個人資料整理 僅限學習使用畢業(yè)設計(論文>文獻翻譯課題名稱 啟東林洋大酒店方案設計院<系）建筑學院專業(yè)建筑學專業(yè)姓名陳晨學號P1601060330起訖日期指導教師 張偉郁2018 年02月21日畢業(yè)設計<論文）文獻翻譯0/8個人資料整理 僅限學習使用原文文獻AdheringtotheScientificViewofDevelopment&PromotingtheDevelopmentofEnergyEfficientandGreenBuildingsMinistryofConstructionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina23February,2005Energyefficientbuildingsrefertothosemeetingenergyefficientstandardsduringdesignandbuildingprocessandthusconsuminglessenergyinuse.Greenbuildingsrefertothoseprovidingoccupantswithhealthy,comfortableandsafeliving,workingandleisurespace,achievinghighefficiencyinutilizingresources(includingenergy,land,water,andmaterials>duringthelifecycleofbuildings(includingbuildingmaterialsproduction,planning,design,construction,operationandmaintenance,anddemolition>,andminimizingthebuildings'impactontheenvironment.Greenbuildingsarealsolabeledas“Eco-Buildings”or“SustainableBuildings”I.Thesignificanceofpromotingtheenergyefficientandgreenbuildings.Asaman-madeenvironment,buildingsplayanintegralpartinphysicallyandspirituallysatisfyingthedemandofhumanbeing.However,duetotheexcessivepursuingofphysicalpleasureplustheover-exploitationofthenaturalresources,modernbuildingshavenotonlysegregatedtheconnectionandcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingsandthenature,butalsoproducedheavyburdenonthenaturalenvironmentandresources.Accordingtostatistics,morethan50％ofthematerialsmangatheredfromthenatureareusedfortheconstructionofallkindsofbuildingsandtheirattachedutilities,andanother50％oftheworldenergyareconsumedduringtheconstructionandutilizationofthosebuildings.Amongenvironmentalpollutions,construction-relatedairpollution,lightpollutionandelectromagneticpollutionaccountsfor34％。constructionwastemakesup40％ofthetrashproducedbyhuman.Inthedevelopingcountries,theskyrocketingconstructionaggravatesthemisuseoflandandthedestructionoftheecologicalenvironment.China,initsprocessofindustrializationandurbanizationandwiththeobjectiveofmaintaining7％-aboveannualgrowthrateofGDPinthenext15years,willbefacedwithseriousbottleneckofresourcelimitationandenvironmentaldeterioration.ThesituationshowsthatitisimperativeforChinatopromoteenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsintheprocessofsustainabledevelopment.Throughthescientificandsystematicdesign,incorporatedwithsuchnewandhightechnologiesasgreenfittings,naturalventilation,naturallighting,lowenergyexteriorprotectionsystem,newenergy,waterreuse,greenbuildingmaterials,intelligentcontrolandsoon,greenbuildingshavewithitsixfeatures:calculatedsiteplanning,efficientenergycirculation,effectiveandcomprehensiveenergysaving,healthyandcomfortablebuildingenvironment,innocuousandsmallamountofwastedischarge,andflexibleandconvenientinfunctions.Itcouldnotonlysatisfythephysicalandmentalneedofhumanbeings,butalsoreducetheimpactonthenaturalenvironmentwithitsefficientenergyconsumption.Mr.President,HuJintaohaspointedoutthatweshalldevelopland-savinghousing,popularizeenergyefficienttechnology,andestablishenergysaving,materialsavingandwatersavingcode。weshallutilizetheresourcesinathriftywayandapplytherecyclingmethodsinordertopursuethesustainabledevelopmentoftheeconomicsociety.ChinesePremierWenJiabaoandVice-PremierZengPeiyanhasreaffirmedthatconstructionenergysavingisnotonlyaneconomicissuebutalsoanimportantstrategy.Thedevelopmentofenergysavingtechnologyandgreenbuildingsisanimportantapproachintheconstructionfieldforpursuingtheessentialthoughtof“ThreeRepresents”andspiritofthe16thNationalCongress.Itcarriesoutthecomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainable1/8個人資料整理 僅限學習使用scientificviewofdevelopment,emphasizesthevalueofhumanbeings,integratesthedevelopmentoftheeconomyandthesociety,andpromotestheharmonizationbetweenthehumanbeingsandthenature.Thepurposeofthisapproachistoadjusttherealestatestructure,transformthemodeofincreaseinthebuildingandeconomysectorandpromotetheadjustmentofeconomicstructure.Theprincipleliesinthethriftyutilizationandrecyclingoftheenergy,thusfacilitatingthecomprehensiveutilizationoftheresources,buildingthesaving-typesocietyanddevelopingthecycliceconomy.ItreflectsthatChinaisnowstickingtoitshealthydevelopingpathtowardsproductiondevelopment,wealthylifeandsoundenvironment.Asacriticallinkintheprocessofenergysavingandsafeguardingnationalenergysafety,thisapproachconstitutesanessentialmethodtosolvesuchproblemsintheconstructionfieldashighinvestment,highconsumption,heavypollutionandlowprofit,anditisthestrategicworkforthereformandupgradingofthetraditionalconstructionandconstructionmaterialindustry,facilitatingthehealthy,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentoftheconstructioncause.II.WorkshavebeendonerelatingtoenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsTheDesigningStandardforEnergyConservationinCivilBuildingoftheNorthernAreas1986wasthelandmarkofChineseenergyefficientwork.Afteralmosttwodecades,greatachievementshavebeenmadeinthefollowingaspects:(1>.Energyefficientdesignstandardsystemwiththegoalofsaving50％oftheenergyhasbeensetup。(2>.LawsystemwithTheRegulationsfortheAdministrationofEnergyConservationinCivilBuildingsastheprinciplehasbeensetup。(3>.Technologysupportingsystemofenergyefficientbuildinghasbeensetup。(4>.SeveralpilotprojectsofenergyefficientbuildinghasplayedtheleadingroleofChineseenergyefficientbuildingconstruction。(5>.Throughinternationalcooperation,advancedtechnologiesandmanagementexperiencehavebeenintroducedinChina.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,therewere320millionsquaremetersofenergyefficientbuildingsinurbanChina,saving10.94milliontonsofstandardcoal,dischargingCO2223.26milliontons.Atthesametime,theideologyofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeenwidelyacceptedbytheinternationalcommunity,andgreenarchitecturehasbeenmoreandmoreattachedimportanceto.BeijingCharter,whichhadbeenissuedinthe20thWorldArchitectConventionBeijing1999ofWorldArchitectAssociation,clearlyrequiredthatthesustainabledevelopmentwouldbetheworkingstandardofallarchitectsandengineersinthenewcentury.Chinahasdonegreatjobinthedevelopmentofgreenbuildings:thekeytech-researchofgreenarchitecturehasbeendeveloped?！癗ationalforGreenBuildingsInnovationAward”hasbeenset。manypracticeshavebeenmadeinofficebuildings,librariesofcollegesandinstitutions,urbanresidentialcommunities,ruralhousingandothertypesofbuilding.III.Problemstobeaddressed(1>ThelackofacquaintanceshipWeshallplaceenergyconservationandgreenbuildingsatthestrategiclevelasimplementingthescientificviewofdevelopment,buildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway,safeguardingnationalenergyandpromotingthesustainabledevelopment.(2>.ThelackofefficientincentivepoliciesandpowerfullawandregulationsThenationalpolicieshavelonglaidparticularstressontheenergyefficientofindustryandtraffic,whileenergyefficientandgreenbuildingslacksefficientencouragementpoliciesandpowerfullawsandregulations.TherearenoexistinglawsandregulationsinChinawithoperationalrewardsandpunishmentmethodstoforceallbenefitpartiestoparticipateinthesavingofenergy,land,waterandmaterials.TheDesigningStandardforEnergyConservationinCivilBuildingsissuedbyMinistryofConstructionasaministryregulationhasfarlessstrength.(3>.The2/8個人資料整理 僅限學習使用lackofthecommunicationplatformofnewtechnology,newmaterial,newfittingsandnewdesignandmanagementpatterns.Inthewesterndevelopingcountries,theenergyefficientandgreenarchitecturehasdecadesofhistories.Insomecountry,greatachievementofeconomicdevelopmentandlowertheenergyconsumptionhasbeenmade.TosystematicallyintroducethosesuccessfulexperienceandtechnologyintoChinawouldhelpChinatopromoteenergyefficientandgreenarchitectureandspreadingtherelatingnewtechnology,newproductandnewmanagementpatterns.(4>.Thesystemofstandardsandnormshasnotbeenformed.Thecomparativelyimprovedstandardsystemofenergyefficiencyforresidentialbuildingshaspreliminarilybeenshapedup,whichenforcesthedesigningstandardforenergysavingas50％forthreeclimateareasoneafteranother,butthestandardsforpublicandindustrialbuildingshavenotyetbeenpromulgatedandthecomprehensivestandardsystemforthebuildingenergysaving,theland,waterandmaterialefficiencyandtheenvironmentalprotectionhasnotbeensetup.(5>.Theeffectiveadministrativeregulatoryframeworkisnotinplace.Importancehasnotbeenattachedtotheadministrativefunctionsrelatedtoenergyefficiencyandgreenbuildings.Presentadministrativesystemisnoteffectivewithweakregulation.Insomelocalities,managementisevenoutofcontrol.(6>.Theenergystructureincitiesisnotreasonableandresourcesarewastedseverely.Nowadays,bymaintainingcoalasthemajorenergysource,theChinesecitiesstillremainunreasonableenergystructure.Thehighqualityenergysuchasnaturalgasandothercleanrenewableresourcessuchassolarenergy,geothermalenergy,windenergyetc.areslimlyutilizedinbuildings.Atpresent,2billionsquaremetersofnewhousingarebuiltannuallyinurbanandruralareasinChina,over80％ofwhicharetheoneswithhigh-energyconsumption.Among40billionsquaremetersofexistingbuildings,over95％aretheoneswithhigh-energyconsumption.TheenergyconsumptionperconstructionunitareainChinaistwicetothreetimestheoneinthedevelopedcountries.ThiscausedheavyenergyburdenandseriousenvironmentalpollutionthatbecometheoutstandingproblemconstrainingthesustainabledevelopmentofChina.Meanwhile,duringtheconstruction,thereexistproblemssuchaslowutilizingrateoflandresources,seriouswaterpollutionandhighconsumptionofbuildingmaterials.IV.ThemaintasksofdevelopingenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsTheguidingideastodevelopenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsare,withaviewtoadheringtothescientificviewofdevelopmentandfulfillingthesustainabledevelopmentofconstructionsector,tomakemajoreffortstolaunchthecampaignsofresourceconservationandenvironmentalprotectionincludingtheefficiencyofenergy,land,waterandmaterialsandpromotethedevelopmentofenergyefficientandgreenbuildings.Thetrainofthought:1.Topushtheworkonfromallaspectsincludingregulationsandpolicies,normsandstandards,disseminatingmeasures,andtacklinghard-nutproblemsinscienceandtechnology,etc.2.Toregulatingtheoverallprocessfromsetting-upaproject,planning,designing,examiningdrawings,construction,supervising,checkingup,checkinguponcompletion,approvingthesellingtomaintenance.3.Topromulgateandenforcethestandardsofenergy,land,waterandmaterialefficiencyaswellasenvironmentalprotection.4.Touseworkmethodsfeaturedbyguidingaccordingtoclassifications,regionalcoordination,promotingcomprehensivelyandimplementingbydividingdifferentstages.5.Toencouragetheinvolvementofthewholesociety,besidesthegovernments,designingunits,organizationsforexaminingdrawings,constructors,supervisors,qualitysupervisionorganizations,developers,propertymanagemententerprisesandthebroad3/8個人資料整理 僅限學習使用massesofthepeople.Theobjectives:Throughoverallpromotion,by2020thegeneralobjectivewillbefulfilled,i.e.upgradingprojectstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofmostexistingbuildingswillbefinishedandallthenewbuildingswillsave65％energy.Atthesametime,theeasternareasareencouragedtoreachahigherlevelofenergysaving。thedynamicequilibriumbetweennewly-constructedareasandoverallsavedlandsisexpectedsustainedbasically。thewatersavingrateintheprocessofconstructionandutilizationcanbeimprovedbymorethan30％comparingwiththepresentlevel。andthetotalconsumptionofirrenewableresourcesbynewbuildingscanbedroppedbyover30％nowadaysamount.Bytheyear2020,thelevelofresourcesavinginconstructionsectorinChinaisexpectedtoapproachorreachtheoneinthemoderatelydevelopedcountriesatpresent.Theremarkableeconomicandsocialeffectwillbeachievedwhichcanchangethewayofeconomicgrowthnotably.Majormeasures:1.Toestablishandimprovethepoliciesandregulationframeworkofdevelopingintelligentandgreenbuildings。2.Toperfectthetechnicalstandardsupportingsystemofintelligentandgreenbuildings。3.Tosetuptheeffectiveadministrativeregulatorysystemfordevelopingintelligentandgreenbuildings。4.Tointensifytheinternationalexchangesandcooperation,trainingandpublicitycampaignaswell.Atpresent,toputupaplatformforexchangingadvancedtechnologyandmanagementexperienceofintelligentandgreenbuildingsisextremelyurgent.“The1stInternationalConferenceonTechnologiesofIntelligentandGreenBuildings&the1stInternationalExpoonTechnologiesandProductsofIntelligentandGreenBuildings”whichwillbeheldinthisMarchissuchaplatformjointlyputupbyourMinistryandrelevantdepartmentshomeandabroadinordertoenhancetheinternationalexchangesandcooperationandimprovethetechnicalandmanagementlevelofgreenbuildingsinChina.WearedoingeffortstomaketheConferenceanannualgreatinternationaleventwithauthoritative,forward-lookingandwide-rangingcharacteristics.Mr.WangGuangtao,ourMinisteristhechairmanoforganizingcommittee,Iamtheexecutivedirector,Mr.ZhouGanzhi,ourformerviceministerandmembersforthetwoAcademiesisthedirectorofacademicguidingcommitteeoftheConferece.ThesponsorsaretheMinistryofConstruction,theMinistryofScienceandTechnologyofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,DepartmentofTradeandIndustryoftheUnitedKingdom,HousingDepartmentofCanada,ConstructionDepartmentofSingapore,andtheConstructionDevelopmentCommissionofIndia.ThefivethemesoftheConferenceareasfollows:1.Theoveralldesigningtheory,methodsandcasesofintelligentandgreenbuildings。2.Theintelligenttechnologyforbuildings。3.Thetechnologyandproductsofenergyefficiency。4.Thetechnologyofgreenecology。5.Thetechnologyandequipmentofgreenbuildingmaterials.Uptonow,thepreparationworkhasbeenalreadyfinished.2,000participantsincludinggovernmentofficials,entrepreneurs,expertsandscholarsdevotingtothefieldofenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsfromallovertheworldwillattendtheconference.ItwillnotonlygiveastrongimpetustothedevelopmentofintelligentandgreenbuildingsinChina,butalsoexertagreatinfluencetotheglobalsustainabledevelopment.、畢業(yè)設計<論文）開題報告4/8個人資料整理 僅限學習使用2、查找外刊資料尋找一篇合適地建筑學論文并完成翻譯 .一、發(fā)展節(jié)能與綠色建筑地重要意義 建筑作為人工環(huán)境 ,是滿足人類物質(zhì)和精神生活需要地重要組成部分.然而,人類對感官享受地過度追求 ,以及不加節(jié)制地開發(fā)與建設 ,使現(xiàn)代建筑不僅疏離了人與自然地天然聯(lián)系和交流,也給環(huán)境和資源帶來了沉重地負擔 .據(jù)統(tǒng)計,人類從自然界所獲得地 50％以上地物質(zhì)原料用來建造各類建筑及其附屬設施,這些建筑在建造與使用過程中又消耗了全球能源地50％左右；在環(huán)境總體污染中,與建筑有關地空氣污染、光污染、電磁污染等就占了34％；建筑垃圾則占人類活動產(chǎn)生垃圾總量地40％；在發(fā)展中國家,劇增地建筑量還造成侵占土地、破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境等現(xiàn)象日益嚴重.中國正處于工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展階段,要在未來15年保持GDP年均增長7％以上,將面臨巨大地資源約束瓶頸和環(huán)境惡化壓力.嚴峻地事實告訴我們,中國要走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路,發(fā)展節(jié)能與綠色建筑刻不容緩.綠色建筑通過科學地整體設計,集成綠色配置、自然通風、自然采光、低能耗圍護結構、新能源利用、中水回用、綠色建材和智能控制等高新技術,具有選址規(guī)劃合理、資源利用高效循環(huán)、節(jié)能措施綜合有效、建筑環(huán)境健康舒適、廢物排放減量無害、建筑功能靈活適宜等六大特點.它不僅可以滿足人們地生理和心理需求,而且能源和資源地消耗最為經(jīng)濟合理,對環(huán)境地影響最小.胡錦濤同志指出：要大力發(fā)展節(jié)能省地型住宅,全面推廣節(jié)能技術,制定并強制執(zhí)行節(jié)能、節(jié)材、節(jié)水標準,按照減量化、再利用、資源化地原則,搞好資源綜合利用,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟社會地可持續(xù)發(fā)展.溫家寶和曾培炎同志也多次指出,建筑節(jié)能不僅是經(jīng)濟問題,而且是重要地戰(zhàn)略問題.發(fā)展節(jié)能與綠色建筑是建設領域貫徹“三個代表”重要思想和十六大精神,認真落實以人為本,全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)地科學發(fā)展觀,統(tǒng)籌經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展、人與自然和諧發(fā)展地重要舉措；是調(diào)整房地產(chǎn)業(yè)結構和轉變建筑業(yè)增長方式,轉變經(jīng)濟增長方式,促進經(jīng)濟結構調(diào)整地迫切需要；是按照減量化、再利用、資源化地原則,促進資源綜合利用,建設節(jié)約型社會,發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟地必然要求；是堅持走生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好地文明發(fā)展道路地重要體現(xiàn)；是節(jié)約能源,保障國家能源安全地關鍵環(huán)節(jié)；是探索解決建設行業(yè)高投入、高消耗、高污染、低效益地根本途徑；是改造和提升傳統(tǒng)地建筑業(yè)、建材業(yè),實現(xiàn)建設事業(yè)健康、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展地重大戰(zhàn)略性工作.二、我國在發(fā)展節(jié)能與綠色建筑方面所做地主要工作我國抓建筑節(jié)能是以1986年頒布北方地區(qū)居住建筑節(jié)能設計標準為標志啟動地.經(jīng)過近二十年地努力,建筑節(jié)能工作得到了逐步推進,取得了較大成績,主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：一是已初步建立起以節(jié)能50％為目標地建筑節(jié)能設計標準體系；二是初步形成了以《民用建筑節(jié)能管理規(guī)定》為主體地法規(guī)體系；三是初步形成了建筑節(jié)能地技術支撐體系；四是通過建筑節(jié)能試點示范工程,有效帶動了建筑節(jié)能工作地發(fā)展；五是通過國際合作工程,引入了國外先進地技術和管理經(jīng)驗.據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計,到2002年,全國城鎮(zhèn)共建成節(jié)能建筑面積3.2億平方M,實現(xiàn)節(jié)能1094萬噸標準煤,減排CO22326萬噸.與此同時,伴隨著可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想在國際社會地認同,綠色建筑理念在中國也逐漸受到了重視.1999年在北京召開地國際建筑師協(xié)會第二十屆世界建筑師大會發(fā)布地《北京憲章》明確要求將可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為建筑師和工程師在新世紀中地工作準則.中國在綠色建筑發(fā)展上做了大量地工作,開展了綠色建筑關鍵技術研究,設立了“全國綠色建筑創(chuàng)新獎”,在辦公建筑、高等院校圖書館、城市住宅小區(qū)、農(nóng)村住宅等建筑類型進行了綠色建筑地實踐.三、目前存在地主要問題<一）認識不到位尚未將節(jié)能與綠色建筑工作放到貫徹科學發(fā)展觀、全面建設小康社會、保證國家能源安全、實施可持續(xù)發(fā)展地戰(zhàn)略高度來認識.<二）缺乏有效地激勵政策和強有力地法律法規(guī)長期以來,國家對能源地管理偏重工業(yè)和交通節(jié)能,缺乏有效地激勵政策引導和扶植節(jié)能與綠色建筑.我國現(xiàn)行地法律法規(guī)對能源、土地、水資源、材料地節(jié)約也沒有可操作地獎懲方法來強制各方利益主體必須積極參與；而我部頒發(fā)地《民用建筑節(jié)能管理規(guī)定》,作為一個部門規(guī)章,力度遠遠不夠.<三）缺乏行之有效地新技術、新材料、新配件和新地設計及管理模式地推廣交流平臺在西方發(fā)達國家,節(jié)能與綠色建筑已經(jīng)有幾十年地成功發(fā)展史.有地國家甚至已經(jīng)取得經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和能耗持續(xù)下降地突出成就.及時、系統(tǒng)、廣泛地引進它們地成功經(jīng)驗和技術,對引導我國剛起步地節(jié)能與綠色建筑地發(fā)展