬一；假使。until……以前；直到……時(shí)。unless除非，如果不。28.Iftapwaterwereasdangerousassomepeoplethink,______wouldbegettingsick.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.alotofmoreusB.alotmoreofus√C.morealotofusD.alotofusmore更多的人生病。alot在該結(jié)構(gòu)中是程度副詞，與比較級more連用時(shí)需要放在其前面進(jìn)行修飾。29.Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas______inashortperiodoftime.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.beingcreatedB.tohavebeencreatedC.havingbeencreated√D.tobecreated【解析】非謂語動詞。句意：不能把現(xiàn)代文明想成是在短期內(nèi)創(chuàng)造的?？崭袂盀榻樵~as，所B項(xiàng)和D以要使用動名詞的完成式。30.Mostofthepeoplewho______twoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.havelivedoutB.havelivedthrough√C.havelivedonD.havelivedwithouton生活。livewith寄宿在……家；忍受(不愉快的事)。31.AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately______fromMarathontoAthens.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.distance6B.isthedistanceC.thedistance√D.thedistanceis【解析】句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：奧林匹克馬拉松賽道長26英里385碼，大致是從馬拉松到雅典的此B項(xiàng)和D賽道的距離，因此distance需要使用定冠詞the。C項(xiàng)為正確答案。32.Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears______itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.sinceB.before√C.afterD.when【解析】連詞。句意：科學(xué)家說可能還需要5至10年，才有可能在病人身上測試這種藥物。before"在……以前；在……之前"，這里表示在病人身上測試之前需要5至10年的時(shí)間。33.Iwalkedtoomuchyesterdayand______arestillachingnow.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.myleg"smusclesB.mymusclesoflegC.mylegmuscles√D.mymusclesoftheleg為名詞作定語，修飾muscles，指腿部肌肉。awoman調(diào)的是歸屬或所有關(guān)系，此處不符合題意。34.SirDenis,whois78,hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection______tothenation.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.hasleftB.istoleaveC.leavesD.istobeleft√歲的丹尼斯爵士已經(jīng)公開宣布要把他的大部分收藏奉獻(xiàn)給國家。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，that后面接從句，具體說明丹尼斯爵士公布的事情。從句表示的是將來的事情，因此A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)和Dofhiscollection和leave屬于被動關(guān)系，需要使用被動語態(tài)，因此選D項(xiàng)。35.Jeandoesn"twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe______ajobsheprobablywouldn"tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.hastogetB.weretoget√C.hadgotD.couldhavegot【解析】虛擬語氣。句意：Jean不想馬上工作，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果有了工作，她很可能就不能經(jīng)常見到朋友了。此處if后面使用weretodosth．表示對將來情況的虛擬，因此后面使用了would(not)do的結(jié)構(gòu)。36.Theworld"ssuppliesofcopper______.7（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.havebeengraduallybeingexhaustedB.hasgraduallyexhaustedC.aregraduallyexhaustedD.arebeinggraduallyexhausted√【解析】時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：世界上的銅礦正在漸漸地被耗盡。根據(jù)句意，此處指正在進(jìn)行的動作，需使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。并且copper和exhaust屬于被動關(guān)系，需使用被動語態(tài)，因此只有D項(xiàng)符合。37.Hitler______inhisroom.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.committedsuicide√B.gotcommittedsuicideC.wascommittedsuicideD.wassuicide【解析】語態(tài)。句意：希特勒在自己的房間里自殺。commitsuicide意為"自殺"，commit與Hitleer之間屬于主動關(guān)系，不需要使用被動語態(tài)，只有A項(xiàng)符合。D項(xiàng)中suicide可以直接作不及物動詞接在主語后面，不需要使用was。38.Billgotupandmadeamotionthatthemeeting______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.beadjourned√B.shouldcancelC.begoingtocancelD.istoadjourn【解析】虛擬語氣。句意：比爾起身提議會議應(yīng)該延遲。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，that后面引導(dǎo)同位語從句修飾aamotion代表的具體含義。對于表示建議、命令等意思的詞如suggestion、proposal、recommendation、order、no-tion(動議)，其同位語從句需要使用"(should)+動詞原形"的形式表示虛擬。因此本題選A項(xiàng)中cancel應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)。39.Itisnogood______persuademe.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.foryoutotrytoB.tryingto√C.ofyoutoD.ofyoutotryto【解析】固定搭配。句意：說服我沒有益處。Itisnodoing無用。40.Themaintroubleis______enoughknowledge.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.theirnothaving√B.themnothavingC.theirsnothavingD.forthemtonothave"動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"。本題中nothavingenoughknowledge的主語為they，因此使用動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，把they變成形容詞性物主代詞their，后面接動名詞。二、Proofreading(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00)Before1973,abortionwasillegalinAmericaunlessthewoman"shealthwasthreatened.8InMarchof1970,JameRoe,asinglewoman,institutedthisfederalactionagainsttheDistrictattorneyofthecounty.Theoriginalideawasthatwomenwhotrulydidnotwantababyshouldnothavetohaveit.1Sincepregnancymaybeablessedactwhenplannedorwanted,2forcedpregnancy,likeanyforcedbodilyinvasion,isanathematoAmericanvaluesandtraditions.AslegalizedabortionhasbecomeaneverydaypartofAmericanlife,adifferentsidetoithasemergedout.3Wherewomenoncewereabortingdidnotwantachild,thereasonsbeinggivennowwerebecomingverydifferent.4Abortionhasturnedintosomethingthatwomenarebeingcoercedfromboyfriends/husbandsunwillingtobefathers,outoffear5ofthefinancialpressure,outofpanicfromlosingtheirjobs,outofpanicfromhavingtoquittheschool,orbecominghomeless,orout6offearoftheirparentskickingthemoutintothestreet.Abortionforthesereasonscanleadtoproblemswhichdevelopwhenawomanisunabletogetroundheremotionalresponsesresul-7tingfromthetraumaofanabortion.Therearewomenwhoabortanddosocompletelyofherownfreewill.Thesewomenhavenoregrets,8noremorse,butarehappytheyhadthischoiceavailable.But9agrowingnumberofwomenarespeakingupabouthowabortioneffectedthemadversely.10（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00）填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：it改為one）填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：Since改為填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：刪除填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：were改為填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：from前面加填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：刪除填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：round改為填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：her改為填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：第一個(gè)but改為填空項(xiàng)1:__________________（正確答案：effected改為【解析】(effect作動詞時(shí)，意思為"產(chǎn)生；達(dá)到目的"。本處意思應(yīng)該為影響，所以需使用af-fect。)三、ReadingComprehension(總題數(shù)：4，分?jǐn)?shù)：40.00)Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militatetowardsanarrowingoftherangeofperceptionandinthelesseningoftheobjectivityofperception.Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceofeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawarenessofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoaldirectedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoals,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.Intheprimitivebeing,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplymotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant"sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfantceasestodesiretheobjectwhenhecannotseeit.Furtherindicationsarethattheinfant"sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresult9ofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishands,helosesattentionandturnstosomethingelse.Inadultlife,merecognitioncanbesimilarlymotivational,althoughthevisiblepresenceoftheopportunityisnotrequiredastheinstigatorofresponse.Thematureadultmodifieshisreactionbyobtaininginformation,interpretingit,andexaminingconsequences.Heformulatesahypothesisandattemptstotestit.Hesearchesoutimplicitrelationships,examinesallfactors,anddifferentiatesamongthem.Justasthetrainedartistcanseparatethevaluesofcolour,composition,andtechnique,whiletakinginandevaluatingthewholework,so,too,thematurepersonbringshiscognitivelearningstrengthstobearinappraisingasituation.Understandingthatcognitionisseparatefromaction,hisreactionsareonlyminimallyguidedfromconditioning,andtakeintoconsiderationanticipatableevents.Theimpactofthesocializationprocess,particularlywhichofparentalandsocialgroupideology,mayreducecognitivelydirectedbehavior.Thetensionthusproduced,asforinstancethestressoffear,anger,orextremeemotion,willoftenbetheoverridinginfluence.Theevolutionaryprocessofdevelopmentfrombodyschemathroughtocognitivelearningissimilarlymanifestedintheprocessoflanguageacquisition.Auditingandspeakingdevelopfirst,readingandwritingmuchlateron.Notonlyisthisevidentinthedevelopmentoftheindividualhumanbeingfrominfancyon,butalsointhedevelopmentoflanguageforhumankind.Everynormalinfanthasthephysiologicalequipmentnecessarytoproducesound,butthechildmustfirstmastertheiruseforsucking,biting,andchewingbeforehecancontrolhisequipmentforuseinproducingthesoundsoflanguage.Thebabbleandchatteroftheinfantareprecursorstointelligiblevocalcommunication.Fromtheearliesttimes,itisclearthatlanguageandhumanthoughthavebeenintimatelyconnected.Sendingorreceivingmessages,fromprimitivewarningsofdangertoexplainingcreativeorreflectivethinking,thisaspectofcognitivedevelopmentisalsofirmlylinkedtotheneedsandaspirationsofsociety.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethattheauthorwouldsupporttheattitudetowardsartappreciationthat______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.aworkofartshouldnotbeanalyzedB.analysisofaworkofartmakesforgreaterunderstandingofit√C.understandingthelifeoftheartisthelpsustounderstandhisworkD.allmaturepeoplecanunderstandartequallywell"thematurepersonbringshiscognitivelearningstrengthstobearinappraisingasit-uation．"，對作品的了解。因此選B項(xiàng)。(2).Thestatementwhichisneitherimpliednorstatedinthispassage數(shù)：2.00）A.Thechildisconcernedonlywithhisownbody√B.ThechildlearnstoactinawaythatwillservehisdesiresC.Theinfant"sattentioncanbedistractedfromanobjectbysimplyconcealingitD.TheinfantfindsitdifficulttofocusattentiononmorethanoneobjectatatimeB項(xiàng)相符，10因此BCC兩句提到，當(dāng)嬰兒被另外的物品吸引時(shí)，會丟下第一件去拿第二件(dropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond)，這暗示了嬰兒的注意力難以一次集中到多件事情上。因此D項(xiàng)排除。本段明確提到孩子對于身體以外的物品的愿望，A項(xiàng)明顯與原文不符，因此選A項(xiàng)。(3).Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethattheeffectsofsocietyonlearningmaybe______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.toenhancetheindividual"smotivationtolearnasquicklyaspossibleB.toodeterlearningbyreasonofanxietyaboutpossibleconflictwithideology√C.tobringman"sknowledgewithinthescopeofallD.tokeepalllearningatthesamestageofdevelopment【解析】第六段提到了"Theimpactofthesocializationprocess…mayreducecognitivelyideology)及他們之間可能會產(chǎn)生沖突(Thetensionthusproduced)。B項(xiàng)符合原文，因此選B項(xiàng)。(4).Thepassageimpliesthat______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.speechisacquiredthroughdirectteachingB.theinfantshouldbetaughtnottobabbleC.infantswhodonotchatterwillneverlearntospeakD.infantsarebornwiththeabilitytospeakbuttheabilitytodosodependsupondevelopmentofphysicalfunctionsthroughnon-verbalactivities√【解析】倒數(shù)第二段提到，正常嬰兒都有發(fā)出聲音的身體器官(physiologicalequipment)，但是在掌握語言之前需要學(xué)會一系列與語言無關(guān)的活動，如sucking，biting，andchewing等。項(xiàng)正確，因此選D項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)過于絕對，與原文不符，排除。(5).Itwouldappearfromthepassagethatitwouldbeusefulfortheparentofthenewbornto______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.givetheinfantwhatheneedsbeforehecriesB.teachtheinfanthowtospeakasquicklyaspossibleC.modelspeechsoundsandencouragetheinfanttoproducethem√D.refusetheinfant"sdemandsuntilhemakesthemclear項(xiàng)符合，因此選C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)文中沒有提及，因此排除。Inareactionagainstatoo-rigid,overrefinedclassicalcurriculum,someeducationalphilosophershaveswungsharplytoanespousalof"lifeexperience"asthesolesourceoflearning.UsingtheirnarrowinterpretationofJohnDewey"stheoriesasabaseforsupport,theyconcludethatonlythrough"doing"canlearningtakeplace.Spoutingsuchphrasesas,"Teachthechild,notthesubject."theydemand,withoutsensingitsabsurdity,andendtorigorousstudyasameansofopeningthewaytolearning.Whilenotalladherentstothisapproachwouldtotallyeliminateastudyofgreatbooks,theinfluenceofthisphilosophyhasbeenfeltinthepublicschoolcurricula,asevidencedbythegradualsubordinationofgreatliterature.Whatisthepurposeofliterature?Whyread,iflifealoneistobeourteacher?JamesJoycestatesthattheartistrevealsthehumansituationbyrecreatinglifeoutoflife;Aristotlethatartpresentsuniversaltruthsbecauseitsformistakenfromnature.Thus,consciouslyorotherwise,thegreatwriterrevealsthehumansituationmosttellingly,extendingourunderstandingofourselvesandourworld.Wecansoarwiththewritertotheheightsof11man"saspirations,orplummetwithhimtotragicdespair.TheworksofSteinbeck,Anderson,andSalinger;thepoetryofWhitman,Sandburg,andFrost;theplaysofIbsen,Miller,andO"Neil:allpresentstarklyrealisticportrayalsoflife"sproblems.Reality?Yes!Buthowmuchwideristheunderstandingwegainthanthatattainedbyviewinglifethroughthekeyholeofoursingleexistence.CanwemeasuretherichnessgainedbytheyoungreaderventuringdowntheMississippiwithTomandHuck,orcheeringIvanhoeashebattlestheBlackKnight;thedeepeningunderstandingofthematurereaderofthetragicSouthofWilliamFaulknerandTennesseeWilliams,oftheawesomedetermination-andfrailty-ofPatrickWhite"sAustralianpioneers?Thisfunctionofliterature,theenlargingofourownlifesphere,isofitselfofmajorimportance.Additionally,however,ithasbeensuggestedthatsolutionsofsocialproblemsmaybesuggestedinthestudyofliterature.Theoverweeningambitionsofpoliticalleaders-andtheirsneeringcontemptforthelaw-didnotappearforthefirsttimeinthewritingsofBernsteinandWoodward;theproblems,andtheconsequentactions,oftheguilt-riddendidnotawaittheappearanceofthebeardedpsychoanalystofthetwentiethcentury.FederalJudgeLearnedHandhaswritten,"Iventuretobelievethatitisasimportanttoajudgecalledupontopassonaquestionofconstitutionallaw,tohaveatleastabowingacquaintancewithThucydides,Gibbon,andCarlyle,withHomer,Dante,Shakespeare,andMilton,withMontaigneandRabelais,withPlato,Bacon,Hume,andKant,aswiththebookswhichhavebeenspecificallywrittenonthesubject.Forinsuchmatterseverythingturnsuponthespiritinwhichheapproachesthequestionsbeforehim."Butwhatofourdissenters?Canweovercomethedisapprovaloftheir"lifeexperienceclassroom"theoryoflearning?Wemuststartwiththefieldofagreement-thateducationshouldservetoimprovetheindividualandsociety.Wemusteducatethemtotheunderstandingthatthevoiceofhumanexperienceshouldstretchourandopensustolearning.Wemustconvincethem-intheirownpersonallanguageperhaps-ofthe"togetherness"oflifeandart;wemustprovetothemthatfarfrombeingseparate,literatureisthatpartoflifewhichillumineslife.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).Accordingtothepassage,theendgoalofgreatliteratureis______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.therecountingofdramaticandexcitingstories,andthecreationofcharactersB.tocreateanewasynthesisoflifethatilluminesthehumancondition√C.theteachingofmoralityandethicalbehaviorD.towriteabouttragedyanddespair【解析】第二段開頭便設(shè)問文學(xué)作品的目的是什么?接著本段通過喬伊斯與亞里士多德的觀點(diǎn)揭示了答案，并且在最后總結(jié)到偉大的作家能夠"revealsthehumanourunderstandingofourselvesandourworld"，B項(xiàng)符合原文，因此選B項(xiàng)。(2).Intheauthor"sopinion,asseeninthispassageoneoutcomeoftheinfluenceofthe"lifeexperience"adherentshasbeen______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.thegradualsubordinationofthestudyofgreatliteratureintheschools√B.anarrowedinterpretationofthetheoriesofJohnDeweyC.asharpswingoverto"learningthroughdoing"D.anendtorigorousstudyasawayoflearninggradualsubordinationofgreatliterature)"，由此可知，正確答案為A項(xiàng)。(3).Astheauthorseesit,oneofthemostimportantgainsfromthestudyofgreatliteratureis______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）12A.enrichmentofourunderstandingofthepastB.broadeningofourapproachestosocialproblemsC.thatitgivesusabowingacquaintancewithgreatfiguresofthepastD.thatitprovidesuswithvicariousexperienceswhichprovideamuchbroaderexperiencethanwecangetfromexperiencesofsimplyourownlivesalone√【解析】根據(jù)第五段第一句"書本擴(kuò)大我們生活領(lǐng)域(theenlargingofourownlifesphere)theenlargingofourownlifesphere指的就是可以通過書中的人物經(jīng)歷來了解到許多他們一生都不可能經(jīng)歷的事情。D項(xiàng)符合題意，因此選D項(xiàng)。(4).Theauthor"spurposeinthispassageisto______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.listthosewriterswhomakeupthebackboneofagreatliteraturecurriculumB.comparetheyoungreader"sexperiencewithliteraturetothatoftheC.advocatetheadoptionofthe"lifeexperience"approachtoteachingD.pleadfortheretentionofgreatliteratureasafundamentalpartofthecurriculum√【解析】分析全文，文章首段首先提到"lifeexperience"這種方法的狹隘性，使得公共學(xué)校留文學(xué)課程，因此選D項(xiàng)。(5).Theauthor"sreasonforquotingJudgeHandisto______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.callattentiontothewritingofThucydidesandCarlyleB.supportthethesisoftheauthorthatliteraturebroadensourunderstandingandstretchesourfaculties√C.pointoutthatconstitutionallawisapartofthegreatliteratureofourpastD.showthateveryone,includingjudges,enjoysreading始對此進(jìn)行論證，并在第六段引用FederalJudgeLearnedHand的話指出，即使對于法官，了解用JudgeHand的話原因在于證明偉大作品有利于拓展我們的理解，提高我們的能力。因此B項(xiàng)為正確答案。A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)只是JudgeHand的觀點(diǎn)，并不是舉例的原因。Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.PriortoEinsteinianphysics,therewasnotrulyadequateformulationoftherelationshipoftimetotheotherforcesintheuniverse,eventhoughsomeempiricalequationsincludedtimequantities.However,eventheEinsteinianformulationisnotperhapstotallyadequatetothejoboffittingtimeintotheproperrelationshipwiththeotherdimensions,astheyarecalled,ofspace.Theprimaryproblemarisesinrelationtothingswhichmightbegoingfasterthanthespeedoflight,orhaveotherstrangeproperties.ExaminationoftheLorentz-Fitzgeraldformulasyieldstheinterestingspeculationthatifsomethingdidactuallyexceedthespeedoflightitwouldhaveitsmassexpressedasanimaginarynumberandwouldseemtobegoingbackwardsintime.Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightistheapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikelyformassesthatarelargeinnormalcircumstances-thentheothersidemaybeachievable.Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.Therehavebeen,infact,someobservations13ofparticlechamberswhichhaveledsomescientiststospeculatethataparticlecalledthetachyonmayexistwiththetrans-lightpropertieswehavejustdiscussed.Thedifficultiesofimaginingandcopingwiththesepotentialimplicationsofourmathematicalmodelspointsouttheimportanceofstudyingalternativemethodsofnotationforadvancedphysics.ProfessorZuckerkandl,inhisbookSoundandSymbol,hypothesizesthatitmightbebettertoexpresstherelationshipsfoundinquantummechanicsthroughtheuseofanotationderivedfrommusicalnotations.Tooversimplifygreatly,hearguesthatmusichasalwaysgiventimeaspecialrelationshiptootherfactorsorparametersordimensions.Therefore,itmightbeamoreusefullanguageinwhichtoexpresstherelationshipsinphysicswheretimeagainhasaspecialroletoplay,andcannotbetreatedasjustanotherdimension.Thepointofthis,oranyotheralternativetothecurrentmethodsofdescribingbasicphysicalprocesses,isthattimedoesnotappear-eitherbycommonexperienceorsophisticatedscientificunderstanding-tobethesamesortofdimensionorparameterasphysicaldimensions,andisdeservingofcompletelyspecialtreatment,inasystemofnotationdesignedtoaccomplishthatgoal.Oneapproachwouldbetoconsidertimetobeafieldeffectgovernedbytheapplicationofenergytomass-thatistosay,bytheinteractionofdifferentformsofenergy,ifyouwishtokeepinmindtheequivalenceofmassandenergy.Themovementofanynormalsortofmassisboundtoproduceafieldeffectthatwecallpositivetime.Animaginarymasswouldproduceanegativetimefieldeffect.ThisisnotatvariancewithEinstein"stheories,sincethe"faster"agivenmassmovesthemoreenergywasappliedtoitandthegreaterwouldbethefieldeffect.ThetimeeffectspredictedbyEinsteinandconfirmedbyexperienceare,itseems,consonantwiththis數(shù)：10.00）(1).The"sound"ofProfessorZuckerkandl"sbooktitleprobablyrefersto______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.themusicofthespheres√B.musicintheabstractC.musicalnotationD.theseeminglymusicalsoundsproducedbytachyons【解析】第五段中關(guān)于SoundandSymbol一書，ProfessorZuckerkandl提出使用樂譜及到宇宙中的時(shí)間維度。由此推測，本書中的sound指的可能是宇宙中的音樂。因此選A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)均沒有與宇宙聯(lián)系起來，因此排除。D項(xiàng)范同太過狹窄，tachyons只是涉及到的一種物質(zhì)，屬于個(gè)別案例。(2).Thepassagesupportstheinferencethat______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.Einstein"stheoryofrelativityiswrongB.theLorentz-FitzgeraldformulascontradictEinstein"stheoriesC.timetravelisclearlypossibleD.itisimpossibletotravelatpreciselythespeedoflight√運(yùn)動。但是接著指出，要實(shí)現(xiàn)量子論中這種情況，可能性是很小的。因此選D項(xiàng)。文中提到Einsteinianformulation并不能充分解決時(shí)間關(guān)系的問題，但并沒有說其不正確或者與Lorentz-Fitzgeraldformulas項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)屬于無中生有，因此排除。根據(jù)第三段可知，時(shí)間旅行目前不太可能，因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。(3).Thetoneofthepassageis______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.criticalbuthopeful14B.hopefulbutsuspiciousC.suspiciousbutspeculativeD.speculativebuthopeful√性或者存在的障礙，總體來說，的態(tài)度雖然不肯定，但是在努力推測，并且懷有希望，因此D項(xiàng)是正確的。并沒有持懷疑態(tài)度，也沒有批判，因此其他選項(xiàng)均不正確。(4).Thecentralideaofthepassagecanbebestdescribedasbeingwhichofthefollowing?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.Anomaliesintheoreticalphysicsnotationpermitintriguinghypothesesandindicatetheneedforrefinednotationofthetimedimension.√B.Newobservationsrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoriesandnewmethodsofdescribingthenewtheories.C.Einsteinianphysicscanbemuchimprovedoninitstreatmentoftachyons.D.Zuckerkandl"stheoriesoftachyonformationarepreferabletoEinstein"s.【解析】有關(guān)tachyons的討論僅僅涉及文章的一小部分，因此可以排除兩項(xiàng)，文中提到的各種理論推測，無論是"notationderivedfrommusicalnotations"還是"afieldeffect"，A因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。(5).Accordingtotheauthor,itistoosoonto______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.callBeethovenaphysicistB.adoptproposalssuchasZuckerkandl"sC.planfortimetravel√D.studyparticlechambersfortachyontraces【解析】根據(jù)第三段可知，時(shí)間旅行目前不太可能。因此選C項(xiàng)。Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollowed.TwiceasmanygirlsasboysarebeingborninsomeArcticvillagesbecauseofh